대표
청구항
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1. An absorption heat pump comprising: a generator or desorber for generating, from a first fluid, vapour for feeding via a first line to a first condenser in heat exchange contact with heat transmission fluid for cooling the vapour, said first condenser having an inlet for the vapour and an outlet for the cooled vapour,downstream of the first condenser a second line entering an evaporator, the second line comprising at least a first throttle valve,an evaporator outlet connected by a third line to an absorber inlet for passing vapour from said first flui...
1. An absorption heat pump comprising: a generator or desorber for generating, from a first fluid, vapour for feeding via a first line to a first condenser in heat exchange contact with heat transmission fluid for cooling the vapour, said first condenser having an inlet for the vapour and an outlet for the cooled vapour,downstream of the first condenser a second line entering an evaporator, the second line comprising at least a first throttle valve,an evaporator outlet connected by a third line to an absorber inlet for passing vapour from said first fluid into an absorber,the absorber comprising an enriched solution outlet for discharging an enriched solution of said first fluid absorbed in a second fluid,a heat exchanger having an enriched solution inlet and an enriched solution outlet,the absorber enriched solution outlet connected to the enriched solution inlet of the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger in heat transmission contact with heat transmission fluid,the enriched solution outlet of the heat exchanger connected to a suction side of a pump,a circuit in heat transmission contact with the absorber, the circuit having a circuit inlet and a circuit outlet,the delivery side of the pump is connected by a fourth line to the circuit inlet,a fifth line connected to the circuit outlet to connect said circuit to a rich solution inlet of the generator,a bypass line having a bypass line inlet and a bypass line outlet, the bypass line inlet connected to the fourth line upstream of the circuit inlet, the bypass line outlet connected to the fifth line downstream of the circuit outlet,the generator having a poor solution outlet connected by a sixth line provided with a throttle valve to a poor solution inlet of the absorber,the fourth line connected to the bypass line positioned for having rich solution from the fourth line at most partially bypass the circuit,a withdrawal line for introducing liquid refrigerant from the second line into the rich solution at an introduction point downstream of the pump into the bypass line, or a portion of the fourth line upstream of the connection to the bypass line inlet, andthe bypass line comprises a valve for closing the bypass line. 2. A heat pump as claimed in the claim 1, wherein said introduction point is in the bypass line, upstream or downstream of the valve, said valve, when closed, for excluding the withdrawal line from the circuit. 3. A heat pump as claimed in claim 1, wherein said withdrawal line opens into the fourth line upstream of the bypass line, said withdrawal line comprising shutoff means able to exclude the withdrawal line from the circuit and arranged to enter into operation simultaneously with the valve. 4. A heat pump as claimed in claim 1, wherein said withdrawal line opens into the fifth line downstream of the bypass line, said withdrawal line comprising shutoff means able to exclude the withdrawal line from the circuit and arranged to enter into operation simultaneously with the valve. 5. A heat pump as claimed in claim 4, wherein the withdrawal line for withdrawing the liquid refrigerant is connected to the second line at a withdrawal point positioned directly down stream of the condenser. 6. A heat pump as claimed in claim 1, wherein the introduction point is in the form of a venturi or a liquid/liquid injector. 7. A heat pump as claimed in claim 6, wherein a non-return valve is provided in the withdrawal line for flowing refrigerant to the venturi or injector, between the withdrawal point and the introduction point. 8. A heat pump as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sixth line is in heat exchange contact with a central portion of the generator. 9. A heat pump as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fluids of the fifth line and of sixth line are brought into heat transmission contact via a heat exchanger regenerator, the bypass line opening downstream of said heat exchanger regenerator into the rich solution inlet. 10. A pump as claimed in claim 9, wherein a further throttle valve is provided in the sixth line downstream of the heat exchanger regenerator. 