IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
|
국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 |
US-0348337
(2012-01-11)
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등록번호 |
US-8865356
(2014-10-21)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
- Berntsen, George
- Ghezel-Ayagh, Hossein
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출원인 / 주소 |
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대리인 / 주소 |
Cowan, Liebowitz & Latman, P.C.
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인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
0 인용 특허 :
4 |
초록
▼
A hybrid fuel cell system comprising a high temperature fuel cell having an anode section and a cathode section, a gas turbine comprising a compressor cycle for compressing a supply gas and an expansion cycle for expanding one of heated compressed supply gas and a second gas derived from the compres
A hybrid fuel cell system comprising a high temperature fuel cell having an anode section and a cathode section, a gas turbine comprising a compressor cycle for compressing a supply gas and an expansion cycle for expanding one of heated compressed supply gas and a second gas derived from the compressed supply gas to provide mechanical energy to an induction machine, and an induction machine for converting mechanical energy to electrical energy and adapted to output an electrical output.
대표청구항
▼
1. A hybrid fuel cell system comprising: a high temperature fuel cell having an anode section and a cathode section;a gas turbine comprising a compressor cycle for compressing a supply gas and an expansion cycle for expanding at least one of heated compressed supply gas and a second gas derived from
1. A hybrid fuel cell system comprising: a high temperature fuel cell having an anode section and a cathode section;a gas turbine comprising a compressor cycle for compressing a supply gas and an expansion cycle for expanding at least one of heated compressed supply gas and a second gas derived from the compressed supply gas to provide mechanical energy to an induction machine;the induction machine for converting mechanical energy to electrical energy and adapted to output an electrical output and to connect to an electrical grid; anda controller programmed to control connecting and disconnecting of the induction machine to and from the electrical grid based on at least a speed of a rotor of the induction machine and an amount of heat produced by the high temperature fuel cell. 2. A hybrid fuel cell system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the induction machine is adapted to be connected to an electrical grid without synchronizing equipment and wherein the system does not include speed controls for the gas turbine. 3. A hybrid fuel cell system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the gas turbine is an unfired gas turbine and the supply gas comprises one of air and oxidant gas. 4. A hybrid fuel cell system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the induction machine is a three-phase 4-pole induction machine having a predetermined size to match the gas turbine. 5. A hybrid fuel cell system in accordance with claim 4, wherein the high temperature fuel cell is a mega-Watt scale fuel cell power plant and the predetermined size of the induction machine is at least 300 kW. 6. A hybrid fuel cell system in accordance with claim 5, wherein one of: (a) the high temperature fuel cell comprises a 1.8 MW fuel cell power plant and the predetermined size of the induction machine is 325 kW; and(b) the high temperature fuel cell comprises a 3.2 MW fuel cell power plant and the predetermined size of the induction machine is 650 kW. 7. A hybrid fuel cell system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the induction machine operates as an induction motor during a heat-up operation of the high temperature fuel cell and operates as an induction generator during a normal operation of the high temperature fuel cell. 8. A hybrid fuel cell system in accordance with claim 7, further comprising balance of plant components, wherein the induction machine provides electrical output to the balance of plant components when the induction machine operates as the induction generator. 9. A hybrid fuel cell system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the system further comprises: a generator output breaker for connecting and disconnecting the induction machine from the electrical grid; andthe controller controls opening and closing of the generator output breaker. 10. A hybrid fuel cell system in accordance with claim 9, wherein: (a) during a heat-up operation of the high temperature fuel cell, the controller controls the generator output breaker to close if the high temperature fuel cell produces a predetermined amount of waste heat and the speed of the rotor of the induction machine is less than a first predetermined speed, the controller controls the generator output breaker to open if the high temperature fuel cell produces at least the predetermined amount of waste heat and the speed of the rotor is greater than or equal to the first predetermined speed and less than a second predetermined speed, and the controller controls the generator output breaker to close if the speed of the rotor is greater than the second predetermined speed, the second predetermined speed being greater than the first predetermined speed; and(b) during normal operation of the high temperature fuel cell, the controller controls the generator output breaker to close. 11. A hybrid fuel cell system in accordance with claim 10, wherein the predetermined amount of waste heat is sufficient for operating the gas turbine, the first predetermined speed is 50% of a grid synchronous operating speed of the induction machine and the second predetermined speed is 95% of the grid synchronous operating speed of the induction machine. 12. A hybrid fuel cell system in accordance with claim 1, wherein: the high temperature fuel cell is adapted to connect to an electrical grid and comprises a plurality of fuel cell stacks; andthe system comprises at least one transformer for connecting the high temperature fuel cell and the induction machine to the electrical grid. 13. A hybrid fuel cell system in accordance with claim 12, wherein the transformer comprises a three-phase transformer for connecting the high temperature fuel cell and the induction machine to the electrical grid, and the system further comprises: a breaker for connecting the three-phase transformer to the electrical grid and for disconnecting the three-phase transformer from the electrical grid,wherein the controller controls the opening and closing of the breaker. 14. A hybrid fuel cell system in accordance with claim 1, wherein: the compressor cycle of the gas turbine compresses the supply gas comprising one or more of oxidant gas and air and outputs compressed supply gas; the system further comprises at least one heat recovery unit for recovering heat from at least one of cathode exhaust and anode exhaust and for heating the compressed supply gas; andthe expansion cycle expands the heated compressed supply gas and provides mechanical energy to the induction machine. 