An energy absorbing and transmitting material comprising a framework of interconnected units comprising at least one unit having a base and a protrusion or cone extending from the base along an axis, and at least one connecting member or rod that connects the unit to at least one adjacent unit, the
An energy absorbing and transmitting material comprising a framework of interconnected units comprising at least one unit having a base and a protrusion or cone extending from the base along an axis, and at least one connecting member or rod that connects the unit to at least one adjacent unit, the connecting members extending substantially perpendicular to the axis of the unit from the base, where the framework is comprised of a single elastic material throughout, or configured so that when the framework is perturbed by tilting the unit towards the adjacent unit, the adjacent unit is tilted towards the unit.
대표청구항▼
1. An energy absorbing and transmitting material comprising a framework of interconnected units comprising: a plurality of units, each unit having a base and a protrusion extending from the base along an axis, the protrusion being tapered towards the uppermost portion of the protrusion, anda plurali
1. An energy absorbing and transmitting material comprising a framework of interconnected units comprising: a plurality of units, each unit having a base and a protrusion extending from the base along an axis, the protrusion being tapered towards the uppermost portion of the protrusion, anda plurality of connecting members, each connecting member connecting one unit to an adjacent unit, each connecting member extending substantially perpendicular to the axes, the base extending below the connecting members and the protrusion extending above the connecting members,wherein the framework is comprised of a single elastic material throughout, and wherein, when a force is applied to the protrusions of one or more units offset from the axes at an angle greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees, each of those units tilts towards an adjacent unit,and wherein each of the bases is shaped to facilitate tilting or deflection of the corresponding unit against an underlying surface contacting the bases,and wherein the uppermost portion of each protrusion is unconstrained to permit complete deflection of the units under a sufficient load so that each completely defected unit rests on another unit, on a connecting member, or on the underlying surface. 2. The material of claim 1, wherein each of the protrusions has a tip extending from the protrusion along the axis. 3. The material of claim 2, wherein an exterior surface of each of the tips has an angle of deviation from the corresponding axis that is different from the angle of deviation of an exterior surface of the corresponding protrusion. 4. The material of claim 3, wherein each of a plurality of the protrusions is conical, and the corresponding tip comprises a cylinder or cone. 5. The material of claim 1, wherein the protrusions and/or bases are conical, frusto-conical, cylindrical, ovoid, hemispherical or polyhedral shapes. 6. The material of claim 1, wherein the connecting members are rods that connect units to adjacent units which transmit torsion along their length, wherein each connecting member connects directly only to two adjacent units. 7. The material of claim 1, wherein each of the protrusions is conical having a radius at its base that is substantially equal to the base of the corresponding unit. 8. The material of claim 1, wherein each of a plurality of the units further comprises at least one base projection extending from the base opposite to the protrusion, wherein the at least one base projection is shaped to minimize contact with the underlying contact surface so as to increase the tendency of the unit to tilt or deflect. 9. The material of claim 1, wherein each of a plurality of the units further comprises two or more base projections extending from the base of the unit opposite to the protrusion and spaced apart and arranged on the base. 10. The material of claim 1, wherein each unit is connected to adjacent units along at least one or more longitudinal axes. 11. The material of claim 10, wherein the units are connected to adjacent units along two or more longitudinal axes. 12. The material of claim 11, wherein the units are connected to adjacent structural units along three or more longitudinal axes. 13. The material of claim 1, wherein at least one unit has a width that is less than the width of at least one adjacent unit. 14. The material of claim 1, wherein the at least one unit and the at least one adjacent unit have different volumes. 15. The material of claim 2, wherein the protrusion comprises a plurality of supports which extend from the base to support the tip. 16. The material of claim 1, wherein the base is an annulus. 17. The material of claim 1, wherein the at least one connecting member is absent, thereby permitting the at least one unit and the at least one adjacent unit to be in direct contact. 18. The material of claim 1, wherein the material is made of an elastic foam, a polymer or elastomer, or a natural rubber. 19. The material of claim 18, wherein the material is made of a hydrophobic closed-cell foam. 20. The material of claim 1, wherein the units are intersected by a datum, which is flat or curved. 21. The material of claim 20, wherein the units are regularly spaced on the datum. 22. The material of claim 21, wherein the units of the framework are arranged in a square or triangular grid. 23. The material of claim 8, wherein each of a plurality of the base projections is hemispherical. 24. The material of claim 1, wherein each of a plurality of the bases is hemispherical and the units are not hollow. 25. The material of claim 24, wherein the material is molded. 26. An energy absorbing and transmitting material comprising: a framework of interconnected units comprising: at least one unit having a base and a protrusion extending from the base along an axis,at least two adjacent units, each adjacent unit being adjacent to the at least one unit, each adjacent unit having a base and a protrusion extending from the base along an axis, the axes being substantially parallel to each other when the framework is at rest,at least two connecting members, each connecting member connecting the at least one unit proximate to the base to one of the adjacent units proximate to the base of the adjacent unit, the connecting members extending substantially perpendicular to the axes between the units when the framework is at rest the base extending below the connecting members and the protrusion extending above the connecting members,wherein the connecting members are elastic, and when a force is applied to the protrusions of one or more units offset from the axis at an angle greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees, each of those units is tilted towards another unit,and wherein the bases are shaped to facilitate tilting or deflection of the units against an underlying surface contacting the bases,and wherein the uppermost portion of each protrusion is unconstrained to permit complete deflection of the units under a sufficient load so that each completely defected unit rests on another unit, on a connecting member, or the underlying surface. 27. The material of claim 26, wherein at least one unit and at least one adjacent unit have differing densities.
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