Apparatus for turbulent combustion of fly ash
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
F23G-005/00
C04B-018/08
F23G-005/24
F23G-005/32
출원번호
US-0424364
(2006-06-15)
등록번호
US-8960107
(2015-02-24)
발명자
/ 주소
Knowles, Jimmy Clements
Storm, Richard F.
출원인 / 주소
The SEFA Group Inc.
대리인 / 주소
Dearth, Miles B.
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
1인용 특허 :
17
초록▼
An apparatus for processing fly ash comprising a heated refractory-lined vessel having a series of spaced angled rows of swirl-inducing nozzles which cause cyclonic and/or turbulent air flow of the fly ash when introduced in the vessel, thus increasing the residence time of airborne particles. Also
An apparatus for processing fly ash comprising a heated refractory-lined vessel having a series of spaced angled rows of swirl-inducing nozzles which cause cyclonic and/or turbulent air flow of the fly ash when introduced in the vessel, thus increasing the residence time of airborne particles. Also disclosed is a method of fly ash beneficiation using the apparatus.
대표청구항▼
1. An apparatus capable of self-sustaining combustion to provide beneficiated small particulate combustion products as an output product by beneficiating small particulate combustion products, said small particulate combustion products comprising at least one of fly ash or other previously-combusted
1. An apparatus capable of self-sustaining combustion to provide beneficiated small particulate combustion products as an output product by beneficiating small particulate combustion products, said small particulate combustion products comprising at least one of fly ash or other previously-combusted fine particulate material, said small particulate combustion products containing unburned carbon, the apparatus comprising: a) a single, vertically-oriented refractory-lined pneumatic transport solid gas reaction vessel having a top portion comprising an exit and a liquid injection device, a bottom portion without burners, and; a side wall between the top portion and the bottom portion, the side wall comprising an internal wall and an external wall, and having an upper section and a lower section, the internal wall defining a cylindrical volume having substantially the same cross-sectional area between the top portion and the bottom portion;b) at least one burner associated with the lower section of said side wall to at least initially heat the inside of said vessel;c) a first gas injection device associated with at least one of said bottom and said side wall to inject air or another gas into the vessel, the first gas injection device comprising at least one of a first set of nozzles or a manifold having a plurality of heads, said first gas injection device being disposed below said burner, at least a portion of said nozzles or heads being aimed at an upward angle so as to create a swirling and turbulent air flow patterns within said vessel thereby inhibiting particulate material fallout, and a second gas injection device associated with said side wall and comprising at least one of a set of nozzles or a manifold having a plurality of heads arranged so as to provide said swirling and turbulent air flow patterns to effect solid-to-solid contact of said at least one of fly ash or other previously-combusted fine particulate material with said refractory-lined wall thereby providing capability for self-sustaining combustion;d) at least one feed port associated with the lower section of said side wall to introduce said small particulate combustion products into said vessel above said first gas injection device, whereby at least some of said unburned carbon in said small particulate combustion products is combusted to produce beneficiated small particulate combustion products that travel under swirling and turbulent air flow the length of the internal wall circumference of said vessel many times in a generally upward helical or spiraling path and exit said vessel through the exit located at said top portion of said vessel;e) the liquid injection device comprising at least one of a set of nozzles or a manifold having a plurality of heads to inject liquid at the top portion of the vessel to cause the small particulate combustion products to be or to remain in a finely divided state;f) a separator device having an output line and a recycle line, the separator configured to separate most of the beneficiated small particulate combustion products from the flow exiting the vessel via the exit at the top portion of the vessel to provide said beneficiated small particulate combustion products as said output product through the output line and to return a portion of the small particulate combustion products to the vessel via the recycle line;g) at least one heat exchanger to cool said beneficiated small particulate combustion products exiting from the exit at the top portion of said vessel; andh) a collector device to remove most of the small particulate combustion products exiting from the heat exchanger to provide the beneficiated small particulate combustion products as said output product, the output product having a reduced carbon content and reduced particle size relative to said feed. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a downwardly-angled injection device comprising at least one of a set of nozzles or a manifold having a plurality of heads, said downwardly-angled injection device being associated with said side wall of said vessel and positioned toward said top portion of said vessel to introduce air, other gas or material into the vessel and arranged so as to create turbulent flow within the vessel, so as to increase the time spent within the vessel by the small particulate combustion products. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of said second gas injection device is oriented to direct air, other gas or material in a direction generally pointing away from said side wall of said vessel. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an injection device associated with said side wall of said vessel to introduce materials selected from the group consisting of foreign particulate matter, gases, or liquids into said staging zone said materials being capable of controlling reactions occurring in said staging zone. