Monitoring electrolyte concentrations in redox flow battery systems
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
H01M-008/00
G01R-031/36
H01M-008/18
출원번호
US-0432243
(2012-03-28)
등록번호
US-8980484
(2015-03-17)
발명자
/ 주소
Chang, On Kok
Sopchak, David Andrew
Pham, Ai Quoc
Kinoshita, Kimio
출원인 / 주소
Enervault Corporation
대리인 / 주소
The Marbury Law Group, PLLC
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
2인용 특허 :
165
초록▼
Methods, systems and structures for monitoring, managing electrolyte concentrations in redox flow batteries are provided by introducing a first quantity of a liquid electrolyte into a first chamber of a test cell and introducing a second quantity of the liquid electrolyte into a second chamber of th
Methods, systems and structures for monitoring, managing electrolyte concentrations in redox flow batteries are provided by introducing a first quantity of a liquid electrolyte into a first chamber of a test cell and introducing a second quantity of the liquid electrolyte into a second chamber of the test cell. The method further provides for measuring a voltage of the test cell, measuring an elapsed time from the test cell reaching a first voltage until the test cell reaches a second voltage; and determining a degree of imbalance of the liquid electrolyte based on the elapsed time.
대표청구항▼
1. A reduction-oxidation (redox) flow battery system, comprising: a redox flow battery;a first test cell fluidically coupled to the redox flow battery, the first test cell having a first chamber separated from a second chamber by a first separator membrane;a second test cell fluidically coupled to t
1. A reduction-oxidation (redox) flow battery system, comprising: a redox flow battery;a first test cell fluidically coupled to the redox flow battery, the first test cell having a first chamber separated from a second chamber by a first separator membrane;a second test cell fluidically coupled to the redox flow battery, the second test cell having a first chamber separated from a second chamber by a second separator membrane;an electronic module; anda processor coupled to the electronic module;wherein the processor is configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations comprising: causing the electronic module to operate a first electromechanical component to introduce a first sample of a first liquid electrolyte having a first unknown concentration of a first reactant into the first chamber of the first test cell;causing the electronic module to operate a second electromechanical component to introduce a second sample of the first liquid electrolyte haying the first unknown concentration into the second chamber of the first test cell;causing the electronic module to charge the first test cell with a first known charging current from a first charging start time to a first predetermined stop point;causing the electronic module to measure a first open circuit voltage of the first test cell while charging the first test cell;causing the electronic module to measure a first total charging time from the first charging start time until the first predetermined stop point is reached;determining a first actual concentration of the first reactant in the first liquid electrolyte based on the first total charging time measured by the electronic module;causing the electronic module to operate a third electromechanical component to introduce a first sample of a second liquid electrolyte having a second unknown concentration of a second reactant into the first chamber of the second test cell;causing the electronic module to operate a fourth electromechanical component to introduce a second sample of the second liquid electrolyte solution having the second unknown concentration into the second chamber of the second test cell;causing the electronic module to charge the second test cell with a second known charging current from a second charging start time to a second predetermined stop point;causing the electronic module to measure a second open circuit voltage of the second test cell while charging the second test cell;causing the electronic module to measure a second total charging time from the second charging start time until the second predetermined stop point is reached;determining a second actual concentration of the second reactant in the second liquid electrolyte based on the second total charging time measured by the electronic module;determining the degree of imbalance between the first reactant and the second reactant based on calculating a difference between the first actual concentration and the second actual concentration; andcommunicating the determined degree of imbalance to a main controller of the redox flow battery system to improve the operation of the redox flow battery system. 2. A method of operating a reduction-oxidation (redox) flow battery system, the method comprising: mixing, using an electrolyte mixing device, a first liquid electrolyte having a first unknown concentration of a first reactant and a second liquid electrolyte having a second unknown concentration of a second reactant to form a mixed liquid electrolyte solution;operating, using an electronic module, a first electromechanical component to introduce a first volume of the mixed liquid electrolyte solution into a first chamber of a test cell;operating, using the electronic module a second electromechanical component to introduce a second volume of the mixed liquid electrolyte solution into a second chamber of the test cell;charging, using the electronic module, the test cell to a predetermined stop point with a known charging current while measuring a voltage of the test cell;measuring, using the electronic module, a total charging time from a start time of the charging the test cell to a predetermined stop point until the stop point is reached;determining, using the electronic module, the degree of imbalance by determining an actual concentration of at least one of: the first reactant and the second reactant in the first and second liquid electrolytes based on the measured total charging time, wherein the degree of imbalance comprises a difference between the first concentration and the second concentration andcommunicating the determined degree of imbalance, from the electronic module to a main controller of the redox flow battery system, to improve the operation of the redox flow battery system. 