초록 ▼

According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a part for an article of equipment includes a fluid conducting first region including a corrosion resistant first material, and a fluid conducting second region including a second material. The first region and the second region are either directly

According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a part for an article of equipment includes a fluid conducting first region including a corrosion resistant first material, and a fluid conducting second region including a second material. The first region and the second region are either directly or indirectly joined by solid state welding to form a unitary fluid conducting part. According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a method for replacing at least one fluid conducting part of an article of equipment is disclosed wherein a replacement part is provided that includes a fluid conducting first region including a corrosion resistant first material, and a fluid conducting second region including a second material. The second material is substantially identical to the material of a region of the equipment on which the replacement part is mounted. The first and second regions are either directly or indirectly joined by solid state welding to form a unitary fluid conducting replacement part. The replacement part is secured to the article of equipment by a process comprising fusion welding the second material of the second region of the replacement part to the substantially identical material of the mounting region of the article of equipment.

대표청구항 ▼

1. A method for making a tube, the method comprising: providing a hollow first cylinder of a nickel alloy, the first cylinder having an outer surface;providing a hollow second cylinder of a steel alloy, the second cylinder having an inner surface, wherein the first cylinder can fit within the second

1. A method for making a tube, the method comprising: providing a hollow first cylinder of a nickel alloy, the first cylinder having an outer surface;providing a hollow second cylinder of a steel alloy, the second cylinder having an inner surface, wherein the first cylinder can fit within the second cylinder;reducing surface roughness of at least one of the outer surface of the first cylinder and the inner surface of the second cylinder;disposing the first cylinder within the second cylinder so that the outer surface of the first cylinder opposes the inner surface of the second cylinder to provide a billet;induction heating the billet to a temperature in the range of 550° C. to 900° C.; andextruding the induction heated billet at an extrusion rate in the range of 50 mm/minute to 900 mm/minute, thereby metallurgically bonding the outer surface of the first cylinder to the inner surface of the second cylinder, and providing a tube comprising a wall including an inner layer and an outer layer, wherein the tube lacks an interdiffusion layer between the inner layer and the outer layer. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the steel alloy is selected from the group consisting of carbon steel, maraging steel, tool steel, and stainless steel. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein reducing surface roughness of at least one of the outer surface of the first cylinder and the inner surface of the second cylinder comprises reducing surface roughness to no greater than 63 micro-inches RA. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising reducing foreign contamination on at least one of the outer surface of the first cylinder and the inner surface of the second cylinder using at least one of mechanical conditioning, acid etching, a solvent cleaner, and an alkaline cleaner on at least one of the outer surface of the first cylinder and the inner surface of the second cylinder. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein reducing foreign contamination on at least one of the outer surface of the first cylinder and the inner surface of the second cylinder comprises cleaning at least one of the outer surface of the first cylinder and the inner surface of the second cylinder using a cleaning method that does not deposit a cleaning agent residue on the cleaned surface. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising ice blasting at least one of the outer surface of the first cylinder and the inner surface the second cylinder. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein ice blasting comprises propelling crystalline water against a surface, thereby mechanically scrubbing and liquid flushing the surface. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising, before heating and extruding the billet, welding together end joints of the first cylinder and the second cylinder to provide a multi-layer billet suitable for extrusion and including an airtight space between the opposed outer surface of the first cylinder and the inner surface of the second cylinder. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the end joints are welded together with an electron beam weld. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the electron beam weld penetrates the end joints a depth ranging from 5 mm to 50 mm. 11. The method of claim 1, comprising extruding the billet at an extrusion ratio in the range of 3:1 to 30:1. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the tube lacks substantial compositional gradients, intermetallic compounds, and alloying at the metallurgical bond formed between the inner layer and the outer layer. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising: heat treating the tube; andcold working the tube to reduce a thickness of the wall of the tube. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the cold working comprises cold pilgering the tube. 15. A method for making a tube, the method comprising: providing a hollow first cylinder of a nickel alloy, the first cylinder having an outer surface;providing a hollow second cylinder of a second material different than the nickel alloy, the second cylinder having an inner surface, wherein the first cylinder can fit within the second cylinder;reducing surface roughness of the outer surface of the first cylinder and the inner surface of the second cylinder;disposing the first cylinder within the second cylinder so that the outer surface of the first cylinder opposes the inner surface of the second cylinder to provide a billet; andinduction heating the billet to extrusion temperature; andextruding the induction heated billet at an extrusion rate in the range of 50 mm/minute to 900 mm/minute, metallurgically bonding the outer surface of the first cylinder to the inner surface of the second cylinder, and providing a tube comprising a wall including an inner layer and an outer layer, wherein the tube lacks an interdiffusion layer, intermetallic compounds, and alloying at the metallurgical bond formed between the inner layer and the outer layer. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the second material is selected from the group consisting of titanium, titanium alloys, niobium, niobium alloys, tantalum, tantalum alloys, carbon steel, maraging steel, tool steel, and stainless steel. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein reducing surface roughness of the outer surface of the first cylinder and the inner surface of the second cylinder comprises reducing surface roughness to no greater than 63 micro-inches RA. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising reducing foreign contamination on at least one of the outer surface of the first cylinder and the inner surface of the second cylinder using at least one of mechanical conditioning, acid etching, a solvent cleaner, and an alkaline cleaner on at least one of the outer surface of the first cylinder and the inner surface of the second cylinder. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein reducing foreign contamination on at least one of the outer surface of the first cylinder and the inner surface of the second cylinder comprises cleaning at least one of the outer surface of the first cylinder and the inner surface of the second cylinder using a cleaning method that does not deposit a cleaning agent residue on the cleaned surface. 20. The method of claim 15, further comprising propelling crystalline water against at least one of the outer surface of the first cylinder and the inner surface the second cylinder, thereby mechanically scrubbing and liquid flushing the surface. 21. The method of claim 15, further comprising, before heating and extruding the billet, welding together end joints of the first cylinder and the second cylinder to provide a multi-layer billet suitable for extrusion and including an airtight space between the opposed outer surface of the first cylinder and the inner surface of the second cylinder. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the end joints are welded together with an electron beam weld. 23. The method of claim 15, comprising induction heating the billet to a temperature in the range of 550° C. to 900° C. before extruding the billet. 24. The method of claim 15, comprising extruding the billet in an extrusion apparatus comprising an extrusion ram that is advanced at a rate in the range of 50 mm/minute to 900 mm/minute during an extrusion cycle. 25. The method of claim 15, further comprising: heat treating the tube; andcold working the tube to reduce a thickness of the wall of the tube. 26. The method of claim 1, further comprising friction welding the multi-layer tube to a mono-layer tube section, the mono-layer tube section comprising a steel alloy or a nickel alloy. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the multi-layer tube is inertia welded to the mono-layer tube section. 28. The method of claim 15, further comprising friction welding the multi-layer tube to a mono-layer tube section, the mono-layer tube section comprising a steel alloy or a nickel alloy. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the multi-layer tube is inertia welded to the mono-layer tube section. 30. A method for making a tube, the method comprising: providing a hollow first cylinder comprising a first alloy, the first cylinder having an outer surface;providing a hollow second cylinder comprising a second alloy, the second cylinder having an inner surface, wherein the first cylinder can fit within the second cylinder;reducing surface roughness of at least one of the outer surface of the first cylinder and the inner surface of the second cylinder;disposing the first cylinder within the second cylinder so that the outer surface of the first cylinder opposes the inner surface of the second cylinder to provide a billet;induction heating the billet to a temperature in the range of 550° C. to 900° C.;extruding the induction heated billet at an extrusion rate in the range of 50 mm/minute to 900 mm/minute, thereby forming a tube comprising a metallurgical bond lacking an interdiffusion layer between the outer surface of the first cylinder and the inner surface of the second cylinder; andcold working the tube.