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A vehicle detection system is provided for tracking, detecting, and monitoring vehicles. The system and methods of the present invention are suitable for on-track and roadway vehicles. In particular the present invention provides an improved and cost effective system and methods for tracking, detect

A vehicle detection system is provided for tracking, detecting, and monitoring vehicles. The system and methods of the present invention are suitable for on-track and roadway vehicles. In particular the present invention provides an improved and cost effective system and methods for tracking, detecting and monitoring locomotives and on-track vehicles.

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1. A railroad train detection system comprising: a train detection zone comprising a railroad track and further comprising a plurality of detection zone limits;a plurality of sensor devices positioned so that a railroad train on the railroad track passing through one of the plurality of detection zo

1. A railroad train detection system comprising: a train detection zone comprising a railroad track and further comprising a plurality of detection zone limits;a plurality of sensor devices positioned so that a railroad train on the railroad track passing through one of the plurality of detection zone limits is within sensing range of at least one of the plurality of sensor devices, wherein each sensor device comprises:a first anisotropic magnetoresistive (AMR) sensor configured to generate detection zone limit AMR waveform data representative of changes in a generally constant magnetic field environment due to the presence of a railroad train within a sensing range of the first AMR sensor; andsignal processing apparatus comprising a first microprocessor coupled to a data transmitter, wherein the first microprocessor is configured to process detection zone limit AMR waveform data generated by the first AMR sensor to generate detection zone limit vehicle detection data and further wherein the data transmitter is configured to transmit detection zone limit vehicle detection data generated by the first microprocessor; anda control processor, wherein the control processor is configured to:receive detection zone limit vehicle detection data transmitted by the plurality of sensor devices; anddetermine whether a train is present in the train detection zone based on received detection zone limit vehicle detection data. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the detection zone limit AMR waveform data generated by each AMR sensor is one-dimensional waveform data. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the detection zone limit AMR waveform data generated by each AMR sensor is multi-dimensional waveform data. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein each sensor device comprises a second AMR sensor configured to generate detection zone limit AMR waveform data representative of changes in a generally constant magnetic field environment due to the presence of a railroad train within a sensing range of the second AMR sensor and further wherein the signal processing apparatus first microprocessor is configured to process detection zone limit AMR waveform data generated by the second AMR sensor to generate detection zone limit vehicle detection data. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the detection zone limit AMR waveform data generated by the first AMR sensor is analog detection zone limit AMR waveform data and further wherein the signal processing apparatus further comprises: an analog to digital converter coupled to the first AMR sensor and configured to convert analog detection zone limit AMR waveform data to digital detection zone limit AMR waveform data. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the control processor is further configured to control an active warning device switching between a normal state and an alarm state at a railroad track crossing within the detection zone based on detection zone limit vehicle detection data received from the plurality of detection zone limit sensor devices. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the control processor is further configured to control a train signal device switching between a normal state and an alarm state to control train speed on routes which include the detection zone based on detection zone limit vehicle detection data received from the plurality of detection zone limit sensor devices. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensor devices comprises a first pair of sensor devices positioned so that a railroad train on the railroad track passing through a first detection zone limit is within sensing range of each sensor device in the first pair of sensor devices, further wherein the plurality of sensor devices further comprises a second pair of sensor devices positioned so that a railroad train on the railroad track passing through a second detection zone limit is within sensing range of each sensor device in the second pair of sensor devices. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein each sensor device further comprises a bias compensator configured to compensate for changes in each sensor device AMR sensor due to at least one of the following: environmental variations;flux density variations;humidity variations;temperature variations;component variations;supply voltage variations. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the control processor is further configured to determine at least one of the following based on received detection zone limit vehicle detection data: speed of a train in the detection zone;direction of movement of a train in the detection zone;length of a train in the detection zone;size of a train in the detection zone;stopping and reversing direction by a train in the detection zone;stopping of a train in the detection zone;changes in speed of a train in the detection zone;decoupling of one or more train cars by a train in the detection zone;representation of one or more magnetic fields in the detection zone. 11. A system for detecting railroad trains in a train detection zone comprising a railroad track and further comprising first and second detection zone limits, the system comprising: a first pair of sensor devices mounted in proximity to the first detection zone limit, wherein each sensor device in the first pair of sensor devices comprises:a first anisotropic magnetoresistive (AMR) sensor having a sensing range and configured to generate first detection zone limit AMR waveform data representative of changes in a generally constant magnetic field environment due to the presence of a railroad train within the first AMR sensor sensing range;a second AMR sensor having a sensing range and configured to generate first detection zone limit AMR waveform data representative of changes in a generally constant magnetic field environment due to the presence of a railroad train within the second AMR sensor sensing range; andfirst signal processing apparatus comprising a first