초록

Provided herein are methods and compositions for the production of cheese replicas. Generally the cheese replicas are produced by inducing the enzymatic curdling of non-dairy milks.

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1. A composition comprising a non-dairy milk having at least 85% of its insoluble solids removed and a cross-linking enzyme, wherein said non-dairy milk is selected from the group consisting of almond milk, cashew milk, brazilnut milk, chestnut milk, coconut milk, hazelnut milk, macadamia nut milk,

1. A composition comprising a non-dairy milk having at least 85% of its insoluble solids removed and a cross-linking enzyme, wherein said non-dairy milk is selected from the group consisting of almond milk, cashew milk, brazilnut milk, chestnut milk, coconut milk, hazelnut milk, macadamia nut milk, pecan milk, pistachio milk, walnut milk, and combinations thereof. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the cross-linking enzyme is a transglutaminase or a lysyl oxidase. 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the cross-linking enzyme is selected from the group consisting of a transglutaminase from Streptoverticillium mobaraense, an enzyme similar to a transglutaminase from Streptoverticillium mobaraense, Factor XIII (fibrin-stabilizing factor), Keratinocyte transglutaminase (TGM1), Tissue transglutaminase (TGM2), Epidermal transglutaminase (TGM3), Prostate transglutaminase (TGM4), TGM X (TGM5), TGM Y (TGM6), and TGM Z (TGM7). 4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is free of animal proteins. 5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises one or more of the following characteristics: a starch content less than 5% by mass, an insoluble carbohydrate content less than 5% by mass, a polysaccharide content less than 1% by mass, a polysaccharide content less than 5% by mass, a carbohydrate content less than 5% by mass, or a carbohydrate content less than 10% by mass. 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein a single monomeric or multimeric protein represents at least 80% of the protein content of the composition. 7. A composition comprising covalently crosslinked plant derived proteins, a crosslinking enzyme, and a cheese-starter culture, wherein said plant derived proteins are not soy derived, and wherein said composition is free of animal proteins. 8. The composition of claim 7, wherein the cheese-starter culture is selected from the group consisting of: a Penicillium camemberti, Penicillium candidum, Geotrichum candidum, Penicillium roqueforti, Penicillium nalgiovensis, Verticillium lecanii, Kluyveromyces lactis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida utilis, Debaryomyces hansenii, Rhodosporidum infirmominiatum, Candida jefer, Cornybacteria, Micrococcus sps., Lactobacillus sps., Lactococcus, Staphylococcus, Halomonas, Brevibacterium, Psychrobacter, Leuconostocaceae, Streptococcus thermophilus, Pediococcus sps., Propionibacteria culture, and combinations thereof. 9. The composition of claim 7, wherein the cross-linking enzyme is a transglutaminase or a lysyl oxidase. 10. The composition of claim 7, further comprising oils or fats isolated from plant sources. 11. The composition of claim 9, wherein the crosslinking enzyme is selected from the group consisting of a transglutaminase from Streptoverticillium mobaraense, an enzyme similar to a transglutaminase from Streptoverticillium mobaraense, Factor XIII (fibrin-stabilizing factor), Keratinocyte transglutaminase (TGM1), Tissue transglutaminase (TGM2), Epidermal transglutaminase (TGM3), Prostate transglutaminase (TGM4), TGM X (TGM5), TGM Y (TGM6), and TGM Z (TGM7). 12. The composition of claim 7, wherein the crosslinks are formed between glutamine and lysine side chains of respective protein constituents. 13. A cheese replica comprising a gelled emulsion of one or more cross-linked proteins derived from plants, one or more fats, a cross-linking enzyme, and a cheese-starter culture, wherein said proteins are not soy derived, and wherein said cheese replica is free of animal proteins. 14. The cheese replica of claim 13, comprising between 10% and 40% proteins from plant sources and between 0% and 65% fats from plant sources. 15. The cheese replica of claim 13, wherein the cheese replica has an insoluble carbohydrate content of less than 5% by mass. 16. The cheese replica of claim 13, wherein the cross-linking enzyme is a transglutaminase or a lysyl oxidase. 17. The cheese replica of claim 13, wherein the cheese-starter culture is selected from the group consisting of: a Penicillium camemberti, Penicillium candidum, Geotrichum candidum, Penicillium roqueforti, Penicillium nalgiovensis, Verticillium lecanii, Kluyveromyces lactis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida utilis, Debaryomyces hansensii, Rhodosporidum infirmominiatum, Candida jefer, Cornybacteria, Micrococcus sps., Lactobacillus sps., Lactococcus, Staphylococcus, Halomonas, Brevibacterium, Psychrobacter, Leuconostocaceae, Streptococcus thermophilus, Pediococcus sps., Propionibacteria culture, and combinations thereof. 18. The cheese replica of claim 13, wherein said cheese-starter culture comprises Geotrichum candidum, Penicillium candidum, Debaryomyces hansenii, or combinations thereof. 19. The cheese replica of claim 13, wherein the one or more plant-derived proteins and one or more fats are from nuts, legumes other than soybeans, or seeds. 20. The cheese replica of claim 19, wherein the nuts comprise almonds, cashews, brazilnuts, coconuts, chestnuts, hazelnuts, macadamia nuts, pecans, pistachios, walnuts, or combinations thereof. 21. The cheese replica of claim 13, further comprising a sugar or other fermentable carbon source. 22. The cheese replica of claim 13, wherein the plant-derived proteins comprise one or more proteins selected from the group consisting of a ribosomal protein, actin, hexokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, fructose bisphosphate aldolase, phosphofructokinases, a triose phosphate isomerase, a phosphoglycerate kinase, a phosphoglycerate mutase, an enolase, a pyruvate kinase, a glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, a pyruvate decarboxylase, an actin, a translation elongation factor, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (rubisco), ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, an oxygenase activase (rubisco activase), an albumin, a glycinin, a conglycinin, a globulin, a vicilin, a conalbumin, a gliadin, a glutelin, a gluten, a glutenin, a hordein, a prolamin, a phaseolin (protein), a proteinoplast, a secalin, an extensin, a zein, a seed storage protein, an oleosin, a caloleosin, a steroleosin, vegetative storage protein A, vegetative storage protein B, and moong seed storage 8S globulin. 23. A cheese replica comprising (a) almond milk,(b) macadamia nut milk,(c) lactic acid bacteria,(d) a transglutaminase, and(e) water. 24. The cheese replica of claim 23 further comprising distilled white vinegar and/or microbial coagulant. 25. The cheese replica of claim 23, further comprising salt, wherein the cheese replica is formulated as a soft fresh cheese replica or a goat cheese replica. 26. The cheese replica of claim 23, further comprising: Penicillium camemberti, Penicillium candidum, Geotrichum candidum, Penicillium roqueforti, Penicillium nalgiovensis, Verticillium lecanii, Kluyveromyces lactis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida utilis, Debaryomyces hansensii, Rhodosporidum infirmominiatum, Candida jefer, Cornybacteria, Micrococcus sps., Staphylococcus, Halomonas, Brevibacterium, Psychrobacter, Leuconostocaceae, Propionibacteria, or combinations thereof. 27. The cheese replica of claim 26, wherein the cheese replica is formulated as a soft ripened cheese replica. 28. The cheese replica of claim 23, wherein the almond milk and the macadamia nut milk are pasteurized. 29. The cheese replica of claim 23, wherein the lactic acid bacteria are selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus sps., Lactococcus, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Pediococcus sps. 30. The cheese replica of claim 13, wherein the one or more plant-derived proteins and one or more fats are from almond milk or macadamia nut milk.