11. A method for improving the efficiency of absorption heat pumps under overfeed conditions of the generator, comprising generating, in a generator or desorber, from a first fluid, vapour, and feeding the vapour via a first line to a first condenser in heat exchange contact with heat transmission fluid for cooling the vapour, said first condenser having an inlet receiving the vapour and an outlet discharging the cooled vapour,downstream of the first condenser a second line feeding an evaporator, the second line comprising at least a first throttle valve,an evaporator outlet connected by a third line to an absorber inlet and passing vapour from said first fluid into an absorber through the absorber inlet,discharging through an absorber enriched solution outlet an enriched solution of said first fluid absorbed in a second fluid,passing enriched solution from the absorber enriched solution outlet through a heat exchanger having an enriched solution inlet and an enriched solution outlet,the absorber enriched solution outlet connected to the enriched solution inlet of the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger in heat transmission contact with heat transmission fluid,passing enriched solution from the enriched solution outlet of the heat exchanger connected to a suction side of the pump,a circuit in heat transmission contact with the absorber, the circuit having a circuit inlet and a circuit outlet,passing at least a first portion of said enriched solution from the delivery side of the pump through a fourth line to the circuit inlet,passing at least said first portion of said enriched solution from the circuit inlet, through the circuit, to a circuit outlet, into a fifth line connected to the circuit outlet to connect said circuit to a rich solution inlet of the generator,passing enriched solution through said fifth line from the circuit outlet into the rich solution inlet of the generator,through a bypass line, having a bypass line inlet and a bypass line outlet, the bypass line inlet connected to the fourth line upstream of the circuit inlet, the bypass line outlet connected to the fifth line downstream of the circuit outlet, excludably bypassing the absorber to direct a second portion of the rich solution discharged by the pump directly into the generator, and mix at least part of the rich solution before its entry into the generator with a part of a liquid refrigerant bled-off downstream of a condenser and passed through the withdrawal line, without precluding the operation of a cycle as an absorption heat pump,wherein the bypassing is excludable on the basis of the heat pump working conditions by valve means,passing poor solution from a generator poor solution outlet through a sixth line provided with a throttle valve to a poor solution inlet of the absorber,introducing liquid refrigerant from the second line through a withdrawal line into the rich solution at an introduction point downstream of the pump into the bypass line, or a portion of the fourth line upstream of the connection to the bypass line inlet, andexcluding said withdrawal line from the circuit on command. 12. A method as claimed in claim 11, wherein this mixing takes place by a venture and/or a liquid/liquid injector. 13. An absorption heat pump comprising: an absorber having an absorber poor solution inlet,an absorber rich solution outlet,a heat transmission circuit inlet, anda heat transmission circuit outlet,an absorber vapour inlet,a generator having a generator vapour outlet,a generator rich solution inlet, anda generator poor solution outlet;the heat transmission circuit inlet connected to the absorber rich solution outlet via a heat transmission circuit inlet line,the heat transmission circuit outlet connected to the generator rich solution inlet via a heat transmission circuit outlet line,a bypass line connecting the heat transmission circuit inlet line and the heat transmission circuit outlet line,a condenser having a condenser inlet, connected to the generator vapour outlet, anda condenser outlet, connected both to the absorber poor solution inlet and to the bypass line;an evaporator having an evaporator inlet, andan evaporator vapour outlet,the evaporator vapour outlet connected by an evaporator vapour outlet line to the absorber vapour inlet,wherein no shutoff valve is present on the heat transmission circuit inlet line downstream of the bypass line, such that the heat transmission circuit inlet line is a permanently open conduit between the bypass line and the heat transmission circuit inlet of the absorber. 14. A heat pump as claimed in claim 13, wherein the outlet of the condenser is connected to the bypass line at an introduction point via a withdrawal line and wherein the withdrawal line comprises a valve. 15. A heat pump as claimed in claim 14, wherein the introduction point is in the form of a venturi. 16. A heat pump as claimed in claim 14, wherein the introduction point is in the form of a liquid/liquid injector.