3. A method of operating a reduction-oxidation (redox) flow battery system, the method comprising: operating, using an electronic module, a first electromechanical component to introduce a first sample of a first liquid electrolyte having a first unknown concentration of a first reactant into a first chamber of a first test cell;operating, using the electronic module, a second electromechanical component to introduce a second sample of the first liquid electrolyte having the first unknown concentration into a second chamber of the first test cell;charging, using the electronic module, the first test cell with a first known charging current from a first charging start time to a first (predetermined stop point;measuring, using the electronic module, a first open circuit voltage of the first test cell while charging the first test cell;measuring, the electronic module, a first total charging time from the first charging start time until the first predetermined stop point is reached;determining, using the electronic module, a first actual concentration of the first reactant in the first liquid electrolyte based on the first total charging time;operating, using the electronic module, a third electromechanical component to introduce a first sample of a second liquid electrolyte having a second unknown concentration of a second reactant into a first chamber of a second test cell;operating, using the electronic module, a fourth electromechanical component to introduce a second sample of the second liquid electrolyte solution having the second unknown concentration into a second chamber of the second test cell;charging, using the electronic module, the second test cell with a second known charging current from a second charging start time to a second predetermined stop point;measuring, using the electronic module, a second open circuit voltage of the second test cell while charging the second test cell;measuring, using the electronic module, a second total charging time from the second charging start time until the second predetermined stop point is reached;determining, using the electronic module, a second actual concentration of the second reactant in the second liquid electrolyte based on the second total charging time;determining using the electronic module, the degree of imbalance between the first reactant and the second reactant based on a difference between the first actual concentration and the second actual concentration; andcommunicating the determined degree of imbalance, from the electronic module to a main controller of the redox flow battery system, to improve the operation of the redox flow battery system. 4. A method of operating a reduction-oxidation (redox) flow battery system, the method comprising: operating, using an electronic module, a first electromechanical component to introduce a positive liquid electrolyte having a first unknown concentration of a positive reactant into a positive chamber of a test cell;operating, using the electronic module, a second electromechanical component to introduce a negative liquid electrolyte having a second unknown concentration of a negative reactant into a negative chamber of the test cell;discharging, using the electronic module, the test cell with a known discharging current;separately measuring, using electronic module, a first voltage in the positive chamber of the test cell using a first reference electrode;separately measuring, using the electronic module, a second voltage in the negative chamber of the test cell using a second reference electrode;measuring, using the electronic module, an elapsed time from a start of said discharging the test cell until one of the positive chamber and the negative chamber is discharged to substantially zero volts as measured by the corresponding one of the first reference electrode and the second reference electrode;determining, using the electronic module, a first actual concentration of a corresponding one of the positive reactant or the negative reactant in the discharged one of the positive chamber and the negative chamber based on the elapsed time;charging, using the electronic module, the test cell to predetermined charging stop point while measuring a voltage of the test cell;measuring, using the electronic module, a total charging time from a start of the charging the test cell to a predetermined charging stop point until the predetermined charging stop point is reached;determining, using the electronic module, the degree of imbalance between electrolyte reactant concentrations based on the total charging time;determining, using the electronic module, a second actual concentration of a corresponding other of the positive reactant and the negative reactant based on the first actual concentration and the degree of imbalance; andcommunicating, from the electronic module to a main controller of the redox flow battery system, the determined first actual concentration and the determined second actual concentration, to improve the operation of the redox flow battery system. 5. A method of operating a reduction-oxidation (redox) flow battery system, the method comprising: operating, using an electronic module, a first electromechanical component to introduce a first liquid electrolyte into a first chamber of a test cell;operating, using the electronic module, a second electromechanical component to introduce a second liquid electrolyte into a second chamber of the test cell;measuring, using the electronic module, a voltage of the test cell;measuring, using the electronic module, a total charging time from a start time at which the test cell reaches a first voltage until a stop time at which a voltage test end-point is reached at a second voltage;determining, using the electronic module, a concentration of at least one reactant in the first and second liquid electrolytes based on the total charging time;determining, using the electronic module, the degree of imbalance between reactant species in the first liquid electrolyte and the second liquid electrolyte that are generated during charging in the first and second liquid electrolytes based on the determined concentration; andcommunicating, from the electronic module to a main controller of the redox flow battery system, the determined degree of imbalance, to improve the operation of the redox flow battery system. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein measuring, using the electronic module, the voltage of the test cell while charging the test cell to a predetermined stop point comprises measuring, using the electronic module, an open-circuit voltage across both half-cells of the test cell. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising measuring, using the electronic module, the open circuit voltage during a time interval when the known charging current is not applied. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein charging using the electronic module, the test cell with a known charging current comprises charging, using the electronic module, the test cell using pulsed charging in which the known charging current is applied during a first time interval followed by a second time interval during which the known charging current is switched off, wherein the application of the known charging current during the first time interval followed by the switching off of the known charging current during the second time interval is repeated until the predetermined stop point is reached. