IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
|
국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 |
US-0837162
(2010-07-15)
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등록번호 |
US-8786133
(2014-07-22)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
- Cheng, George Shu-Xing
- Mulkey, Steven L.
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출원인 / 주소 |
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대리인 / 주소 |
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인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
5 인용 특허 :
22 |
초록
▼
A method and apparatus is disclosed for intelligently inverting DC power from DC sources such as photovoltaic (PV) solar modules to single-phase or three-phase AC power to feed the power grid for electricity generation. A number of smart single-input, dual-input, triple-input, quad-input, and multip
A method and apparatus is disclosed for intelligently inverting DC power from DC sources such as photovoltaic (PV) solar modules to single-phase or three-phase AC power to feed the power grid for electricity generation. A number of smart single-input, dual-input, triple-input, quad-input, and multiple-input power inverters in a mixed variety can easily connect to single, dual, triple, quad, and multiple DC power sources, invert the DC power to AC power, and daisy chain together to generate a total power, which is equal to the summation of the AC power supplied by each smart and scalable power inverter of this invention.
대표청구항
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1. A system for providing AC power to a power grid from a plurality of individual DC power sources each having a DC power output port, comprising: a) a plurality of power inverters, each of said power inverters having one DC power input port, an AC power input port, and an AC power output port, said
1. A system for providing AC power to a power grid from a plurality of individual DC power sources each having a DC power output port, comprising: a) a plurality of power inverters, each of said power inverters having one DC power input port, an AC power input port, and an AC power output port, said DC power input port having one DC power source connected thereto;b) said AC power output port of each inverter being connected in a daisy chain to the AC power input port of the next inverter, except for the AC power input port of the first inverter being left open, and the AC power output port of the last inverter being connected to a power service panel of the power grid;c) each of said power inverters including: i) a DC-DC boost converter connected to said DC power source and arranged to convert the power source voltage to a higher DC voltage suitable for inversion;ii) a DC-AC inverter connected to said DC-DC boost converter and arranged to invert the DC power to AC power with voltage higher than the incoming AC power voltage;iii) an internal AC powerline that combines the generated AC power with the external AC power from the power grid;iv) a load interface circuit connected to said DC-AC inverter and to said internal AC powerline, said load interface circuit being arranged to filter high-frequency components out of the said DC-AC inverter's AC output;v) an MFA microcontroller connected to said DC-DC boost converter, DC-AC inverter, and load interface circuit, said microcontroller arranged to monitor the DC boost voltage, control the DC-DC boost converter, perform maximum power point tracking (MPPT), perform DC-AC inversion and AC power synchronization, monitor AC current and voltage for generated power amount and status, perform powerline communications, and perform logic controls such as AC powerline switching and isolation;vi) a powerline modem connected to said microcontroller and said internal AC powerline through an interface circuitry for transmitting and receiving performance data between said microcontroller and said power grid;vii) a line sensing circuit connected to said internal AC powerline and said microcontroller for detecting the phase and zero-crossing point of the incoming AC power from the power grid; andviii) a solid state switch connected to said internal AC powerline and external AC powerline, and arranged to disconnect said internal AC powerline from the AC grid during the non-generation time. 2. The system of claim 1, in which the output of each of said power inverters is single-phase AC. 3. The system of claim 1, in which the output of each of said power inverters is three-phase AC. 4. The system of claim 1, in which said MFA microcontroller includes Model-Free Adaptive (MFA) controllers which control the DC-DC boost converter, and MFA optimizers which provide maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to allow the power inverter to achieve optimal power production. 