IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
|
국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 |
US-0660073
(2012-10-25)
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등록번호 |
US-8962208
(2015-02-24)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
- Mussro, Joseph
- Zhang, Yanyan
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출원인 / 주소 |
- GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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대리인 / 주소 |
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인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
2 인용 특허 :
2 |
초록
▼
A method and device for predictively controlling the speed of a compressor used in conjunction with a fuel cell stack. Feedforward command signals are generated based on fuel cell stack setpoints that are based on stack humidification requirements. A pressure drop model uses these setpoints to deter
A method and device for predictively controlling the speed of a compressor used in conjunction with a fuel cell stack. Feedforward command signals are generated based on fuel cell stack setpoints that are based on stack humidification requirements. A pressure drop model uses these setpoints to determine a compressor outlet pressure setpoint change brought about by an operational transient. A recursive approach is used to solve for one or more future or desired compressor operating conditions. The results of this recursive approach are used to determine the feedforward speed command of the compressor, where known operational parameters (such as can be found on a compressor map) may be used. This permits rapid changes in compressor speed to comply with the new operating point of the fuel cell system that is brought about by the operational transient.
대표청구항
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1. A method for predictively controlling the speed of a compressor used in conjunction with a fuel cell stack, said method comprising: receiving at a controller data corresponding to fuel cell stack and compressor operating conditions;determining through said controller a future compressor outlet pr
1. A method for predictively controlling the speed of a compressor used in conjunction with a fuel cell stack, said method comprising: receiving at a controller data corresponding to fuel cell stack and compressor operating conditions;determining through said controller a future compressor outlet pressure setpoint using a stack operating pressure setpoint, a cathode stoichiometry setpoint and said received data;determining through said controller at least one compressor operating condition at a desired fuel cell stack operating point;determining a feedforward compressor speed through said controller, said feedforward compressor speed based on said determined at least one compressor operating condition in conjunction with compressor operational data;determining a feedback term to eliminate error between the future compressor outlet pressure setpoint and the feedforward compressor speed, the feedback term is calculated using said fuel cell stack operating point and a stack flow feedback; anddelivering through said controller a feedforward compressor speed control signal to said compressor to adjust a speed thereof wherein said feedforward compressor speed control signal is the sum of said feedforward compressor speed and said feedback term. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said stack operating pressure and cathode stoichiometry setpoints are determined based on humidification requirements for each of a plurality of operating points of said stack. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said determining a future compressor outlet pressure setpoint comprises operating a pressure drop model where both turbulent flow elements and laminar flow elements are used. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein said at least one future compressor operating condition is selected from the group consisting of predicted compressor inlet pressure, future compressor recirculation valve flow, required compressor total flow, predicted steady state compressor inlet temperature and predicted steady state compressor outlet temperature. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein said determining at least one future compressor operating condition at a desired fuel cell stack operating point further comprises using at least one of an enthalpy mixing model and an estimated compressor adiabatic efficiency. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein said compressor operational data is derived from a compressor pressure ratio setpoint and a corrected compressor discharge rate. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein said compressor pressure ratio setpoint and corrected compressor discharge rate is derived from a compressor map. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein said determining a feedforward compressor speed comprises recursively solving for said at least one future compressor operating condition. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein said at least one future compressor operating condition comprises at least one of predicted compressor inlet pressure, future compressor recirculation valve flow, required compressor total flow and predicted steady state compressor inlet and outlet temperatures using an enthalpy mixing model and estimated compressor adiabatic efficiency. 10. A method of delivering reactant to a fuel cell stack in response to an operational transient, said method comprising: receiving at a controller, fuel cell stack data and compressor data corresponding to said operational transient;using said controller to determine a desired fuel stack operating point;using said controller to retrieve from memory a humidity requirement at said desired fuel stack operating point;using said controller to determine a stack operating pressure setpoint, a cathode stoichiometry setpoint, and a stack operating flow setpoint, all based on said humidity requirement and wherein said cathode stoichiometry setpoint is determined from a current produced by said fuel cell stack;using said controller to determine a compressor outlet pressure setpoint using said fuel stack data, said compressor data, said stack operating pressure setpoint, said humidity operating setpoint, and said stack operating flow setpoint;using said controller to determine at least one compressor operating condition at said desired fuel cell stack operating point through a recursive algorithm utilizing a compressor inlet pressure model, a recirculation valve model, a compressor map, and said compressor outlet pressure setpoint;using said controller to determine a feedforward compressor speed based on said at least one compressor operating condition in conjunction with compressor operational data; anddelivering through said controller a feedforward compressor speed control signal to said compressor to adjust a speed thereof. 11. A fuel cell system comprising: a fuel cell stack comprising a plurality of individual fuel cells each of which comprises an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte disposed between said anode and said cathode;an anode flowpath configured to convey a first reactant to said anodes of said plurality of individual fuel cells;a cathode flowpath configured to convey a second reactant to said cathodes of said plurality of individual fuel cells;a fluid pumping device cooperative with said cathode flowpath such that said fluid pumping device can vary an amount of said second reactant thereto; anda controller configured to provide instructions to said fluid pumping device in response to operational transients, said controller configured to: receive data corresponding to operating conditions of said fuel cell stack and said fluid pumping mechanism wherein said data comprises a stack flow feedback, an ambient pressure, an ambient temperature, a current of the fuel cell stack;determine a desired fuel stack operating point;retrieve from memory a humidity requirement at said desired fuel stack operating point;determine a stack operating pressure setpoint, a cathode stoichiometry setpoint, and a stack operating flow setpoint, all based on said humidity requirement and wherein said cathode stoichiometry setpoint is determined from said current produced by said fuel cell stack;determine a future outlet pressure setpoint of said fluid pumping device using said received data, said stack operating pressure setpoint, said humidity operating setpoint, and said stack operating flow setpoint;determine at least one operating condition of said fluid pumping device at said desired fuel cell stack operating point through a recursive algorithm utilizing a compressor inlet pressure model, a recirculation valve model, a compressor map, and said future pressure outlet setpoint;determine a feedforward speed command for said fluid pumping device based on said at least one operating condition of said fluid pumping device in conjunction with said data of said fluid pumping device; anddeliver a feedforward control signal to adjust a speed of said fluid pumping device. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein said fluid pumping device comprises a compressor. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein said feedforward control signal is is the sum of said feedforward compressor speed command and a feedback term, said feedback term is calculated using said fuel cell stack operating point and said stack flow feedback. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising an active braking function wherein the feedforward compressor speed control signal is used to apply a negative torque to incur an abrupt change in the compressor speed. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein said cathode stoichiometry setpoint is determined from a current produced by said fuel cell stack. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein determining through said controller a future compressor outlet pressure further comprises determining a stack overflow setpoint. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein the recursive algorithm further utilizes an enthalpy mixing model and estimated compressor adiabatic efficiency to determine that at least one operating condition that corresponds to said operational transient. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the at least one operating condition comprises a predicted compressor inlet pressure, a future compressor recirculation valve flow, a required compressor total flow, and a predicted steady state compressor inlet and outlet temperatures. 19. The system of claim 12, wherein the recursive algorithm further utilizes an enthalpy mixing model and estimated compressor adiabatic efficiency to determine that at least one operating condition that corresponds to said operational transient. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the at least one operating condition comprises a predicted compressor inlet pressure, a future compressor recirculation valve flow, a required compressor total flow, and a predicted steady state compressor inlet and outlet temperatures.
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