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein measuring, using the electronic module, the voltage of the test cell while charging the test cell to a predetermined stop point comprises measuring an open circuit voltage of the test cell during the second time intervals when the known charging current is switched off. 10. The method of claim 2, wherein the first reactant and the second reactant comprise one of an oxidized ionic species and a reduced ionic species produced during a charging process in the redox flow battery. 11. The method of claim 2, further comprising discharging, using the electronic module, the test cell after operating, using the electronic module, the first electromechanical component to introduce the first volume of the mixed liquid electrolyte solution into the first chamber of the test cell and after operating, using the electronic module, the second electromechanical component to introduce the second volume of the mixed liquid electrolyte solution into the second chamber of the test cell. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising discharging, using the electronic module, the test cell by short circuiting a pair of electrodes of the test cell. 13. The method of claim 3, wherein charging, using the electronic module, at least one of: the first test cell with the first known charging current; and the second test cell with the second known charging current comprises charging, using the electronic module, the at least one using pulsed charging in which in which a corresponding at least one of the first known charging current and the second known charging current is applied during a first time interval followed by a second time interval during which the corresponding at least one of the first known charging current and the second known charging current is switched off, wherein the application of the corresponding at least one of the first known charging current and the second known charging current during the first time interval followed by the switching off of the corresponding at least one of the first known charging current and the second known charging current during the second time interval is repeated until the corresponding at least one of the first predetermined stop point and the second predetermined stop point is reached. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein measuring, using the electronic module, at least one of the first open circuit voltage of the first test cell and the second open circuit voltage of the second test cell comprises measuring, using the electronic module, the at least one of the first open circuit voltage of the first test cell and the second open circuit voltage of the second test cell during the second time intervals when the corresponding one of the first known charging current and the second known charging current is switched off. 15. The method of claim 3, wherein at least one of the first predetermined stop point and the second predetermined stop point comprises a point in time where a maximum rate of change of the corresponding at least one of the first measured open circuit voltage and the second measured open circuit voltage is reached. 16. The method of claim 3, wherein at least one of the first predetermined stop point and the second predetermined stop point comprises a predetermined open-circuit voltage for the corresponding at least one of the first open circuit voltage and the second open circuit voltage. 17. The method of claim 3, wherein at least one of the first predetermined stop point and the second predetermined stop point comprises a predetermined closed-circuit voltage. 18. The method of claim 3, wherein the first sample of the first liquid electrolyte and the second sample of the first liquid electrolyte respectively introduced into the first chamber and the second chamber of the first test cell, comprise equal volumes. 19. The method of claim 3, wherein the first reactant comprises an oxidized ionic species, and the second reactant comprises a reduced ionic species, the oxidized ionic species and the reduced ionic species produced when the first test cell and the second test cell are charged. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the first reactant comprises Fe3+ and the second reactant comprises Cr2+. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the first liquid electrolyte further comprises Cr3+ ions, and the second liquid electrolyte further comprises Fe2+ ions, and wherein charging the first test cell and charging the second test cell increases a quantity of the Cr2+ and the Fe3+. 22. The method of claim 3, further comprising measuring, using the electronic module, an electric potential of at least one of the first liquid electrolyte and the second liquid electrolyte with a reference electrode. 23. The method of claim 4, further comprising discharging, using the electronic module, the test cell by short-circuiting the positive half-cell and the negative half-cell, and measuring the discharge current. 24. The method of claim 4, further comprising discharging, using the electronic module, the test cell by applying a discharge current. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein discharging, using the electronic module, the test cell with a known discharging current comprises discharging, using the electronic module, the test cell using pulsed discharging in which the known discharging current is applied during a first time interval followed by a second time interval during which the known discharging current is switched off, wherein the application of the known discharging current during the first time interval followed by the switching off of the known discharging current during the second time interval is repeated. 26. The method of claim 4, wherein charging, using the electronic module, the test cell comprises charging, using the electronic module, the test cell using pulsed charging in which a charging current is applied during first time interval followed by a second time interval in which the charging current is switched off, wherein the application of the charging current during the first time interval followed by the switching off of the charging current during the second time interval is repeated. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein measuring, using the electronic module, the voltage of the test cell while charging the test cell comprises measuring, using the electronic module, an open circuit voltage of the test cell during the second time intervals when the charging current is switched off. 28. The method of claim 4, wherein the positive reactant and the negative reactant are ionic species generated when the test cell is charged. 29. The method of claim 4, wherein the first predetermined charging stop point comprises a point in time where a maximum rate of change of the voltage measured while charging reaches a maximum. 30. The method of claim 4, wherein the predetermined charging stop point is a predetermined open-circuit voltage measured while charging.
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