IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
|
국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
|
출원번호 |
US-0151830
(2008-05-08)
|
등록번호 |
US-8893651
(2014-11-25)
|
발명자
/ 주소 |
- Biberger, Maximilian A.
- Layman, Frederick P.
|
출원인 / 주소 |
|
대리인 / 주소 |
|
인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
24 인용 특허 :
259 |
초록
▼
A plasma-arc vaporization chamber includes features configured to permit very high-energy plasmas, preferably with high hydrogen content. The vaporization chamber includes a female electrode having an internal chamber with a target region made of a conductive material highly resistant to thermal deg
A plasma-arc vaporization chamber includes features configured to permit very high-energy plasmas, preferably with high hydrogen content. The vaporization chamber includes a female electrode having an internal chamber with a target region made of a conductive material highly resistant to thermal degradation and an isthmus region of sufficient width to slow plasma flow therethrough enough to permit vaporization within the internal chamber of a material delivered into the plasma. The material is preferably injected at an angle counter to the flow of the plasma. The vaporization chamber also includes a flange-cooling chamber adjacent to a flange of the female electrode. Additionally, the chamber preferably includes vortexing gas injectors configured to provide a helical gas flow within at least a portion of the internal chamber.
대표청구항
▼
1. A vaporization chamber comprising: a male electrode;a female electrode comprising a first material, the female electrode having a first end, a second end opposite the first end, and an internal chamber formed within the female electrode in between the first end and the second end, wherein the int
1. A vaporization chamber comprising: a male electrode;a female electrode comprising a first material, the female electrode having a first end, a second end opposite the first end, and an internal chamber formed within the female electrode in between the first end and the second end, wherein the internal chamber comprises an entry region, a frusto-conical region, and an isthmus region, the entry region being disposed at the first end and configured to receive a working gas, the frusto-conical region extending from the entry region to the isthmus region, wherein the isthmus region has a diameter of at least 0.400 of an inch and extends to the second end along a longitudinal axis of the female electrode, the second end forming a mouth through which a fluid can exit the internal chamber along the longitudinal axis;a vortexing gas injector disposed proximate the first end and fluidly coupled to the entry region of the internal chamber, wherein the vortexing gas injector is configured to receive a working gas, to produce a vortexing stream of the working gas, and to supply the vortexing stream of working gas to the frusto-conical region of the internal chamber;a combustible gas supply system fluidly coupled to the vortexing gas injector, wherein the combustible gas supply system provides a combustible gas as at least a portion of the working gas to the vortexing gas injector;an electrical connection point disposed on at least one of the male electrode and the female electrode, wherein the electrical connection point is configured to deliver energy to the vortexing stream of working gas in the frusto-conical region upon receiving power from a power supply, thereby producing an arc capable of fully vaporizing powders between the male electrode and the female electrode within the frusto-conical region of the internal chamber and producing a vortexing stream of plasma that flows into the isthmus region;a target region configured to act as lining for the female electrode in at least a portion of the frusto-conical region and in at least a portion of the isthmus region of the internal chamber, wherein the target region comprises a second material that is distinct from the first material and that is conductive, and the target region is configured to protect at least a portion of the female electrode from direct contact with the arc;a material delivery port configured to deliver powder into the isthmus region of the internal chamber at an angle counter to the flow of the vortexing stream of plasma; anda mouth flange cooling chamber disposed at the second end of the female electrode adjacent to the mouth, wherein the mouth flange cooling chamber is configured to permit circulation of cooling fluid around the longitudinal axis, thereby cooling the mouth when plasma exits the internal chamber. 2. The vaporization chamber of claim 1, further comprising a housing supporting the male electrode and the female electrode. 3. The vaporization chamber of claim 2, wherein the mouth flange cooling chamber is brazed onto the second end of the female electrode. 4. The vaporization chamber of claim 3, further comprising a network of coolant channels disposed within the housing, wherein the network of coolant channels is configured to permit circulation of coolant around the female electrode and into the mouth flange cooling chamber. 5. The vaporization chamber of claim 1, wherein the isthmus region has a maximum diameter of 0.500 of an inch. 6. The vaporization chamber of claim 1, wherein the target region comprises tungsten. 7. The vaporization chamber of claim 1, wherein the material delivery port is configured to deliver the powder into the isthmus region of the internal chamber at an angle pitched at least 20 degrees towards the entry region measured from a plane perpendicular to the flow of the vortexing stream of plasma. 8. The vaporization chamber of claim 1, wherein the combustible gas comprises hydrogen. 9. The vaporization chamber of claim 8, wherein a power supply is connected to the electrical connection point and configured to produce a vortexing stream of plasma having an electric current greater than 1000 amperes; and wherein the vaporization chamber further comprises a working gas supply system configured to supply the working gas at a flow rate greater than 5 liters per minute. 10. The vaporization chamber of claim 1 further comprise a working gas supply system fluidly coupled to the vortexing gas injector, wherein the working gas supply system provides inert gas as at least a portion of the working gas to the vortexing gas injector. 11. A vaporization chamber comprising: a male electrode;a female electrode comprising a first material, the female electrode having a first end, a second end opposite the first end, and an internal chamber formed within the female electrode in between the first end and the second end, wherein the internal chamber comprises an entry region, a frusto-conical region, and an isthmus region, the entry region being disposed at the first end and configured to receive a working gas, the frusto-conical region extending from the entry region to the isthmus region, wherein the isthmus region has a diameter of at least 0.400 of an inch and extends to the second end along a longitudinal axis of the female electrode, the second end forming a mouth through which a fluid can exit the internal chamber along the longitudinal axis;a gas inlet disposed proximate the first end and fluidly coupled to the entry region of the internal chamber, wherein the gas inlet is configured to receive a working gas and to supply the working gas to the frusto-conical region of the internal chamber;a hydrogen supply system fluidly coupled to the gas inlet, wherein the hydrogen supply system provides hydrogen gas as at least a portion of the working gas to the gas inlet;an electrical connection point disposed on at least one of the male electrode and the female electrode, wherein the electrical connection point is configured to deliver energy to the working gas in the frusto-conical region upon receiving power from a power supply, thereby producing an arc capable of fully vaporizing powders between the male electrode and the female electrode within the frusto-conical region of the internal chamber and producing a stream of plasma that flows into the isthmus region;a target region configured to act as lining for the female electrode in at least a portion of the frusto-conical region and in at least a portion of the isthmus region of the internal chamber, wherein the target region comprises a second material that is distinct from the first material and that is conductive, and the target region is configured to protect at least a portion of the female electrode from direct contact with the arc;a material delivery port configured to deliver powder into the isthmus region of the internal chamber to mix with the stream of plasma; anda mouth flange cooling chamber disposed at the second end of the female electrode adjacent to the mouth, wherein the mouth flange cooling chamber is configured to permit circulation of cooling fluid around the longitudinal axis, thereby cooling the mouth when plasma exits the internal chamber.
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