Multi-faceted designs for a direct exchange geothermal heating/cooling system
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
F25D-023/12
F25B-030/06
F25B-049/00
F25B-013/00
출원번호
US-0016714
(2008-01-18)
등록번호
US-8931295
(2015-01-13)
발명자
/ 주소
Wiggs, B. Ryland
출원인 / 주소
Earth to Air Systems, LLC
대리인 / 주소
Miller, Matthias & Hull LLP
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
0인용 특허 :
96
초록▼
A direct exchange heating/cooling system with at least one of a reduced compressor size, with a 500 psi high pressure cut-off switch, with a 98% efficient oil separator, with extra oil, operating at a higher pressure than an R-22 system, with receiver design parameters for efficiency and fox capacit
A direct exchange heating/cooling system with at least one of a reduced compressor size, with a 500 psi high pressure cut-off switch, with a 98% efficient oil separator, with extra oil, operating at a higher pressure than an R-22 system, with receiver design parameters for efficiency and fox capacity, with geothermal heat exchange line set design parameters, with special heating/cooling expansion device sizing and design, with a specially sized air handler, and with a vapor line pre-heater.
대표청구항▼
1. A direct exchange geothermal heating/cooling system comprising: a geothermal heat exchange field;refrigerant transport lines including a liquid refrigerant transport line and a vapor refrigerant transport line;a compressor sized between 80% and 95% of a maximum heating/cooling load;expansion devi
1. A direct exchange geothermal heating/cooling system comprising: a geothermal heat exchange field;refrigerant transport lines including a liquid refrigerant transport line and a vapor refrigerant transport line;a compressor sized between 80% and 95% of a maximum heating/cooling load;expansion devices;a heat exchanger;an oil separator having a filter configured to separate a particle size no greater than approximately 0.3 microns and to provide at least approximately 98% efficiency;a refrigerant having an operating pressure at least 25% greater than R-22;a high pressure cut-off switch operably coupled to the compressor and configured to shut off the compressor when an operational system pressure reaches approximately 500 psi, plus or minus approximately 25 psi; andwherein each of the geothermal heat exchange field, refrigerant transport lines, compressor, expansion devices, heat exchanger, oil separator, and high pressure cut-off switch has at least a 25% greater safe working load strength than a safe working load strength of components in an R-22 refrigerant system. 2. The system of claim 1, in which additional oil is disposed in the oil separator to a level approximately ½ inch, plus or minus approximately ¼ inch, below a bottom of the oil filter. 3. The system of claim 2, in which the oil separator further includes a sight glass for viewing an oil fill level in the oil separator. 4. The system of claim 1, further comprising an accumulator disposed in a suction line fluidly communicating with the compressor, the accumulator including a U-bend and an oil return orifice disposed at a base of the U-bend, and in which additional oil is deposited into the accumulator to a level approximately 1/16-¼ of an inch above the oil return orifice. 5. The system of claim 1, in which the refrigerant comprises R-410A. 6. The system of claim 1, further comprising an air handler and a receiver disposed in the liquid refrigerant transport line between the air handler and the expansion device, a heating mode liquid refrigerant transport line exiting an upper portion of the receiver and a cooling mode liquid refrigerant transport line exiting a lower portion of the receiver. 7. The system of claim 6, in which an interior space of the receiver between the heating mode liquid refrigerant transport line and the cooling mode liquid refrigerant transport line is sized to contain approximately 16%, plus or minus approximately 2%, of a full potential liquid content of an exposed heat transfer portion of the vapor refrigerant transport line in the geothermal heat exchange field for a maximum latent load removal capacity. 8. The system of claim 6, in which an interior space of the receiver between the heating mode liquid refrigerant transport line and the cooling mode liquid refrigerant transport line is sized contain approximately 8%, plus or minus approximately 2%, of a full potential liquid content of an exposed heat transfer portion of the vapor refrigerant transport line in the geothermal heat exchange field for maximum operational efficiencies. 9. The system of claim 1, in which a line set sizing design for a 30,000 BTU capacity, or less, compressor comprises at least one and no more than two ⅜ inch O.D. refrigerant grade liquid refrigerant transport line(s), in conjunction with a corresponding number of at least one and no more than two vapor refrigerant grade transport line(s) with each vapor line having an O.D. that is between 2 to 2.4 times as large as the O.D. of the liquid line. 10. The system of claim 9, in which the geothermal heat exchange field has a heat transfer rate of at least 1.4 BTU/Ft.Hr. Degrees F, wherein the system further comprises at least 120 feet of exposed vapor line per ton of a greater of heating and cooling design load capacities. 11. The system of claim 1, in which a line set sizing design for a compressor above a 30,000 BTU capacity, but less than a 90,000 BTU capacity, comprises at least two and no more than three ⅜ inch O.D. refrigerant grade liquid refrigerant transport line(s), in conjunction with a corresponding number of at least two and no more than three vapor refrigerant grade transport line(s) with each vapor line having an O.D. that is between 2 to 2.4 times as large as the O.D. of the liquid line. 12. The system of claim 11, in which the geothermal heat exchange field has a heat transfer rate of at least 1.4 BTU/Ft.Hr. Degrees F, wherein the system further comprises at least 120 feet of exposed vapor line per ton of a greater of heating and cooling design load capacities. 