Tunable wireless energy transfer for in-vehicle applications
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
H03H-007/40
B60L-011/18
출원번호
US-0288616
(2011-11-03)
등록번호
US-8957549
(2015-02-17)
발명자
/ 주소
Kesler, Morris P.
Kurs, Andre B.
Karalis, Aristeidis
Soljacic, Marin
Hall, Katherine L.
Campanella, Andrew J.
출원인 / 주소
WiTricity Corporation
대리인 / 주소
Fish & Richardson P.C.
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
26인용 특허 :
208
초록▼
A mobile wireless receiver for use with a first electromagnetic resonator coupled to a power supply includes a load associated with an electrically powered system that is disposed interior to a vehicle, and a second electromagnetic resonator configured to be coupled to the load and moveable relative
A mobile wireless receiver for use with a first electromagnetic resonator coupled to a power supply includes a load associated with an electrically powered system that is disposed interior to a vehicle, and a second electromagnetic resonator configured to be coupled to the load and moveable relative to the first electromagnetic resonator, wherein the second electromagnetic resonator is configured to be wirelessly coupled to the first electromagnetic resonator to provide resonant, non-radiative wireless power to the second electromagnetic resonator from the first electromagnetic resonator; and wherein the second electromagnetic resonator is configured to be tunable during system operation so as to at least one of tune the power provided to the second electromagnetic resonator and tune the power delivered to the load.
대표청구항▼
1. A mobile wireless receiver for use with a first electromagnetic resonator coupled to a power supply, the first electromagnetic resonator having a mode with a resonant frequency ω1, an intrinsic loss rate Γ1, and a first Q-factor Q1 =ω1/2Γ1, the mobile wireless receiver comprising: a load associat
1. A mobile wireless receiver for use with a first electromagnetic resonator coupled to a power supply, the first electromagnetic resonator having a mode with a resonant frequency ω1, an intrinsic loss rate Γ1, and a first Q-factor Q1 =ω1/2Γ1, the mobile wireless receiver comprising: a load associated with an electrically powered system that is disposed interior to a vehicle; anda second electromagnetic resonator configured to be coupled to the load and moveable relative to the first electromagnetic resonator, the second electromagnetic resonator having a mode with a resonant frequency ω2, an intrinsic loss rate Γ2, and a second Q-factor Q2=ω2/2Γ2;wherein the second electromagnetic resonator is configured to be wirelessly coupled to the first electromagnetic resonator to provide resonant, non-radiative wireless power to the second electromagnetic resonator from the first electromagnetic resonator;wherein the second electromagnetic resonator is configured to be tunable during operation of the electrically powered system so as to at least one of tune the power provided to the second electromagnetic resonator and tune the power delivered to the load; andwherein the second electromagnetic resonator comprises tunable impedance circuits and port parameter measurement circuitry to measure input impedance or reflected power for use in actively adjusting impedance of the tunable impedance circuits during the operation of the electrically powered system in combination with tuning the power provided to the second electromagnetic resonator or tuning the power delivered to the load. 2. The wireless receiver of claim 1, wherein the second electromagnetic resonator comprises circuitry configured to measure magnitude or phase of voltage or current signals, and magnitude of power signals, to monitor system performance. 3. The wireless receiver of claim 1, wherein the port parameter measurement circuitry is configured to measure two or more two port circuit parameters for use in characterizing an electrical behavior of a linear electrical network under different operating or coupling scenarios. 4. The wireless receiver of claim 3, wherein the two or more two port circuit parameters comprise one or more scattering parameters, one or more impedance parameters, one or more admittance parameters, one or more transmission parameters, and one or more hybrid parameters. 5. The wireless receiver of claim 1, wherein the tunable impedance circuits comprise voltage controlled capacitors, and the wireless receiver comprises one or more computer processors programmed to control the voltage controlled capacitors based on reference signals indicating a degree of deviation from a desired system operating point. 6. The wireless receiver of claim 5, wherein the reference signals are derived from the port parameter measurement circuitry and include any of voltage, current, complex-impedance, reflection coefficient, and power levels at two or more points. 7. A power source for wirelessly providing power to a mobile wireless receiver, the power source comprising: a power supply; anda first electromagnetic resonator coupled to the power supply and having a mode with a resonant frequency ω1, an intrinsic loss rate Γ1, and a first Q-factor Q1=ω1/2Γ1, wherein the first electromagnetic resonator is configured to be wirelessly coupled to a second electromagnetic resonator to provide non-radiative wireless power to the second electromagnetic resonator, the second electromagnetic resonator having a mode with a resonant frequency ω2, an intrinsic loss rate Γ2, and a second Q-factor Q2 =ω2/2ω2 and being coupled to a load that is associated with an electrically powered system that is disposed interior to a vehicle;wherein the first electromagnetic resonator is configured to be tunable during operation of the electrically powered system so as to tune the power delivered to the second electromagnetic resonator for use by the load; andwherein the first electromagnetic resonator comprises tunable impedance circuits and port parameter measurement circuitry to measure input impedance or reflected power for use in actively adjusting impedance of the tunable impedance circuits during the operation of the electrically powered system in combination with tuning the power provided to the second electromagnetic resonator for use by the load. 8. The power source of claim 7, wherein the first electromagnetic resonator comprises circuitry configured to measure magnitude or phase of voltage or current signals, and magnitude of power signals, to monitor system performance. 9. The power source of claim 7, wherein the port parameter measurement circuitry is configured to measure two or more two port circuit parameters for use in characterizing an electrical behavior of a linear electrical network under different operating or coupling scenarios. 