Gasifier having integrated fuel cell power generation system
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
B01J-007/00
F02C-003/28
H01M-008/06
C10J-003/48
C01B-003/44
H01M-008/12
C10J-003/62
출원번호
US-0309354
(2011-12-01)
등록번호
US-8968433
(2015-03-03)
발명자
/ 주소
Chandran, Ravi
출원인 / 주소
Thermochem Recovery International, Inc.
대리인 / 주소
Womble Carlyle
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
7인용 특허 :
6
초록▼
A direct carbonaceous material to power generation system integrates one or more solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) into a fluidized bed gasifier. The fuel cell anode is in direct contact with bed material so that the H2 and CO generated in the bed are oxidized to H2O and CO2 to create a push-pull or sou
A direct carbonaceous material to power generation system integrates one or more solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) into a fluidized bed gasifier. The fuel cell anode is in direct contact with bed material so that the H2 and CO generated in the bed are oxidized to H2O and CO2 to create a push-pull or source-sink reaction environment. The SOFC is exothermic and supplies heat within a reaction chamber of the gasifier where the fluidized bed conducts an endothermic reaction. The products from the anode are the reactants for the reformer and vice versa. A lower bed in the reaction chamber may comprise engineered multi-function material which may incorporate one or more catalysts and reactant adsorbent sites to facilitate excellent heat and mass transfer and fluidization dynamics in fluidized beds. The catalyst is capable of cracking tars and reforming hydrocarbons.
대표청구항▼
1. A carbonaceous material gasifier and power generation system, comprising: a reaction vessel having a longitudinal axis (A) extending in a vertical direction and defining a gasifier chamber suitable for receiving a feedstock comprising a carbonaceous material and producing product gas from the car
1. A carbonaceous material gasifier and power generation system, comprising: a reaction vessel having a longitudinal axis (A) extending in a vertical direction and defining a gasifier chamber suitable for receiving a feedstock comprising a carbonaceous material and producing product gas from the carbonaceous material, the gasifier chamber having a fluidized bed and being connected to a source of steam which is in communication with the fluidized bed;a freeboard area located vertically above the fluidized bed;an outlet coupled to the freeboard area to permit the exit of product gas from the gasifier chamber; anda plurality of fuel cell elements which protrude into bed material of the fluidized bed in the gasifier chamber, the fuel cell elements configured to conduct an exothermic reaction and provide heat sufficient to gasify said carbonaceous material and produce the product gas, while simultaneously generating power; wherein:each fuel cell element extends in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis (A); andan anode of each fuel cell element is in direct contact with the bed material of the fluidized bed. 2. The system according to claim 1, wherein: each fuel cell element is in the form of an elongated tube comprising an outer anode, an inner cathode and a ceramic electrode between outer anode and the inner cathode. 3. The system according to claim 1, wherein: at least some of the plurality of fuel cell elements are associated with a fuel cell module; andthe fuel cell module comprises: an oxidant manifold through which one or more of air, O2 and enriched air are supplied to the fuel cell elements; anda spent oxidant plenum configured to provide to the removal of N2 or O2 and/or other gases that were not consumed by the fuel cell elements. 4. The system according to claim 1, further comprising: at least one feedstock inlet configured to introduce feedstock into a drying and devolatilization zone within the gasifier chamber. 5. The system according to claim 1, further comprising: a plurality of indirect heater conduits protruding into the gasifier chamber. 6. The system according to claim 5, wherein: spaced apart first and second sets of indirect heater conduits protrude into the gasifier chamber from a sidewall thereof;spaced apart first and second sets of fuel cell elements protrude in the gasifier chamber from a sidewall thereof; andthe first and second sets of indirect heater conduits are between the first and second sets of fuel cell elements, along the longitudinal axis of the reaction vessel. 7. The system according to claim 5, further comprising: at least one feedstock inlet positioned between the first and second sets of indirect heater conduits, the at least one feedstock inlet configured to introduce feedstock into a drying and devolatilization zone within the gasifier chamber. 8. The system according to claim 5, wherein: the first and second sets of indirect heater conduits protrude into the gasifier chamber from a first wall of the reaction vessel;the first and second sets of fuel cell elements protrude into the gasifier chamber from a second wall of the reaction vessel, the second wall opposing the first wall; andat least some of the indirect heater conduits and at least some of the fuel cell elements overlap along the longitudinal axis. 9. The system according to claim 8, wherein the reaction vessel has a rectangular cross-section. 