IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
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국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 |
US-0490629
(2012-06-07)
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등록번호 |
US-8887504
(2014-11-18)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
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출원인 / 주소 |
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인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
1 인용 특허 :
3 |
초록
▼
A novel Biomass Combustion Unit apparatus purposefully designed to be uniquely fueled with Non-To-Minimally Fractionalized Biomass for the intentional production of heat for conversion to a multiplicity of useful energy forms. More particularly, said apparatus provides useful heat for: (i) Power Gen
A novel Biomass Combustion Unit apparatus purposefully designed to be uniquely fueled with Non-To-Minimally Fractionalized Biomass for the intentional production of heat for conversion to a multiplicity of useful energy forms. More particularly, said apparatus provides useful heat for: (i) Power Generation, (ii) Heating Applications, (iii) Cogeneration or Combined Heat and Power (CHP), (iv) Trigeneration or Combined Cooling, Heat, and Power (CCHP), (v) Mechanical Energy and (vi) Facilitating the production of Biofuels. Additionally, methods and systems are presented wherein the abovementioned forms of energy deploy organic and inorganic working fluids, in both Subcritical and Supercritical Power Generation Cycles, via Organic Rankine Cycle and a modified Rankine Cycles, respectively. Further, Woody Biomass Energy Crops and Biofuel components are presented as well.
대표청구항
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1. A biomass fueled combustion apparatus wherein the biomass does not require processing to produce useful heat, the apparatus comprising: an enclosed burn box, wherein said biomass is not exposed to outside weather or in contact with the ground;said biomass combusting inside the enclosed burn to pr
1. A biomass fueled combustion apparatus wherein the biomass does not require processing to produce useful heat, the apparatus comprising: an enclosed burn box, wherein said biomass is not exposed to outside weather or in contact with the ground;said biomass combusting inside the enclosed burn to produce heat, wherein said biomass combusting does not rely on an open topped air curtain;water jacketing around the top, bottom and sides of said burn box, wherein water inside the jacketing is in thermal communication with said heat from said combusting biomass;pumps configured for the circulation of said water through said jacketing, wherein portions of said heat from the biomass combusting produce hot water for useful purposes comprising:residential, agricultural, commercial, and industrial heating applications,power generation,cooling applications,cogeneration defined as combined heat and power (CHP),trigeneration defined as combined cooling, heat, and power (CCHP),mechanical power, orbiofuel production applications;insulation around the top, bottom, and sides of said apparatus minimizing heat losses and maximizing the capture of said heat;an external shell enclosing the top, bottom, and sides of said apparatus, wherein protecting from external damages and preventing exposure to the outside weather of the insulation, said water jacketing, said burn box, and said biomass combusting;opening and closing doors on the upper exterior of said apparatus configured to allow depositing said biomass into the upper portion of said burn box and preventing said biomass combusting within the lower half of said burn box from exiting when the doors are opened;thermal ceramics configured on the interior side of said doors;blower(s) configured to provide forced ambient air cooling of said doors, wherein rejected heat from the cooling of said doors heats the air providing a preheated, horizontal flowing, over fire combustion input air curtain when the doors are closed and a downward and horizontal flow of the preheated air over said biomass combusting when the doors are open, the air curtain preventing escape of hot flue gases and particulate matter from said combusting biomass, reducing heat loss, and blowing clear biomass debris which might otherwise impede the closing of said doors;individual water cooled biomass grates inside the lower portion of said burn box configured to withstand routine concentrated impact loads from said biomass dropping into the lower portion of said burn box from said upper mounted doors and to support said biomass, wherein said grates are spaced approximately 18″ on center and slant upward on alternating opposing angles allowing a convection driven upward vertical flow of said water in thermal communication with said jacketing and aiding capture of useful heat to said water, said slanted angle further prevents trapping and vaporizing of said water and thermal stress failure of said biomass grates;ash grates configured below said biomass grates and above ash augers comprising ash trays to remove ash from said combustion apparatus, wherein the ash grates, augers and ash trays are in thermal communication with said water;additional augers inside piping outside said apparatus configured in communication with the ash for conveying said ash to totes, wherein said totes said ash is contained for later useful purposes;an exhaust opening configured in the upper half of said burn box allowing exit of hot flue gases from said biomass combusting;a double walled lower stack connecting to the exhaust opening in thermal communication with the hot flue gases via an interior section of the double walled lower stack, wherein thermal ceramics line the interior section exposed to the hot flue gases protecting said double walled pipe from thermal stress;blower(s) configured for providing forced ambient air cooling of the area between said inner and outer walls of said double walled lower stack;a duct system configured to transfer heated exhausting