10. The power source of claim 9, wherein the two or more two port circuit parameters comprise one or more scattering parameters, one or more impedance parameters, one or more admittance parameters, one or more transmission parameters, and one or more hybrid parameters. 11. The power source of claim 7, wherein the tunable impedance circuits comprise voltage controlled capacitors, and the power source comprises one or more computer processors programmed to control the voltage controlled capacitors based on reference signals indicating a degree of deviation from a desired system operating point. 12. The power source of claim 11, wherein the reference signals are derived from the port parameter measurement circuitry and include any of voltage, current, complex-impedance, reflection coefficient, and power levels at two or more points. 13. A mobile wireless power system, comprising: a first electromagnetic resonator coupled to a power supply, the first electromagnetic resonator having a mode with a resonant frequency ω1, an intrinsic loss rate Γ1, and a first Q-factor Q1 =ω1/2Γ1; anda second electromagnetic resonator coupled to a load that is associated with an electrically powered system that is disposed interior to a vehicle, the second electromagnetic resonator having a mode with a resonant frequency (ω2, an intrinsic loss rate Γ2, and a second Q-factor Q2 =ω2/2Γ2;wherein each of the first electromagnetic resonator and the second electromagnetic resonator is configured to be tunable during operation of the power system so as to at least one of tune the power provided to the second electromagnetic resonator and tune the power delivered to the load; andwherein each of the first electromagnetic resonator and the second electromagnetic resonator comprises tunable impedance circuits and port parameter measurement circuitry to measure input impedance or reflected power for use in actively adjusting impedance of the tunable impedance circuits during the operation of the power system in combination with tuning the power provided to the second electromagnetic resonator or tuning the power delivered to the load. 14. The power system of claim 13, wherein each of the first electromagnetic resonator and the second electromagnetic resonator comprises circuitry configured to measure magnitude or phase of voltage or current signals, and magnitude of power signals, to monitor system performance. 15. The power system of claim 13, wherein the port parameter measurement circuitry is configured to measure two or more two port circuit parameters for use in characterizing an electrical behavior of a linear electrical network under different operating or coupling scenarios. 16. The power system of claim 15, wherein the two or more two port circuit parameters comprise one or more scattering parameters, one or more impedance parameters, one or more admittance parameters, one or more transmission parameters, and one or more hybrid parameters. 17. The power system of claim 13, wherein the tunable impedance circuits comprise voltage controlled capacitors, and the power system comprises one or more computer processors programmed to control the voltage controlled capacitors based on reference signals indicating a degree of deviation from a desired system operating point. 18. The power system of claim 17, wherein the reference signals are derived from the port parameter measurement circuitry and include any of voltage, current, complex-impedance, reflection coefficient, and power levels at two or more points. 19. The power system of claim 17, wherein the one or more computer processors are programmed to generate control signals capable of varying each of a resonant frequency, an input impedance, a power level provided by the power supply, and a power level drawn by the load, to achieve a desired power exchange between the power supply and the load. 20. The power system of claim 17, wherein the voltage controlled capacitors include at least one voltage controlled capacitor formed from a two dimensional array of unbiased varactors. 21. The power system of claim 17, wherein the voltage controlled capacitors include at least one voltage controlled switch that switches capacitors in and out of the tunable impedance circuits. 22. The power system of claim 17, wherein the reference signals are derived from the port parameter measurement circuitry and include any of voltage, current, complex-impedance, reflection coefficient, and power levels at more than one frequency. 23. The power system of claim 17, wherein the first Q-factor Q1 and the second Q-factor Q2 are each greater than 100. 24. The power source of claim 11, wherein the one or more computer processors are programmed to generate control signals capable of varying each of a resonant frequency, an input impedance, a power level provided by the power supply, and a power level drawn by the load, to achieve a desired power exchange between the power supply and the load. 25. The power source of claim 11, wherein the voltage controlled capacitors include at least one voltage controlled capacitor formed from a two dimensional array of unbiased varactors. 26. The power source of claim 11, wherein the voltage controlled capacitors include at least one voltage controlled switch that switches capacitors in and out of the tunable impedance circuits. 27. The power source of claim 11, wherein the reference signals are derived from the port parameter measurement circuitry and include any of voltage, current, complex-impedance, reflection coefficient, and power levels at more than one frequency. 28. The power source of claim 11, wherein the first Q-factor Q1 is greater than 100. 29. The wireless receiver of claim 5, wherein the one or more computer processors are programmed to generate control signals capable of varying each of a resonant frequency, an input impedance, a power level provided by the power supply, and a power level drawn by the load, to achieve a desired power exchange between the power supply and the load. 30. The wireless receiver of claim 5, wherein the voltage controlled capacitors include at least one voltage controlled capacitor formed from a two dimensional array of unbiased varactors. 31. The wireless receiver of claim 5, wherein the voltage controlled capacitors include at least one voltage controlled switch that switches capacitors in and out of the tunable impedance circuits. 32. The wireless receiver of claim 5, wherein the reference signals are derived from the port parameter measurement circuitry and include any of voltage, current, complex-impedance, reflection coefficient, and power levels at more than one frequency. 33. The wireless receiver of claim 5, wherein the second Q-factor Q2 is greater than 100.
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