Method for determining the heating value and the relative density of a hydrocarbon fuel and apparatus for the same
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
G01N-009/36
G01N-033/00
G01K-017/02
G01F-001/74
G06F-019/00
G06F-017/40
G01N-033/22
출원번호
US-0741026
(2008-10-24)
등록번호
US-8903662
(2014-12-02)
국제출원번호
PCT/IB2008/003237
(2008-10-24)
§371/§102 date
20101214
(20101214)
국제공개번호
WO2009/063315
(2009-05-22)
발명자
/ 주소
Bats, Johan
Huijsmans, Floris J. J.
출원인 / 주소
ANU-BIZ BVBA
대리인 / 주소
Chasteen, Kimberly A.
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
0인용 특허 :
9
초록▼
There is disclosed a method for determining the heating value of a fuel, the fuel comprising at least one hydrocarbon including a first hydrocarbon present in the highest molar concentration, the method comprising: measuring the stoichiometric oxidation molar flow ratio of the fuel; determining the
There is disclosed a method for determining the heating value of a fuel, the fuel comprising at least one hydrocarbon including a first hydrocarbon present in the highest molar concentration, the method comprising: measuring the stoichiometric oxidation molar flow ratio of the fuel; determining the ideal molar heating value (HVm,i) from the measured stoichiometric oxidation molar flow ratio; measuring the molar concentration of the first hydrocarbon; and determining the real molar heating value (HVm,r) from the ideal molar heating value (HVm,i) and the molar concentration of the first hydrocarbon. An apparatus is also disclosed.
대표청구항▼
1. A method for determining die heating value of a fuel, the fuel comprising at least one hydrocarbon including a first hydrocarbon present in the highest molar concentration, the method comprising: measuring the stoichiometric oxidation molar flow ratio of the fuel;determining the ideal molar heati
1. A method for determining die heating value of a fuel, the fuel comprising at least one hydrocarbon including a first hydrocarbon present in the highest molar concentration, the method comprising: measuring the stoichiometric oxidation molar flow ratio of the fuel;determining the ideal molar heating value (HVm,i) from the measured stoichiometric oxidation molar flow ratio;measuring the molar concentration of the first hydrocarbon; and determining the real molar heating value (HVm,r) from the ideal molar heating value (HVm,i) and the molar concentration of the first hydrocarbon. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fuel is selected from the group consisting of a normally gaseous fuel, generic natural gas, refinery gas, treated natural gas, synthetic natural gas, biogas a liquid fuel, and a lighter crude fraction (class A), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), gasoline, diesel, kerosene, jet fuel or heating oil. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of methane, a higher hydrocarbon, propane and butane. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the stoichiometric oxidation molar flow ratio of the fuel is determined by a method selected from the group consisting of measuring the peak temperature of combustion of the fuel and by measurement of the oxygen or air concentration of the fuel gas after combustion. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ideal molar heating value (HVm,i) is determined from the measured stoichiometric oxidation molar flow ratio using a relationship between heat value and molar flow ratio. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the molar concentration of the first hydrocarbon is determined using non-dispersive infrared (NDIR), gas chromatography, or mass spectroscopy. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the molar concentration of the first hydrocarbon is determined to an accuracy of at least +/−2% full scale, more preferably greater than +/−1% full scale. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the real molar heating value (HVm,r) is determined from the ideal molar heating value (HVm,i) and molar concentration of the first hydrocarbon by the following steps: i. Determine the correlation factor R2 between HVm,i and the stoichiometric oxidation molar flow ratio for the range of fuels which are to be measured;ii. Measure the ideal molar density (Dm,i) for the fuel to be measured;iii. Determine the correlation factor R2 between the ideal molar density (Dm,i) and the stoichiometric oxidation molar flow ratio for the range of fuels to be measured;iv. Define a start composition of the fuel which needs to be measured, with the measured concentration of the first hydrocarbon as a fixed value;v. Calculate the HVm,i and Dm,i;vi. Vary the concentration of each component in the start composition in turn, by a small increment to provide a new composition;vii. Calculate the HVm,i and Dm,i for the new composition;viii. Compare the values of HVm,i and Dm,i calculated with those derived from the correlation with the stoichiometric oxidation molar flow ratio using the correlation factors R2 for each;ix. If the difference in the value of HVm,i between that calculated using the composition and that determined using the correlation factors R2 is less than 0.01%, use the composition to calculate the compressibility of the fuel. If not, repeat steps vi to viii;x. Calculate HVm,r by dividing the value of HVm,i for the final composition as obtained from the stoichiometric oxidation molar flow ratio using the correlation factors R2 by the compressibility. 9. An apparatus for determining the heating value of a fuel, the fuel comprising at least one hydrocarbon including a first hydrocarbon present in the highest molar concentration, the apparatus comprising: means for measuring the stoichiometric oxidation molar flow ratio of the fuel;means for determining the ideal molar heating value (HVm,i) from the measured stoichiometric oxidation molar flow ratio;means for measuring the molar concentration of the first hydrocarbon; andmeans for determining the real molar heating value (HVm,r) from the ideal molar heating value (HVm,i) and the molar concentration of the first hydrocarbon. 10. An apparatus for determining the relative density of a fuel comprising at least one hydrocarbon component, the apparatus comprising: means for determining the real heating value of the fuel;means for measuring the velocity of sound within the fuel;means for measuring the concentration of carbon dioxide in the fuel; andmeans for determining the relative density of the fuel from the real heating value, the velocity of sound and the concentration of carbon dioxide. 