10. The system according to claim 5, wherein: the indirect heaters generally play no role in supplying heat to sustain gasification reactions, during steady state operation of the gasifier chamber. 11. The system according to claim 1, wherein: anodes of the fuel cell elements are in direct contact with the bed material so that the H2 and CO generated in the bed are oxidized to H2O and CO2, and the H2O and CO2 react with carbonaceous material to generate H2 and CO to create a push-pull reaction environment. 12. A method of converting a carbonaceous material into a product gas while also generating power, the method comprising: providing the system of claim 1;introducing a carbonaceous material into a drying and devolatilization zone within the gasifier chamber; andoperating the fuel cell elements to create heat sufficient to gasify said carbonaceous material and produce a product gas, while simultaneously generating power. 13. The method according to claim 12, comprising: prior to operating the fuel cell elements to create heat sufficient to gasify said carbonaceous material, operating indirect heaters to bring a fluidized bed within the gasifier chamber to a temperature sufficient to gasify said carbonaceous material. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein: the indirect heaters generally play no role in supplying heat to sustain gasification reactions, during steady state operation of the gasifier chamber. 15. The method according to claim 12, comprising: directly contacting anodes of the fuel cell elements with bed material so that the H2 and CO generated in the bed are oxidized to H2O and CO2 , and the H2O and CO2 react with carbonaceous material to generate H2 and CO to create a push-pull reaction environment. 16. A carbonaceous material gasifier and power generation system, comprising: a reaction vessel having a longitudinal axis (A) extending in a vertical direction, defining a gasifier chamber and having a carbonaceous material feedstock inlet and a fluidized bed, the gasifier chamber being connected to a source of steam which is in communication with the fluidized bed;a freeboard area located vertically above the fluidized bed;an outlet coupled to the freeboard area to permit the exit of product gas from the gasifier chamber; andone or more fuel cell modules connected to the reaction vessel, each fuel cell module comprising a fuel cell element having a fuel cell anode portion immersed within the fluidized bed, the anode portion directly contacting the fluidized bed; wherein:each fuel cell element extends in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis (A); andeach fuel cell element is configured to: (a) accept H2 and CO generated from carbonaceous material within the gasifier chamber;(b) electrochemically oxidize said H2 and CO to produce power; and(c) output H2O and CO2 into the fluidized bed with energy sufficient to sustain reforming and gasification reactions of said carbonaceous material and produce additional H2 and CO. 17. The system according to claim 16, wherein each fuel cell module comprises: an oxidant manifold through which one or more of air, O2 and enriched air are supplied to the fuel cell elements; anda spent oxidant plenum configured to provide to the removal of N2 or O2 and/or other gases that were not consumed by the fuel cell elements; andeach fuel cell element is in the form of an elongated tube comprising an outer anode, an inner cathode and a ceramic electrode between outer anode and the inner cathode. 18. The system according to claim 17, further comprising: spaced apart first and second sets of indirect heater conduits protruding into the gasifier chamber from a sidewall of the reaction vessel; andspaced apart first and second sets of fuel cell elements protruding in the gasifier chamber from a sidewall of the reaction vessel; whereinthe first and second sets of indirect heater conduits are between the first and second sets of fuel cell elements, along a longitudinal axis of the reaction vessel. 19. The system according to claim 18, wherein: the first and second sets of indirect heater conduits protrude into the gasifier chamber from a first wall of the reaction vessel;the first and second sets of fuel cell elements protrude into the gasifier chamber from a second wall of the reaction vessel, the second wall opposing the first wall; andat least some of the indirect heater conduits and at least some of the fuel cell elements overlap along the longitudinal axis. 20. The system according to claim 18, wherein: the carbonaceous material feedstock inlet is positioned between the first and second sets of indirect heater conduits, and is configured to introduce carbonaceous material into a drying and devolatilization zone within the gasifier chamber.
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이 특허에 인용된 특허 (6)
Gr Turgut M. (Palo Alto CA) Huggins Robert A. (Stanford CA), Direct electrochemical conversion of carbon to electrical energy in a high temperature fuel cell.
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