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the volume of air or other gas introduced by said injection devices into said vessel is of sufficient stoichiometric ratio to cause the desired reaction of components in said vessel to occur. 6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said liquid injection device comprises a set of water injection nozzles. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a cooling device to cool said beneficiated small particulate combustion products exiting from the exit of said vessel. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein said cooling device is at least one heat exchanger. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, and further comprising a gas-solids separator to remove at least some of the beneficiated small particulate combustion products from the flow exiting from the top portion of said vessel. 10. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said vessel, said burner, said feed port, and said first and said second injection devices form a pneumatic transport reactor. 11. An apparatus capable of self-sustaining combustion to provide beneficiated small particulate combustion products as an output product by beneficiating small particulate combustion products, said small particulate combustion products comprising at least one of fly ash or other previously combusted fine particulate material, the apparatus comprising: a) a single, refractory-lined pneumatic transport solid gas reaction vessel having a top portion comprising an exit and a liquid injection device, a bottom portion without burners, and a side wall between the top portion and the bottom portion the side wall comprising an internal wall and an external wall, and having an upper section and a lower section, the internal wall defining a cylindrical volume having substantially the same cross-sectional area between the top portion and the bottom portion;b) at least one burner associated with the lower section of said side wall to at least initially heat the inside of said vessel;c) a first gas injection device associated with at least one of said bottom and said side wall to inject air or another gas into the vessel, the first gas injection device comprising at least one of a set of nozzles or a manifold having a plurality of heads, said first gas injection device being disposed below said burner in a spaced relationship, at least a portion of said nozzles or heads being aimed upward to create a swirling, and generally upward helical flow within said vessel to create a reaction zone and inhibit particulate material fallout;d) a second gas injection device associated with said side wall to inject at least one of air or another gas into the vessel, said second gas injection device comprising a set of nozzles or a manifold having a plurality of heads, said second gas injection device being generally midways between said top portion and said bottom portion of said vessel and oriented to induce swirling and turbulence of said small particulate combustion products in said vessel to effect solid-to-solid contact of said at least one of fly ash or other previously-combusted fine particulate material with said refractory-lined wall;e) an injection device associated with said side wall, said injection device comprising a set of nozzles or a manifold having a plurality of heads, said injection device being positioned toward said top portion of said vessel so as to create a staging zone to direct at least one of air, other gas or material in a direction generally away from said side wall of said vessel, said injection device to introduce different materials into said vessel, said different materials being capable of controlling reactions occurring in said vessel;f) a third gas injection device associated with said side wall to inject at least one of air or another gas into the vessel, said third gas injection device comprising at least one of a set of nozzles or a manifold having a plurality of heads positioned: (i) either to create turbulence in the reaction zone or to enhance turbulence within the reaction zone, (ii) to disrupt upward swirling flow patterns, and (iii) to increase the time the small particulate combustion products reside in said vessel;g) at least one feed port associated with the lower section of said side wall to introduce said small particulate combustion products into said vessel, whereby at least some of said unburned carbon in said small particulate combustion products is combusted to produce beneficiated small particulate combustion products that travel under swirling and turbulent air flow the length of the internal wall circumference of said vessel many times in a generally upward helical or spiraling path and exit through the exit located at said top portion of said vessel;h) the liquid injection device comprising at least a set of injection nozzles or a manifold having a plurality of heads to inject a liquid at the top portion of the vessel to cause the small particulate combustion products to be or to remain in a finely divided state;i) a separator device having an output line and a recycle line, the separator configured to separate most of the beneficiated small particulate combustion products from the flow exiting the vessel via the exit at the top portion of the vessel to provide said beneficiated small particulate combustion products as said output product through the output line and to return a portion of the small particulate combustion products to the vessel via the recycle line;j) at least one heat exchanger to cool said small particulate combustion products exiting from the exit at the top portion of said vessel; andk) a collector device to remove most of the small particulate combustion products exiting from the heat exchanger to provide the beneficiated small particulate combustion products as said output product. 12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein said vessel, said burner, said feed port, and said injection devices form a pneumatic transport reactor.
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