air from between said inner and outer walls of said double walled lower stack to a plurality of openings in the lower section of said burn box, wherein the openings are beneath said biomass grates, above said ash grates, trays and augers and are providing forced preheated under fire combustion input air;a heat exchanger in thermal communication with the hot exhausting flue gases connecting with said interior section of said double walled lower stack, wherein the heat exchanger, using heat from said hot exhausting flue gases, captures said heat from said hot exhausting flue gases for useful purposes comprising:residential, agricultural, commercial, and industrial heating applications,power generation,cooling applications,cogeneration defined as combined heat and power (CHP),trigeneration defined as combined cooling, heat, and power (CCHP),mechanical power, orbiofuel production applications; andan upper stack connecting to the exhaust side of said heat exchanger, wherein cooled flue gases are released to the atmosphere. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said biomass comprises: crude, unrefined, and non-homogenous wood,wood having no uniformity,diverse sizes, shapes, moisture contents, varieties, and species of wood,wasted, unused, or nonmerchantable biomass remaining after timbering and logging operations,slash bundles wherein slash bundles are defined as bundled biomass containing a mix of forestry residue including limbs, tops, leaves, needles, partially rotted limbs and other biomass residues,waste biomass resulting from land clearing, arborist activities, road right-of-way and power line tree pruning and removal,biomass subject to silviculture or forestry practices having no merchantable value,biomass subject to open burning,biomass subject to prescribed burns,biomass subject to air curtain incineration,biomass subject to land filling,biomass grown as an energy crop, orprocessed biomass. 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said biomass comprises woody and non-woody biomass. 4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the water within the water jacketing further comprises corrosion inhibitors, propylene or ethylene glycol based hydronic heat transfer fluids, or heat transfer medium fluids. 5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said doors comprise a hydraulic system for opening and closing of said doors. 6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the majority of heat produced by the combusting biomass within said enclosed burn box is captured via: (i) the hot flue gases in thermal communication with said heat exchanger and (ii) the water jacketing in thermal communication with the burn box, wherein providing useful heat comprising: residential, agricultural, commercial, and industrial heating applications,power generation,cooling applications,cogeneration defined as combined heat and power (CHP),trigeneration defined as combined cooling, heat, and power (CCHP),mechanical power, orbiofuel production applications. 7. A method wherein the hot flue gases produced by the apparatus of claim 1 cogenerate useful electricity and heat, said method comprising the steps of: carrying out a supercritical modified Rankine cycle by:pressurizing Carbon Dioxide (CO2) as a working fluid, wherein the working fluid is further known by its ASHRAE Number: R-744 and is not a zeotrophic mixture;heating the working fluid to a supercritical phase;expanding and reducing the pressure of said supercritical working fluid using a positive displacement mechanical device to generate mechanical power;condensing said working fluid to a liquid state;transferring portions of said mechanical power to a generator;generating electricity using said generator; andcapturing as useful heat, said useful heat comprising at least a portion of said heat liberated in said condensing substep of said modified Rankine cycle. 8. The method of claim 7 wherein a counter-flow energy recovery heat exchanger within the supply and return streams of said working fluid aids both the heating and condensing of said working fluid substeps of said modified Rankine Cycle. 9. The method of claim 7 wherein said condensing substep of said modified Rankine cycle is carried out with the aid of cooling water from a well. 10. The method of claim 7 wherein the biomass comprises: crude, unrefined, and non-homogenous wood,wood having no uniformity,diverse sizes, shapes, moisture contents, varieties, and species of wood,wasted, unused, or nonmerchantable biomass remaining after timbering and logging operations,slash bundles wherein slash bundles are defined as bundled biomass containing a mix of forestry residue including limbs, tops, leaves, needles, partially rotted limbs and other biomass residues,waste biomass resulting from land clearing, arborist activities, road right-of-way and power line tree pruning and removal,biomass subject to silviculture or forestry practices having no merchantable value,biomass subject to open burning,biomass subject to prescribed burns,biomass subject to air curtain incineration,biomass subject to land filling,biomass grown as an energy crop, orprocessed biomass. 11. The method of claim 7 wherein the biomass comprises woody and non-woody biomass. 12. A system of claim 7 wherein the hot flue gases produced by the apparatus cogenerate useful electricity and heat, said system comprising: a modified Rankine cycle heat engine thermally coupled to the heat exchanger of said apparatus;said modified Rankine cycle heat engine comprised of:a pump for pressurizing Carbon Dioxide (CO2) used as a working fluid, wherein the working fluid is further known by its ASHRAE Number R-744 and is not a zeotrophic mixture;a heat exchanger coupled to said pump for heating the working fluid to a supercritical phase;a positive displacement mechanical device coupled to said heat exchanger for generating mechanical power using said working fluid;a generator mechanically coupled to said positive displacement mechanical device for generating electricity; anda condensing heat exchanger coupled to a positive displacement mechanical device to liberate heat and to capture at least at portion of said heat for a useful purpose. 