5. A system for providing AC power to a power grid from a plurality of individual DC power sources each having a DC power output port, comprising: a) a plurality of power inverters, each of said power inverters having two DC power input ports, an AC power input port, and an AC power output port, each of said DC power input ports having one DC power source connected thereto;b) aid AC power output port of each inverter being connected in a daisy chain to the AC power input port of the next inverter, except for the AC power input port of the first inverter being left open, and the AC power output port of the last inverter being connected to a power service panel of the power grid;c) each of said power inverters including: i) a pair of DC-DC boost converters, one connected to each of said DC power sources, respectively, and arranged to convert the power source voltage to a higher DC voltage suitable for inversion;ii) a DC power combiner connected to said DC-DC boost converters for combining the DC output from both DC-DC boost converters and allowing said DC-DC boost converters to connect in parallel so that all DC currents are added together;iii) a DC-AC inverter connected to said DC power combiner and arranged to invert the DC power to AC power with voltage higher than the incoming AC power voltage;iv) an internal AC powerline that combines the generated AC power with the external AC power from the power grid;v) a load interface circuit connected to said DC-AC inverter and to said internal AC powerline, said load interface circuit being arranged to filter high-frequency components out of the said DC-AC inverter's AC output;vi) an MFA microcontroller connected to said DC-DC boost converters, DC-AC inverter, and load interface circuit, said microcontroller arranged to monitor the DC boost voltage, control the DC-DC boost converter, perform maximum power point tracking (MPPT), perform DC-AC inversion and AC power synchronization, monitor AC current and voltage for generated power amount and status, perform powerline communications, and perform logic controls such as AC powerline switching and isolation;vii) a powerline modem connected to said microcontroller and said internal AC powerline through an interface circuitry for transmitting and receiving performance data between said microcontroller and said power grid;viii) a line sensing circuit connected to said internal AC powerline and said microcontroller for detecting the phase and zero-crossing point of the incoming AC power from the power grid; andix) a solid state switch connected to said internal AC powerline and external AC powerline, and arranged to disconnect said internal AC powerline from the AC grid during the non-generation time. 6. The system of claim 5, in which the output of each of said power inverters is single-phase AC. 7. The system of claim 5, in which the output of each of said power inverters is three-phase AC. 8. The system of claim 5, in which said MFA microcontroller includes Model-Free Adaptive (MFA) controllers which control the DC-DC boost converters, and MFA optimizers which provide maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to allow the power inverter to achieve optimal power production. 9. A system for providing AC power to a power grid from a plurality of individual DC power sources each having a DC power output port, comprising: a) a plurality of power inverters, each of said power inverters having m DC power input ports, where m is an integer greater than or equal to one, an AC power input port, and an AC power output port, each of said DC power input ports having one DC power source connected thereto;b) said AC power output port of each inverter being connected in a daisy chain to the AC power input port of the next inverter, except for the AC power input port of the first inverter being left open, and the AC power output port of the last inverter being connected to a power service panel of the power grid;c) each of said power inverters including: i) m number of DC-DC boost converters, one connected to each of said DC power sources, respectively, and arranged to convert the power source voltage to a higher DC voltage suitable for inversion;ii) a DC power combiner connected to said m number of DC-DC boost converters for combining the DC output from all DC-DC boost converters and allowing said DC-DC boost converters to connect in parallel so that all DC currents are added together;iii) a DC-AC inverter connected to said DC power combiner and arranged to invert the DC power to AC power with voltage higher than the incoming AC power voltage;iv) an internal AC powerline that combines the generated AC power with the external AC power from the power grid;v) a load interface circuit connected to said DC-AC inverter and to said internal AC powerline, said load interface circuit being arranged to filter high-frequency components out of the said DC-AC inverter's AC output;vi) an MFA microcontroller connected to said DC-DC boost converters, DC-AC inverter, and load interface circuit, said microcontroller arranged to monitor the DC boost voltage, control the DC-DC boost converter, perform maximum power point tracking (MPPT), perform DC-AC inversion and AC power synchronization, monitor AC current and voltage for generated power amount and status, perform powerline communications, and perform logic controls such as AC powerline switching and isolation;vii) a powerline modem connected to said microcontroller and said internal AC powerline through an interface circuitry for transmitting and receiving performance data between said microcontroller and said power grid;viii) a line sensing circuit connected to said internal AC powerline and said microcontroller for detecting the phase and zero-crossing point of the incoming AC power from the power grid; andix) a solid state switch connected to said internal AC powerline and external AC powerline, and arranged to disconnect said internal AC powerline from the AC grid during the non-generation time. 10. The system of claim 9, in which the output of each of said power inverters is single-phase AC. 11. The system of claim 9, in which the output of each of said power inverters is three-phase AC. 12. The system of claim 9, in which said MFA microcontroller includes Model-Free Adaptive (MFA) controllers which control the DC-DC boost converters, and MFA optimizers which provide maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to allow the power inverter to achieve optimal power production. 