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Method of managing hydrates in a subsea production system that includes a host production facility, one or more producers, one or more water injectors, a water injection line, and a single production line for directing production fluids from the producers to the host production facility. The method

Method of managing hydrates in a subsea production system that includes a host production facility, one or more producers, one or more water injectors, a water injection line, and a single production line for directing production fluids from the producers to the host production facility. The method comprises placing a pig in the subsea production system, shutting in production from the producers, and injecting a displacement fluid into the subsea production system in order to displace production fluids in the production line. The method also includes applying electrically resistive heat along a selected portion of the single production line to maintain production fluids within the production line at a temperature above a hydrate formation temperature after production has been shut in.

대표청구항 ▼

1. A method of managing hydrates in a subsea production system, comprising: storing a pig in a subsea production system, the subsea production system comprising: at least one host production facility,a production cluster comprising one or more producers,a water injection cluster comprising one or mo

1. A method of managing hydrates in a subsea production system, comprising: storing a pig in a subsea production system, the subsea production system comprising: at least one host production facility,a production cluster comprising one or more producers,a water injection cluster comprising one or more water injectors,a water injection line, anda single production line for directing production fluids from the production cluster to the at least one host production facility;shutting in production from the one or more producers;applying electrically resistive heat along a selected portion of the single production line in order to maintain production fluids within the single production line at a temperature above a hydrate formation temperature after production has been shut in; andinjecting a displacement fluid into the subsea production system in order to move the pig within the subsea production cluster, thereby moving the pig and displacing production fluids from the production cluster up to a location proximate a beginning of the heated portion of the single production line to manage hydrates. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the single production line comprises a subsea production flowline and a production riser in fluid communication with the at least one host production facility; andthe single production line is at least 10 km (6.2 miles) in length. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the single production line is at least 30 km (18.6 miles) in length. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the displacement fluid is crude oil, diesel, or a combination thereof. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the displacement fluid comprises a hydrate inhibitor. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein: the production cluster further comprises a production manifold, and jumpers for providing fluid communication between the production manifold and the one or more producers; andthe method further comprises producing production fluids through the single production line and to the at least one host production facility before shutting in production from the one or more producers, the production fluids comprising at least 50% vol. liquid phase fluids at the production manifold. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein: the subsea production system further comprises a control umbilical having a hydrate inhibitor line and a displacement fluid service line; andinjecting a displacement fluid comprises injecting the displacement fluid into the subsea production system through the displacement fluid service line. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the displacement fluid service line is internal to the control umbilical and has an inner diameter of no greater than about 7.62 cm (3 inches). 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the displacement fluid service line is external to the control umbilical and has an inner diameter of about 10.16 cm (4 inches) to 15.24 cm (6 inches). 10. The method of claim 7, wherein: the displacement fluid comprises hydrate inhibitor; andinjecting a displacement fluid into the subsea production system further comprises pumping the hydrate inhibitor from the hydrate inhibitor line into the production manifold in order to provide light touch operations before moving the pig through the production cluster. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein: the water injection cluster comprises one or more water injectors, and a water injection manifold; andthe water injection line comprises a water injection riser and a subsea flowline for receiving injection water from the at least one host production facility. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein: storing a pig in the subsea production system comprises injecting the pig into the water injection line, and advancing the pig into a subsea storage location in the subsea production system using injection water; andthe method further comprises: storing the pig in the subsea storage location for a period of time;launching the pig from the subsea storage location ahead of the displacement fluid; anddiscontinuing injecting once the pig has reached a location along the heated portion of the single production line. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the production riser comprises an insulated pipe-in-pipe flowline. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the displacement fluid service line is sized to move the pig through the subsea production flowline at a minimum velocity of 0.3 meters/second (1 ft/sec). 