13. The system of claim 1, in which at least two and no more than three wells/boreholes are provided so that the liquid refrigerant transport line includes a primary line and distributed lines, and in which the vapor refrigerant transport line includes a primary line and distributed lines, wherein, for system compressor design loads of over 30,000 BTUs and up to 90,000 BTUs, the primary liquid refrigerant transport line comprises ½ inch O.D. refrigerant grade line, the primary vapor refrigerant transport line comprises ⅞ inch O.D. refrigerant grade line, the distributed liquid refrigerant transport lines comprise ⅜ inch O.D. refrigerant grade lines, and the distributed vapor refrigerant transport lines comprise ¾ inch O.D. refrigerant grade lines. 14. The system of claim 1, further comprising an interior air handler containing approximately 72 linear feet, plus or minus approximately 12 linear feet, of ⅜ inch O.D. finned tubing, with 12 to 14 fins per lineal inch, per ton of system load design, The interior air handler further being sized to produce an airflow of 350 to 400 CFM in the heating mode, and of 400 to 450 CFM in the cooling mode. 15. The system of claim 1, further comprising a pin restrictor expansion devices, in which the pin restrictor expansion device is sized according to the compressor size as set forth below, plus or minus 10%, where the pin restrictor expansion size is provided in inches and the compressor size is provided in BTUs, and wherein a heating mode load is approximately two thirds or less of a cooling mode load: Compressor BTUs—Heating Mode —Pin Restrictor Bore Size In InchesFor A Single Line DX System (One Pin Of The Size Outlined Below In The Sole Liquid Line To The Field) —Heating Mode 13,4000.03416,0000.03918,0000.04119,0000.04220,0000.04420,1000.04421,0000.04522,0000.04623,0000.04824,0000.04925,0000.05026,0000.05126,8000.05227,0000.05228,0000.05329,0000.05430,0000.055For A Double Line DX System (Two Pins . . . One Pin Of The Size Outlined Below In Each Of Two Liquid Lines To The Field When The Primary Liquid Line Is Equally Distributed Into Two Liquid Refrigerant Transport Lines)—Heating Mode 31,0000.04032,0000.04033,0000.04034,0000.04134,1700.04135,0000.04136,0000.04237,0000.04338,0000.04339,0000.04340,0000.04441,0000.04442,0000.04443,0000.04444,0000.04545,0000.04546,0000.04547,0000.04648,0000.04649,0000.04650,0000.04751,0000.04752,0000.04753,0000.04754,0000.04855,0000.04956,0000.04957,0000.05058,0000.05059,0000.05060,0000.050For A Triple Line DX System (Three Pins . . . One Pin Of The Size Outlined Below In Each Of Three Liquid Lines To The Field When The Primary Liquid Line Is Equally Distributed Into Three Liquid Refrigerant Transport Lines)—Heating Mode 87,0000.048 HEATING MODE PIN RESTRICTOR SIZE, IN INCHES, PER SYSTEM COMPRESSOR SIZE IN BTUs, WHEN THE COOILNG MODE LOAD DESIGN IS OVER TWO-THIRDS OF THE HEATING MODE LOAD DESIGN. Compressor BTUs—Heating Mode —Pin Restrictor Bore Size In InchesFor A Single Line DX System (One Pin Of The Size Outlined Below In The Sole Liquid Line To The Field)—Heating Mode Compressor SizePin Size13,4000.03116,0000.03618,0000.03819,0000.03920,0000.04020,1000.04021,0000.04222,0000.04323,0000.04424,0000.04525,0000.04626,0000.04726,8000.04827,0000.04828,0000.04929,0000.05030,0000.051For A Double Line DX System (Two Pins . . . One Pin Of The Size Outlined Below In Each Of Two Liquid Lines To The Field When The Primary Liquid Line Is Equally Distributed Into Two Liquid Refrigerant Transport Lines)—Heating Mode Compressor SizePin Size31,0000.03632,0000.03733,0000.03734,0000.03834,1700.03835,0000.03836,0000.03837,0000.03938,0000.04039,0000.04040,0000.04041,0000.04142,0000.04143,0000.04144,0000.04245,0000.04246,0000.04247,0000.04248,0000.04249,0000.04350,0000.04351,0000.04352,0000.04453,0000.04454,0000.04455,0000.04556,0000.04557,0000.04558,0000.04659,0000.04660,0000.046For A Triple Line DX System (Three Pins . . . One Pin Of The Size Outlined Below In Each Of Three Liquid Lines To The Field When The Primary Liquid Line Is Equally Distributed Into Three Liquid Refrigerant Transport Lines)—Heating Mode Compressor SizePin Size83,0000.044. 16. The system of claim 13 where the preferred size of the hole/bore (orifice) within at least one of a pin restrictor expansion device, by-passing the TXV expansion device in the air handler, and a TXV bleed port in the TXV servicing the air handler, is as per the following design equivalencies, plus or minus 10%, in the cooling mode: ActualPin Size, also known as the interior hole/bore (orifice)Compressorsize, in inches, for a TXV refrigerant flow supplementSize n BTUs(by-pass) means16,000 BTUs0.04421,000 BTUs0.05025,000 BTUs0.05529,000 BTUs0.05932,000 BTUs0.06238,000 BTUs0.06544,000 BTUs0.07051,000 BTUs0.07654,000 BTUs0.07857,000 BTUs 0.081. 17. The system of claim 16 where a pressure regulated valve is utilized in the TXV by-pass line, and where the pressure regulated valve is designed so as to permit full refrigerant flow through the valve until the compressor's suction pressure reached 80 psi, plus or minus 20 psi, at which point the valve would automatically close, with the system thereby fully functioning without any refrigerant TXV by-pass flow. 18. The system of claim 1, operating in the heating mode, with a vapor line pre-heater that would be comprised of a heat exchanger situated between the warm, mostly liquid, refrigerant transport line exiting the system's interior air handler, at a location before the refrigerant flow reaches the heating mode expansion device, and the refrigerant vapor transport line exiting the geothermal heat exchange means, before the refrigerant flow exiting the geothermal heat exchange means entered the system's compressor, which vapor line pre-heater would be by-passed and not utilized in the cooling mode.
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