IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
|
국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
|
출원번호 |
US-0042013
(2013-09-30)
|
등록번호 |
US-8922166
(2014-12-30)
|
발명자
/ 주소 |
- White, David Allen
- Benckenstein, Jr., Claude Leonard
|
출원인 / 주소 |
- Southwest Electronic Energy Corporation
|
대리인 / 주소 |
|
인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
2 인용 특허 :
23 |
초록
▼
A system for balancing a plurality of battery pack system modules connected in series may include in each battery pack system module a controller configured to detect that the first system module has reached a first state of charge; activate the first charge switch to physically disconnect and to pr
A system for balancing a plurality of battery pack system modules connected in series may include in each battery pack system module a controller configured to detect that the first system module has reached a first state of charge; activate the first charge switch to physically disconnect and to prevent further charging of the first system module after detecting the first state of charge; discharge the plurality of cells after activating the first charge switch to balance the first system module with a second system module coupled to the first system module; de-activate the first charge switch after discharging the plurality of battery cells; and charge the plurality of cells after de-activating the first charge switch.
대표청구항
▼
1. An apparatus, comprising: a first battery pack system module, comprising: a first terminal;a second terminal;a first plurality of battery cells in communication with the first terminal and the second terminal;a first charge switch in communication with the first terminal and the first plurality o
1. An apparatus, comprising: a first battery pack system module, comprising: a first terminal;a second terminal;a first plurality of battery cells in communication with the first terminal and the second terminal;a first charge switch in communication with the first terminal and the first plurality of battery cells, in which the first charge switch, when activated, physically disconnects the first plurality of battery cells from the first terminal to prevent charging of the first plurality of battery cells; anda controller configured to: detect that the first battery pack system module has reached a first state of charge;activate the first charge switch to physically disconnect and to prevent further charging of the first battery pack system module after detecting the first state of charge;discharging the first plurality of battery cells after activating the first charge switch to balance the first battery pack system module with a second battery pack system module coupled to the first battery pack system module;de-activating the first charge switch after discharging the first plurality of battery cells; andcharging the first plurality of battery cells after de-activating the first charge switch. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, in which the first battery pack system module further comprising a first zener diode in communication with the first terminal and the second terminal, the first zener diode configured to pass current through the first battery pack system module to the second battery pack system module. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, in which the first battery pack system module further comprises a current limiting resistor in communication with the first zener diode and the first terminal. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, in which the controller of the first battery pack system module is further configured to limit current through the first zener diode to a level below a limit of the first zener diode. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, in which the controller is configured to detect the first battery pack system module is at a first state of charge unbalanced with a second state of charge of the second battery pack system module. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: the second battery pack system module coupled in series with the first battery pack system module, in which the second battery pack system module comprises: a second plurality of battery cells;a second charge switch configured to, when activated, disconnect the plurality of battery cells to prevent charging of the battery cell; anda controller configured to: detect that the second battery pack system module has reached a second state of charge; andactivate the second charge switch to physically disconnect and to prevent further charging of the second battery pack system module after detecting the second state of charge. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising a third battery pack system module coupled in parallel with the second battery pack system module. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, in which the controller is further configured to balance the first plurality of battery cells. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, in which the first battery pack system module comprises a balancing circuit in communication with at least one battery cell of the first plurality of battery cells, in which the balancing circuit is configured to discharge the at least one battery cell. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, in which the balancing circuit comprises a shunting resistor in communication with the at least one battery cell. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, in which the controller is further configured to: detect the first battery pack system module and the second battery pack system module are approximately balanced; andoscillate through a sequence defined by: charging the first battery pack system module for a first period of time; anddischarging the first battery pack system module for a second period of time. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, in which the controller is further configured to: charge the second battery pack system module during the first period of time; anddischarge the second battery pack system module during the second period of time. 13. The apparatus of claim 1, in which the controller is a digital controller comprising a processor. 14. The apparatus of claim 1, in which the controller is further configured to monitor at least one parameter for each battery cell of the first plurality of battery cells. 15. The apparatus of claim 1, in which the controller is configured to detect, activate, discharge, de-activate, and charge without communicating with the second battery pack system module. 16. The apparatus of claim 1, in which the first plurality of battery cells comprises: a first at least two battery cells connected in parallel; anda second at least two battery cells connected in parallel, the second at least two battery cells connected in series with the first at least two battery cells. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, in which the first at least two battery cells comprises lithium ion battery cells. 18. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a protective diode in communication with the first plurality of battery cells, the protective diode configured to protect the first plurality of battery cells from excessive voltage. 19. The apparatus of claim 1, in which the controller is configured to detect a first state of charge by measuring a percent charge of the first battery pack system module relative to a nominal maximum charge of the battery pack system module. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, in which the controller is configured to detect a first state of charge by further measuring a time average current into and out of the first battery pack system module to obtain a number of amperage hours remaining in the first battery pack system module. 21. The apparatus of claim 1, in which the controller is configured to detect a first state of charge by counting coulombs into and out of the first battery pack system module. 22. An apparatus, comprising: a first system module, comprising: a first terminal;a second terminal;a plurality of cells in communication with the first terminal and the second terminal;a first charge switch in communication with the first terminal and the plurality of cells, in which the first charge switch, when activated, disconnects the plurality of cells from the first terminal to prevent charging of the battery cell; anda controller configured to: detect that the first system module has reached a first state of charge;activate the first charge switch to physically disconnect and to prevent further charging of the first system module after detecting the first state of charge;discharge the plurality of cells after activating the first charge switch to balance the first system module with a second system module coupled to the first system module;de-activate the first charge switch after discharging the plurality of battery cells; andcharge the plurality of cells after de-activating the first charge switch. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, in which the plurality of cells comprises at least one of a nickel cadmium battery cell, a nickel metal hydride battery cell, and a lead acid battery cell. 24. The apparatus of claim 22, in which the plurality of cells comprises at least one of a capacitor and a supercapacitor. 25. The apparatus of claim 22, in which the plurality of cells comprises at least one of an electrochemical cell, and a fuel cell. 26. The apparatus of claim 22, in which the controller comprises an analog controller. 27. The apparatus of claim 22, in which the first system module further comprises an external display device configured to display a state of charge of the first system module. 28. The apparatus of claim 22, in which the first system module further comprises an internal display device configured to display a status of the first system module. 29. The apparatus of claim 22, in which the controller comprises a memory, and in which the first system module further comprises an initializer configured to provision the memory with design parameters. 30. The apparatus of claim 29, in which the design parameters comprise at least one of cell chemistry parameters, application parameters, charge parameters, and discharge parameters.
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