15. The method of claim 14, wherein: the subsea production system further comprises a subsea pump placed along the displacement fluid service line; andthe method further comprises activating the subsea pump in order to assist in pumping the displacement fluid and moving the pig. 16. The method of claim 12, further comprising: isolating the subsea storage location after launching the pig. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein: the subsea production system further comprises a crossover manifold;a central pipeline resides in the crossover manifold and provides fluid communication between the water injection cluster and the production cluster; andlaunching the pig comprises advancing the pig from the subsea storage location, through the central pipeline, and to the production manifold. 18. The method of claim 12, wherein the method further comprises: launching a new pig from the at least one host production facility, through the water injection riser, through the water injection line, and to the subsea storage location;storing the new pig in the subsea storage location; andputting the one or more producers back into production. 19. The method of claim 16, further comprising: putting the one or more producers back into production after applying electrically resistive heat during a shut down period; andproducing production fluids which includes directing production fluids from the one or more producers, through the production manifold, through the subsea production flowline, through the production riser, and to the at least one host production facility. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising: injecting injection water through the one or more water injectors. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein water continues to be injected through the one or more water injectors while the pig is being moved to the subsea production cluster. 22. The method of claim 2, further comprising: depressuring the single production line after shutting in production from the one or more producers. 23. The method of claim 6, wherein storing a pig in the subsea production system comprises placing the pig into a subsea pig launcher, and the method further comprises: storing the pig in the subsea pig launcher for a period of time;launching the pig from the subsea pig launcher after the period of time; anddiscontinuing injecting once the pig has reached a location along the heated portion of the single production line. 24. The method of claim 6, further comprising: determining a portion of the single production line that may enter a hydrate formation phase after a shut-in period of at least 15 hours; andidentifying at least said determined portion as the selected portion of the single production line to be heated. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the shut-in period is at least 30 hours. 26. A method of managing hydrates in a subsea production system, the method comprising: storing a pig in a storage location within a subsea production system, the subsea production system having: at least one host production facility,a production cluster comprising one or more producers,a water injection cluster comprising one or more water injectors,a crossover manifold placing the production cluster and the water injection cluster in selective fluid communication,a water injection line, anda single production line comprising a subsea flow line and a production riser extending at least about 30 km (18.6 miles) for directing fluids from the one or more producers to the at least one host production facility;producing production fluids which includes directing production fluids from the one or more producers through the single production line and to the at least one host production facility, the production fluids comprising at least 50% vol. liquid phase fluids at a production manifold of the production cluster;shutting in production from the one or more producers;applying electrically resistive heat along a selected portion of the single production line in order to maintain production fluids within the single production line at a temperature above a hydrate formation temperature after production has been shut in;injecting a displacement fluid from the at least one host production facility into the production manifold of the production cluster; andfurther injecting the displacement fluid in order to move the pig from the subsea storage location, thereby displacing production fluids from the production cluster and moving the pig up to a location along the heated portion of the single production line to manage hydrates. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein: the subsea storage location is a water injection manifold in the water injection cluster; andthe displacement fluid is a dead displacement fluid. 28. The method of claim 26, further comprising: determining a portion of the single production line that may enter a hydrate formation phase after a shut-in period of at least 15 hours; andidentifying said determined portion as the selected portion of the single production line to be heated. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the shut-in period is at least 30 hours. 30. A method of constructing a subsea production system at a location in a marine body, the marine body having a water surface and a seabed depth of at least 500 meters (1,640.4 feet) below the water surface, and the location having a seabed temperature below 5° C. (41° F.), the method comprising: providing at least one host production facility;forming a production cluster comprising at least one production well, each production well having a well head on the seabed;forming a water injection cluster comprising at least one water injection well;providing a crossover manifold placing the production cluster and the water injection cluster in selective fluid communication;providing a single production line comprising a subsea flow line and a production riser, the single production line extending at least about 30 km (18.6 miles) from the production cluster to the at least one host production facility;providing a water injection line from the at least one host production facility to the water injection cluster;storing a pig in a subsea storage location;shutting in production from each production well;applying electrically resistive heat along a selected portion of the single production line in order to maintain production fluids within the single production line at a temperature above a hydrate formation temperature after production has been shut in; andinjecting a displacement fluid from the at least one host production facility into a production manifold of the production cluster to move the pig from the subsea storage location, thereby at least partially displacing production fluids from the production cluster and moving the pig up to a location proximate a beginning of the heated portion of the single production line to manage hydrates. 