11. An apparatus for determining the stoichiometric molar ratio of oxygen (or air)/fuel for a hydrocarbon fuel, the apparatus comprising a substrate of inert material having formed therein: a cavity to serve as an oxidation reactor; a conduit for the passage of the fuel from an inlet to the cavity; and a conduit for the passage of oxygen (or air) from an inlet to the cavity. 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the apparatus is a MEMS device. 13. The apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising a mixer disposed at the inlet to the cavity. 14. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the cavity is empty. 15. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the cavity contains a catalyst composition. 16. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the inert substrate is silicon or glass. 17. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the cavity has a volume of less than 1 ml, preferably less than 500 μl, more preferably about 1 μl or less. 18. The apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising a temperature sensor formed within or on the substrate to measure the temperature of the interior of the cavity. 19. The apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising one or more heaters to pre-heat fluids in the conduits. 20. The apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising means to vary the flowrate of fluids through the conduits. 21. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein each conduit comprises a plurality of conduit channels, the conduit channels of a given conduit having orifice sections of different cross-sectional areas, to provide a range of fluid flow rates through the conduit under conditions of constant pressure. 22. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein each conduit is provided with a mass flow controller. 23. A method of determining the stoichiometric oxidation ratio for a fuel, the method comprising the steps of: providing a reactor for conducting the oxidation of the fuel with oxygen (or air);supplying oxygen (or air) to the reactor; supplying the fuel to the reactor;maintaining the flow rate of one of the fuel and oxygen (or air) to the reactor constant;varying the flow rate of the other of the fuel and oxygen (or air) to the reactor, in order to vary the molar ratio of the fuel and oxygen (or air) being reacted;measuring the temperature of the oxidation reaction or the oxygen (or air) concentration at the outlet of the combustion cavity over a range of molar ratios; anddetermining the stoichiometric oxidation ratio from the peak temperature or the oxygen (or air) concentration at the outlet of the combustion cavity. 24. An apparatus for determining the stoichiometric molar flow ratio for oxidation of a fuel, comprising a substrate of inert material the substrate having formed therein: a first inlet for the fuel;a second inlet for oxygen (or air);an outlet for reacted fluid; anda plurality of reactor assembles, each reaction assembly comprising: a cavity;a first conduit extending between the cavity and the first inlet for passage of the fuel to the cavity;a second conduit extending between the cavity and the second inlet for passage of oxygen (or air) to the cavity;an outlet conduit extending between the cavity and the outlet; anda temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of fluids reacting within the oxidation cavity, or a sensor to measure the oxygen (or air) concentration at the outlet of the oxidation cavity; wherein each reactor assembly is arranged to provide the fuel and oxygen (or air) to the cavity in a different predetermined molar ratio, wherein the stoichiometric oxidation molar flow ratio is determined from the measured temperatures and the predetermined molar ratios. 25. The apparatus according to claim 24, wherein the apparatus is a MEMS device. 26. The apparatus according to claim 24, comprising at least 4, more preferably at least 10 reactor assemblies arranged in parallel. 27. The apparatus according to claim 24, further comprising means for measuring the concentration of the first hydrocarbon in the fuel. 28. The apparatus according to claim 24, further comprising means for measuring the velocity of sound in the fuel. 29. A method for determining the stoichiometric molar flow ratio for oxidation of a fuel, the method comprising: providing a plurality of reactor assemblies, each reaction assembly comprising: an oxidation cavity;a first conduit for passage of the fuel to the cavity; anda second conduit for passage of oxygen (or air) to the cavity; wherein each reactor assembly is arranged to provide the fuel and oxygen (or air) to the cavity in a different predetermined molar ratio;supplying fuel to the first conduit of each reactor assembly;supplying oxygen (or air) to the second conduit of each reactor assembly;controlling the molar flowrate of fluid in each conduit with an internal orifice;allowing oxidation of the fuel to occur in each cavity;measuring the temperature of oxidation in each cavity, or the oxygen (or air) concentration at the outlet of the cavity; anddetermining the stoichiometric oxidation molar flow ratio from the measured temperatures and the predetermined molar flow ratios. 30. The method according to claim 29, comprising providing at least 4 parallel reactor assemblies, more preferably at least 10 parallel reactor assemblies. 31. The method according to claim 29, further comprising measuring the concentration of the first hydrocarbon. 32. The method according to claim 29, further comprising measuring the velocity of sound in the fuel.
연구과제 타임라인
LOADING...
LOADING...
LOADING...
LOADING...
LOADING...
이 특허에 인용된 특허 (9)
Yamane Kimitaka (Tokorozawa Tokyo JA) Ueno Zene (Tokorozawa Tokyo JA) Morita Akira (Tokorozawa Tokyo JA) Nagaoka Tadahiko (Tokorozawa Akishima JA) Iwaki Shigeo (Akishima JA), Burning rate control in hydrogen fuel combustor.
Clingman ; Jr. William H. (University Park TX) Kennedy Lyn R. (Ovilla TX), Instrument and method for heating value measurement by stoichiometric combustion.
Kude William B. (Plymouth MN) Pearman A. Noel J. (St. Paul MN) Youngbauer Daniel L. (St. Paul MN), Method and apparatus for determining the heat content of gaseous fuels.
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.