13. The system of claim 12 wherein a counter-flow energy recovery heat exchanger within the supply and return streams of said working fluid aids both the heating and condensing of said working fluid substeps of said modified Rankine cycle. 14. The system of claim 12 wherein condensing of said working fluid is carried out with the aid of cooling water from a well. 15. The system of claim 12 wherein the biomass comprises: crude, unrefined, and non-homogenous wood,wood having no uniformity,diverse sizes, shapes, moisture contents, varieties, and species of wood,wasted, unused, or nonmerchantable biomass remaining after timbering and logging operations,slash bundles wherein slash bundles are defined as bundled biomass containing a mix of forestry residue including limbs, tops, leaves, needles, partially rotted limbs and other biomass residues,waste biomass resulting from land clearing, arborist activities, road right-of-way and power line tree pruning and removal,biomass subject to silviculture or forestry practices having no merchantable value,biomass subject to open burning,biomass subject to prescribed burns,biomass subject to air curtain incineration,biomass subject to land filling,biomass grown as an energy crop, orprocessed biomass. 16. The system of claim 12 wherein the biomass comprises woody and non-woody biomass. 17. A method wherein the hot water produced by the apparatus of claim 1 cogenerates useful electricity and heat, said method comprising the steps of: carrying out an organic Rankine Cycle by:pressurizing a liquid organic refrigerant used as a working fluid, wherein the working fluid is not a zeotrophic mixture;boiling said organic refrigerant using heat from said hot water;expanding and reducing the pressure of said boiling organic refrigerant using a positive displacement mechanical device to generate mechanical power; andcondensing said organic refrigerant to a liquid state thereby liberating heat; andtransferring at least a portion of said mechanical power to a generator;generating electricity using said generator andcapturing as useful heat, said useful heat comprising at least a portion of said heat liberated in said condensing substep of said organic Rankine Cycle. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein the hot water further comprising corrosion inhibitors, propylene or ethylene glycol based hydronic heat transfer fluids, or heat transfer medium fluids. 19. The method of claim 17 wherein said condensing substep of said modified Rankine Cycle is carried out with the aid of cooling water from a well. 20. The method of claim 17 wherein the biomass comprises: crude, unrefined, and non-homogenous wood,wood having no uniformity,diverse sizes, shapes, moisture contents, varieties, and species of wood,wasted, unused, or nonmerchantable biomass remaining after timbering and logging operations,slash bundles wherein slash bundles are defined as bundled biomass containing a mix of forestry residue including limbs, tops, leaves, needles, partially rotted limbs and other biomass residues,waste biomass resulting from land clearing, arborist activities, road right-of-way and power line tree pruning and removal,biomass subject to silviculture or forestry practices having no merchantable value,biomass subject to open burning,biomass subject to prescribed burns,biomass subject to air curtain incineration,biomass subject to land filling,biomass grown as an energy crop, orprocessed biomass. 21. The method of claim 17 wherein the biomass comprises woody and non-woody biomass. 22. A system of claim 17 wherein the hot water produced from the combustion apparatus cogenerates useful electricity and heat, said system comprising: an organic Rankine cycle heat generator thermally coupled to said hot water, said organic Rankine cycle heat generator comprising:a pump for pressurizing liquid organic refrigerant used as a working fluid, wherein the working fluid is not a zeotrophic mixture;a heat exchanger coupled to said pump for vaporizing said organic refrigerant in thermal proximity of said heat transfer medium,a positive displacement mechanical device coupled to said heat exchanger for generating mechanical power using said organic refrigerant,a condensing heat exchanger coupled to said positive displacement mechanical device to liberate heat and to capture at least a portion of said heat for a useful purposes, anda generator mechanically coupled to said positive displacement mechanical device for generating electricity. 23. The system of claim 22 wherein the water further comprises corrosion inhibitors, propylene or ethylene glycol based hydronic heat transfer fluids, or heat transfer medium fluids. 24. The system of claim 22 further comprising a well coupled to said condensing heat exchanger for supplying cold water to condense said organic refrigerant. 25. The system of claim 22 wherein the biomass comprises: crude, unrefined, and non-homogenous wood,wood having no uniformity,diverse sizes, shapes, moisture contents, varieties, and species of wood,wasted, unused, or nonmerchantable biomass remaining after timbering and logging operations,slash bundles wherein slash bundles are defined as bundled biomass containing a mix of forestry residue including limbs, tops, leaves, needles, partially rotted limbs and other biomass residues,waste biomass resulting from land clearing, arborist activities, road right-of-way and power line tree pruning and removal,biomass subject to silviculture or forestry practices having no merchantable value,biomass subject to open burning,biomass subject to prescribed burns,biomass subject to air curtain incineration,biomass subject to land filling,biomass grown as an energy crop, orprocessed biomass. 26. The system of claim 22 wherein the biomass comprises woody and non-woody biomass.
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