13. The system of claim 9, in which the said MFA microcontroller is programmed with a main program to iteratively: a) turn on and off the inverter's generation circuit based on the DC power source input and conditions of the inverter and AC powerline,b) calculate the inverter's power statistics such as the amount of power generated during a certain period of time;c) perform diagnostics for the inverter's status and operation;d) set the inverter's unit address;e) perform powerline communications; andf) respond to queries from data gathering or acquisition devices to report the power statistics. 14. The system of claim 13, in which said MFA microcontroller is further programmed with an interrupt service routine (ISR) to: a) respond to an interrupt;b) save the current context of the main program;c) read voltage and current signals from the DC source, DC-DC boost converter, and DC-AC inverter;d) read phase and zero-crossing point data of the AC powerline;e) perform maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for each DC power source connected to the inverter;f) perform DC-AC inversion and AC synchronization;g) send out PWM control signals through the digital output ports; andh) restore the saved context of the main program so that the execution of the main program can be resumed. 15. A scalable DC to AC power inversion system for providing AC power to a power grid from a plurality of individual DC power sources each having a DC power output port, comprising: a) a plurality of power inverters, each of said power inverters including a single DC-AC inverter, at least two DC power input ports coupled to the single DC-AC inverter, an AC power input port, and an AC power output port coupled to the single DC-AC inverter, each of said DC power input ports having one DC power source connected thereto;b) said AC power output port of each power inverter being connected in a daisy chain to the AC power input port of the next power inverter, except for the AC power input port of the first power inverter being left open, and the AC power output port of the last power inverter being connected to a power service panel of the power grid;c) whereby said system is incrementally scalable by adding or subtracting DC power sources and daisy-chained inverters. 16. The system of claim 15, in which the output of each of said power inverters is single-phase AC. 17. The system of claim 15, in which the output of each of said power inverters is three-phase AC. 18. The system of claim 15 further comprising a first DC power source connected to one of said DC power input ports of one of said power inverters and a second DC power source, different in kind from said first DC power source, connected to another of said DC power input ports of said one power inverter. 19. A method of making a DC to AC power conversion system incrementally scalable, comprising: a) providing a plurality of DC power sources and a plurality of DC to AC power inverters, said DC to AC power inverters each having a single DC-AC inverter, an AC input port coupled to the single DC-AC inverter, an AC output port coupled to the single DC-AC inverter, and at least two DC input ports coupled to the single DC-AC inverter;b) connecting at least one of said DC power sources, respectively, to each of said DC input ports; andc) providing AC power to the power grid. 20. The method of claim 19, in which the output of each of said power inverters is single-phase AC. 21. The method of claim 19, in which the output of each of said power inverters is three-phase AC. 22. The method of claim 19 further comprising daisy-chaining at least two of said DC to AC power inverters, said AC power output port of each DC to AC power inverter being connected in a daisy chain to the AC power input port of the next DC to AC power inverter, except for the AC power input port of the first DC to AC power inverter being left open, and the AC power output port of the last DC to AC power inverter being connected to a power service panel of the power grid. 23. The method of claim 19 where the providing of AC power includes producing a total AC power that is the summation of the AC power supplied by each said DC to AC power inverter. 24. The method of claim 19 further comprising: a) connecting a first DC power source to one of said DC power input ports of one of said power inverters; andb) connecting a second DC power source, different in kind from said first DC power source, to another of said DC power input ports of said one power inverter.
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