microprocessor module coupled to the first and second AMR sensors and to a first wireless data transmitter, wherein the first microprocessor module is configured to process first detection zone limit AMR waveform data generated by the first and second AMR sensors to generate first detection zone limit vehicle detection data and further wherein the first wireless data transmitter is configured to wirelessly transmit first detection zone limit vehicle detection data generated by the first microprocessor;wherein each sensor device in the first pair of sensor devices is positioned so that a railroad train on the railroad track passing through the first detection zone limit is within the first AMR sensor sensing range and within the second AMR sensor sensing range;a second pair of sensor devices mounted in proximity to the second detection zone limit, wherein each sensor device in the second pair of sensor devices comprises:a third AMR sensor having a sensing range and configured to generate second detection zone limit AMR waveform data representative of changes in a generally constant magnetic field environment due to the presence of a railroad train within the third AMR sensor sensing range;a fourth AMR sensor having a sensing range and configured to generate second detection zone limit AMR waveform data representative of changes in a generally constant magnetic field environment due to the presence of a railroad train within the fourth AMR sensor sensing range; andsecond signal processing apparatus comprising a second microprocessor module coupled to the third and fourth AMR sensors and to a second wireless data transmitter, wherein the second microprocessor module is configured to process second detection zone limit AMR waveform data generated by the third and fourth AMR sensors to generate second detection zone limit vehicle detection data and further wherein the second wireless data transmitter is configured to wirelessly transmit second detection zone limit vehicle detection data generated by the second microprocessor;wherein each sensor device in the second pair of sensor devices is positioned so that a railroad train on the railroad track passing through the second detection zone limit is within the third AMR sensor sensing range and within the fourth AMR sensor sensing range; anda detection zone control processor comprising a vital processing device comprising first and second redundant microprocessors, wherein the detection zone control processor is configured to:receive first detection zone limit vehicle detection data transmitted by the first pair of sensor devices and to receive second detection zone limit vehicle detection data transmitted by the second pair of sensor devices; anddetermine whether a train is present in the train detection zone based on received first and second detection zone limit vehicle detection data. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein first and second detection zone limit vehicle detection data comprise information pertaining to one or more of the following: speed of a detected train;direction of movement of a detected train;length of a detected train;size of a detected train. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the detection zone control processor is configured to control normal state and alarm state operation of an active warning device at a railroad track crossing within the detection zone by comparing and processing first detection zone limit vehicle detection data received from the first pair of sensor devices and second detection zone limit vehicle detection data received from the second pair of sensor devices. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the detection zone control processor is configured to control normal state and alarm state operation of an train signal device to control train speed on routes which include the detection zone by comparing and processing first detection zone limit vehicle detection data received from the first pair of sensor devices and second detection zone limit vehicle detection data received from the second pair of sensor devices. 15. A method for determining whether a train detection zone is occupied, the train detection zone comprising a railroad track and first and second detection zone limits, the method comprising: generating first detection zone limit AMR waveform data using a plurality of first detection zone limit AMR sensors, wherein each first detection zone limit AMR sensor is positioned to generate waveform data representing a railroad train vehicle on the railroad track passing through the first detection zone limit;generating first detection zone limit vehicle detection data by processing generated first detection zone limit AMR waveform data from the plurality of first detection zone limit AMR sensors;transmitting generated first detection zone limit vehicle detection data to a detection zone control processor;generating second detection zone limit AMR waveform data using a plurality of second detection zone limit AMR sensors, wherein each second detection zone limit AMR sensor is positioned to generate waveform data representing a railroad train vehicle on the railroad track passing through the second detection zone limit;generating second detection zone limit vehicle detection data by processing generated second detection zone limit AMR waveform data from the plurality of second detection zone limit AMR sensors;transmitting generated second detection zone limit vehicle detection data to a detection zone control processor;the control processor receiving first detection zone limit vehicle detection data and second detection zone limit vehicle detection data;the control processor comparing and processing the first detection zone limit vehicle detection data and second detection zone limit vehicle detection data to determine whether or not railroad train vehicles are present in the detection zone. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the first and second detection zone limit AMR waveform data are one of the following: one-dimensional waveform data;multi-dimensional waveform data. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein generating first detection zone limit vehicle detection data comprises analog to digital conversion of analog waveform data to digital waveform data; and further wherein generating second detection zone limit vehicle detection data comprises analog to digital conversion of analog waveform data to digital waveform data. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising controlling operation of an active warning device in a normal state and in an alarm state at a railroad track crossing within the detection zone based on first detection zone limit vehicle detection data and second detection zone limit vehicle detection data. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein first and second detection zone limit vehicle detection data comprise information pertaining to one or more of the following: speed of a detected train;direction of movement of a detected train;length of a detected train;size of a detected train.