31. The method of claim 30, further comprising: activating a subsea pump placed along a displacement fluid service line in order to assist in pumping the displacement fluid and move the pig. 32. The method of claim 30, wherein: the subsea storage location is a water injection manifold in the water injection cluster; andthe displacement fluid is a dead displacement fluid. 33. The method of claim 30, further comprising: determining a portion of the single production line that may enter a hydrate formation phase after a shut-in period of at least 15 hours; andidentifying said determined portion as the selected portion of the single production line to be heated. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the shut-in period is at least 30 hours. 35. The method of claim 33, further comprising: putting each production well back into production; andproducing production fluids which includes directing production fluids from each production well, through the production manifold, through the single production line to the at least one host production facility. 36. The method of claim 35, further comprising: activating a subsea pump placed proximate a bottom of the production riser to assist in moving produced production fluids to the at least one host production facility. 37. A method of designing a subsea production system, the subsea production system having at least one host production facility, a production cluster comprising one or more producers and a production manifold, a water injection cluster comprising one or more water injectors, a water injection line, and a single production line for directing production fluids from the one or more producers to the at least one host production facility, the method comprising: determining a water depth for the placement of the production cluster;determining a temperature of the water at a location for the production cluster;determining a length for a subsea production flowline and a production riser, the production flowline and the production riser together comprising the single production line, the single production line having a length that is at least 10 km (6.2 miles);determining a location for the storage of a pig in the subsea production system, the subsea production system configured such that a displacement fluid will move the pig from the determined storage location a partial distance along the single production line to manage hydrates;confirming that production fluids that will flow through the production cluster will comprise at least 50% vol. liquid phase fluids;determining a portion of the single production line that may enter a hydrate formation phase after a shut-in period of at least 15 hours; andproviding one or more heating elements along the single production line for applying electrically resistive heat to the determined portion of the single production line after production has been shut in. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the single production line is at least 30 km (18.6 miles) in length. 39. The method of claim 37, wherein the shut-in period is at least 30 hours. 40. The method of claim 37, wherein determining the portion of the single production line that may enter a hydrate formation phase comprises a consideration of (i) temperature of produced fluids at wellheads, (ii) production fluid composition; (iii) fluid pressure within the single production line, (iv) seabed incline, (v) internal diameter of a displacement fluid service line, (vi) temperature gradient within a water column between the at least one host production facility and a seabed, or (vii) combinations thereof. 41. A system for managing hydrates in a subsea production system, the subsea production system comprising: a single production line;a production cluster comprising one or more producers, with each of the one or more producers being fluidly connected to the single production line for directing fluids from the production cluster to at least one host production facility;a water injection line;a water injection cluster comprising one or more water injectors, with each of the one or more water injectors being fluid connected to the water injection line;a subsea storage location configured to receive a pig, the subsea storage location being fluidly connected to at least the water injection line, the single production line, and a chemical injection service line;a crossover manifold operatively connected to the production cluster, the water injection cluster, and the chemical injection service line configured to inject a hydrate inhibitor into the crossover manifold to move the pig through the production cluster and into the single production line; andan electrical source configured to deliver an electrical current to a portion of the single production line, the portion representing a portion of the single production line having production fluids that may enter a hydrate formation phase after a shut-in period of at least 15 hours. 42. The system of claim 41, further comprising: the at least one host production facility fluidly connected to (i) the water injection cluster by the water injection line, and (ii) the production cluster by the single production line. 43. The system of claim 42, further comprising a control umbilical, the control umbilical having: a displacement fluid injection service line configured to inject displacement fluid into the crossover manifold; andthe chemical injection service line. 44. The system of claim 42, wherein: the single production line comprises a subsea production flowline and a production riser in fluid communication with the at least one host production facility; andthe single production line is at least 10 km (6.2 miles) in length.