15. The hybrid fuel cell system in accordance with claim 14, further comprising an oxidizer adapted to receive anode exhaust and expanded supply gas output from the expansion cycle, and to catalytically oxidize the anode exhaust with the expanded supply gas so as to output heated oxidant gas, wherein the compressed supply gas is heated using cathode exhaust in the heat recovery unit and further heated using the heated oxidant gas output from the oxidizer. 16. A hybrid fuel cell system in accordance with claim 1, wherein: the compressor cycle of the gas turbine compresses the supply gas comprising one or more of oxidant gas and air, and outputs compressed supply gas;the system further comprises an oxidizer adapted to receive anode exhaust from the high temperature fuel cell and the compressed supply gas and to output the second gas comprising heated compressed oxidant gas; andthe expansion cycle expands the second gas, provides mechanical energy to the induction machine and outputs expanded oxidant gas to the cathode section of the high temperature fuel cell. 17. A hybrid fuel cell system in accordance with claim 16, further comprising at least one heat recovery unit for recovering heat from at least one of cathode exhaust and anode exhaust and further heating the second gas prior to expanding the second gas in the expansion cycle. 18. A method for use with a hybrid fuel cell system comprising a high temperature fuel cell having an anode section and a cathode section, a gas turbine comprising a compressor cycle and an expansion cycle and an induction machine, the method comprising: providing a supply gas to the gas turbine;compressing the supply gas in the compressor cycle of the gas turbine;generating one of heated compressed supply gas and a second gas derived from the compressed supply gas using waste heat from the high temperature fuel cell;expanding the one of the heated compressed supply gas and the second gas in the expansion cycle of the gas turbine to provide mechanical energy to the induction machine;converting mechanical energy to electrical energy using the induction machine, wherein the induction machine is adapted to connect to an electrical grid; andcontrolling connecting and disconnecting of the induction machine to and from the electrical grid based on at least a speed of a rotor of the induction machine and an amount of heat produced by the high temperature fuel cell. 19. A method in accordance with claim 18, further comprising outputting electrical energy from the induction machine to an electrical grid without using synchronizing equipment, and wherein the hybrid fuel cell system does not include speed controls for the gas turbine. 20. A method in accordance with claim 18, wherein: the gas turbine is an unfired gas turbine;the step of providing the supply gas comprises providing at least one of air and oxidant gas; andsaid method further comprises providing fuel and oxidant gases to the high temperature fuel cell, wherein the oxidant gas provided to the high temperature fuel cell comprises one gas turbine exhaust and a third gas derived from gas turbine exhaust. 21. A method in accordance with claim 18, wherein the induction machine operates as an induction motor during a heat-up operation of the high temperature fuel cell, and operates as an induction generator during a normal operation of the high temperature fuel cell, and the hybrid fuel cell system comprises balance of plant components, the method further comprising: outputting electrical power from the induction machine during the normal operation of the high temperature fuel cell and providing at least a portion of the electrical power to balance of plant components. 22. A method in accordance with claim 18, wherein the induction machine is adapted to connect to the electrical grid using a generator output breaker and wherein the step of controlling comprises controlling opening and closing of the generator output breaker based on at least one of the speed of the rotor of the induction machine and the amount of heat produced by the high temperature fuel cell. 23. A method in accordance with claim 22, wherein controlling the opening and closing of the generator output breaker comprises at least one of: (a) during a heat-up operation of the high temperature fuel cell, controlling the generator output breaker to close if the high temperature fuel cell produces a predetermined amount of waste heat and the speed of the rotor of the induction machine is less than a first predetermined speed, controlling the generator output breaker to open if the high temperature fuel cell produces at least the predetermined amount of waste heat and the speed of the rotor is greater than or equal to the first predetermined speed and less than a second predetermined speed, and controlling the generator output breaker to close if the speed of the rotor is greater than the second predetermined speed, the second predetermined speed being greater than the first predetermined speed; and(b) during normal operation of the high temperature fuel cell, controlling the generator output breaker to close during the normal operation of the high temperature fuel cell. 24. A method in accordance with claim 23, wherein the predetermined amount of waste heat is sufficient for operating the gas turbine, the first predetermined speed is 50% of a grid synchronous operating speed of the induction machine and the second predetermined speed is 95% of the grid synchronous operating speed of the induction machine. 25. A method in accordance with claim 18, further comprising: catalytically oxidizing anode exhaust and expanded supply gas output from the gas turbine to produce heated oxidant gas,wherein:the supply gas comprises one of air and oxidant gas, andthe step of generating comprises heating the compressed supply gas using heat from at least one of anode exhaust and cathode exhaust in a heat recovery unit, and further heating the compressed supply gas using the heated oxidant gas output from the oxidizer. 26. A method in accordance with claim 18, wherein: the supply gas comprises one of oxidant gas and air;the step of generating comprises catalytically oxidizing anode exhaust and compressed supply gas to generate the second gas derived from the compressed supply gas and comprising heated compressed oxidant gas; andthe step of expanding comprises expanding the second gas to provide mechanical energy to the induction machine and to provide expanded second gas for use in the cathode section of the high temperature fuel cell. 27. A hybrid fuel cell system comprising: a high temperature fuel cell having an anode section and a cathode section;a gas turbine comprising a compressor cycle for compressing a supply gas and an expansion cycle for expanding at least one of heated compressed supply gas and a second gas derived from the compressed supply gas to provide mechanical energy to an induction machine;the induction machine for converting mechanical energy to electrical energy and adapted to output an electrical output and to connect to an electrical grid; anda controller programmed to control connecting and disconnecting of the induction machine to and from the electrical grid based on one or more of: one or more predetermined conditions of the hybrid fuel cell system, and one or more predetermined conditions of the electrical grid.
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