IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
|
국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 |
US-0348468
(2012-01-11)
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등록번호 |
US-8823938
(2014-09-02)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
- Beck, Steven M
- Loper, Gary L
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출원인 / 주소 |
- The Aerospace Corporation
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대리인 / 주소 |
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인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
1 인용 특허 :
26 |
초록
▼
A system, apparatus, and method is provided to remotely measure atmospheric species using a long path differential absorption technique. In one embodiment, a source and a detector are collocated and at the far end of the absorption path a retro-reflector is mounted on a vehicle. The source generates
A system, apparatus, and method is provided to remotely measure atmospheric species using a long path differential absorption technique. In one embodiment, a source and a detector are collocated and at the far end of the absorption path a retro-reflector is mounted on a vehicle. The source generates an outgoing laser beam that is transmitted to the retro-reflector and reflected towards the detector as an incoming laser beam, and the detector receives the incoming laser beam that was reflected by the retro-reflector.
대표청구항
▼
1. An apparatus, comprising: a source configured to generate an outgoing laser beam comprising a plurality of wavelengths transmitted to one or more retro-reflectors; anda detector configured to receive an incoming laser beam comprising a plurality of wavelengths reflected from the one or more retro
1. An apparatus, comprising: a source configured to generate an outgoing laser beam comprising a plurality of wavelengths transmitted to one or more retro-reflectors; anda detector configured to receive an incoming laser beam comprising a plurality of wavelengths reflected from the one or more retro-reflectors, and detect chemical species, develop a two or three dimensional map of species concentrations, or both, using at least one absorption path, whereinthe source and the detector are collocated at one end of the at least one absorption path and the one or more retro-reflectors mounted on one or more piloted vehicles are located at another end of the at least one absorption path, andthe apparatus comprising the source and the detector is a vehicle separate from the one or more piloted vehicles comprising the one or more retro-reflectors. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the outgoing laser beam comprises radiation of a first wavelength and radiation of a second wavelength configured to measure different absorption strengths. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the source comprises a plurality of laser units configured to simultaneously or successively generate radiation of at least a first wavelength and a second wavelength to measure different absorption strengths of a specie of interest. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the source comprises a plurality of laser units configured to generate radiation of m wavelengths to measure different absorption strengths of n species, where m is n, or m is another number greater than n. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a reference detector configured to measure intensities of radiation of at least a first wavelength and a second wavelength of the outgoing laser beam before the outgoing laser beam is transmitted to the one or more retro-reflectors. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a pointer configured to align and direct the outgoing laser beam to the one or more retro-reflectors and direct the incoming laser beam to a polarization unit. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the polarization unit is configured to distinguish between the outgoing laser beam and the incoming laser beam, direct the outgoing laser beam from the source to the pointer, and direct the incoming laser beam from the pointer to the detector. 8. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising: a wave plate configured to rotate the incoming laser beam 90 degrees to form plane polarized light such that the polarization unit can distinguish between the outgoing laser beam and the incoming laser beam. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the detector is further configured to measure intensities of radiation of the plurality of wavelengths reflected from the one or more retro-reflectors. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a control unit configured to measure at least a first difference in phase between outgoing radiation of a first wavelength and incoming radiation of a first reflected wavelength,measure at least a second difference in phase between outgoing radiation of a second wavelength and incoming radiation of a second reflected wavelength, andcompare differences between at least the first difference in phase and the second difference in phase to determine a concentration of a specie of interest. 11. A method, comprising: generating, at a source, an outgoing laser beam comprising a plurality of wavelengths that is transmitted to one or more retro-reflectors; andreceiving, at a detector, an incoming laser beam comprising a plurality of wavelengths reflected from the one or more retro-reflectors to detect chemical species, develop a two or three dimensional map of species concentrations or both, using at least one absorption path, whereinthe source and the detector are collocated at one end of the at least one absorption path and the one or more retro-reflectors mounted on one or more piloted vehicles are located at another end of the at least one absorption path, and the source and the detector are located on a vehicle separate from the one or more doted vehicles comprising the one or more retro-reflectors. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the outgoing laser beam comprises radiation of at least a first wavelength and a second wavelength configured to measure different absorption strengths. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising: simultaneously or successively generating, at the source, radiation of at least a first wavelength and a second wavelength for a specie of interest; andcombining the radiation of the at least first and second wavelengths to produce the outgoing laser beam. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising: generating radiation of m wavelengths for measuring different absorption strengths of n species, where the m wavelengths is n, or m is another number greater than n. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising: directing, by a pointer, the outgoing laser beam to the one or more retro-reflectors and directing the incoming laser beam to a polarization unit. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising: rotating, at a wave plate, the incoming laser beam 90 degrees to form plane polarized light such that the polarization unit can distinguish between the outgoing laser beam and the incoming laser beam. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising: distinguishing, at the polarization unit, between the outgoing laser beam and the incoming laser beam, directing the outgoing laser beam from the source to the pointer, and directing the incoming laser beam from the pointer to the detector. 18. The method of claim 11, further comprising: measuring, at a first detector and at a second detector, intensities of radiation of at least a first reflected wavelength and a second reflected wavelength of the incoming laser beam, respectively. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising: measuring intensities of radiation of the at least first wavelength and second wavelength of the outgoing laser beam before the outgoing laser beam is transmitted to the one or more retro-reflectors. 20. The method of claim 11, further comprising: measuring at least a first difference in phase between outgoing radiation of a first wavelength and incoming radiation of a first reflected wavelength;measuring at least a second difference in phase between outgoing radiation of a second wavelength and incoming radiation of a second reflected wavelength; andcomparing differences between at least the first difference and the second difference to determine a concentration of a specie of interest. 21. An apparatus, comprising: a plurality of laser units configured to generate radiation of at least a first wavelength and a second wavelength for a specie of interest;a transceiver configured to transmit a laser beam comprising the radiation of at least the first wavelength and the second wavelength to one or more retro-reflectors, receive a reflected laser beam comprising radiation of at least a first reflected wavelength and a second reflected wavelength from the one or more retro-reflectors; anda plurality of detectors configured to receive the radiation of at least the first reflected wavelength and the second reflected wavelength, and detect chemical species, develop a two or three dimensional map of species concentrations. or both. using at least one absorption path, andthe apparatus comprising the plurality of laser units, the transceiver, and the plurality of detectors is a vehicle separate from one or more piloted vehicles comprising the one or more retro-reflectors. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the laser beam comprises the radiation of the at least first wavelength and second wavelength, and the reflected laser beam comprises the radiation of the at least first reflected wavelength and second reflected wavelength. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, further comprising: a multiplexer configured to combine the radiation of the at least first wavelength and second wavelength to form the laser beam; anda demultiplexer configured to separate the radiation of the at least first reflected wavelength and second reflected wavelength. 24. The apparatus of claim 21, further comprising: a pointer configured to direct the laser beam to the one or more retro-reflectors and receive and redirect the reflected laser beam from the one or more retro-reflectors. 25. The apparatus of claim 21, further comprising: a reference detector configured to measure intensities of the radiation of the at least first wavelength and second wavelength before the laser beam is transmitted to the one or more retro-reflectors. 26. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the plurality of detectors are further configured to measure intensities of the radiation of the at least first reflected wavelength and second reflected wavelength for the specie of interest. 27. The apparatus of claim 21, further comprising: a control unit configured to measure at least a first difference in phase between outgoing radiation of the first wavelength and incoming radiation of the first reflected wavelength,measure at least a second difference in phase between outgoing radiation of the second wavelength and incoming radiation of the second reflected wavelength, andcompare differences between at least the first and second difference to determine a concentration of the specie of interest. 28. The apparatus of claim 21, further comprising: a control unit configured to measure differences in phase between radiation of an mth wavelength of the transmitted laser beam before the transmitted laser beam is transmitted to the one or more retro-reflectors and radiation of a corresponding mth reflected wavelength of the reflected laser beam; andcompare differences in phase between the radiation of the outgoing and incoming wavelengths for the m wavelengths used to determine concentrations of n different species of interest, where m is n, or m is another number greater than n. 29. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more piloted vehicles comprise one or more remotely piloted vehicles. 30. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more piloted vehicles comprise one or more autonomously piloted vehicles. 31. The method of claim 11, wherein the one or more piloted vehicles comprise one or more remotely piloted vehicles. 32. The method of claim 11, wherein the one or more piloted vehicles comprise one or more autonomously piloted vehicles. 33. A system, comprising at least one source configured to generate a laser beam that is transmitted to at least one detector, whereinthe at least one detectors is configured to receive the laser beam from the source, and detect chemical species, develop a two or three dimensional map of species concentrations, or both, using at least one absorption path,the at least one source is located at one end of the at least one absorption path and the at least one detector mounted on one or more piloted vehicles are located at another end of the at least one absorption path, andthe at least one source and the at least one detector are located on separate vehicles. 34. The system of claim 33, wherein the one or more piloted vehicles comprise one or more remotely piloted vehicles. 35. The system of claim 33, wherein the one or more piloted vehicles comprise one or more autonomously piloted vehicles. 36. An apparatus, comprising: at least one source configured to generate at least one outgoing laser beam comprising a plurality of wavelengths transmitted to at least one retro-reflector; andat least one detector configured to receive at least one incoming laser beam comprising a plurality of wavelengths reflected from the at least one retro-reflector, and detect chemical species, develop a two or three dimensional map of species concentrations, or both, using at least one absorption path, whereinthe at least one source and the at least one detector are collocated at one end of the at least one absorption path and the at least one retro-reflector mounted on at least one piloted vehicle is located at another end of the at least one absorption path, andthe apparatus comprising the at least one source and the at least one detector is a vehicle separate from the at least one piloted vehicle comprising the at least one retro-reflector.
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