Over-rating control in wind turbines and wind power plants
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
F03D-009/00
H02P-009/04
H02P-009/02
F03D-007/02
F03D-007/04
출원번호
US-0876068
(2011-09-30)
등록번호
US-9018782
(2015-04-28)
우선권정보
GB-1016493.7 (2010-09-30)
국제출원번호
PCT/DK2011/050366
(2011-09-30)
§371/§102 date
20130415
(20130415)
국제공개번호
WO2012/041326
(2012-04-05)
발명자
/ 주소
Couchman, Ian
Spruce, Christopher
Turner, Judith
Evans, Martin
Bowyer, Robert
출원인 / 주소
Vestas Wind Systems A/S
대리인 / 주소
Patterson & Sheridan LLP
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
5인용 특허 :
15
초록▼
Wind turbines of a wind power plant may be selectively over-rated by measuring the difference between the nominal and actual power plant outputs and deriving an over-rating request signal based on that difference which is sent to each turbine. The same value may be sent to each turbine. Alternativel
Wind turbines of a wind power plant may be selectively over-rated by measuring the difference between the nominal and actual power plant outputs and deriving an over-rating request signal based on that difference which is sent to each turbine. The same value may be sent to each turbine. Alternatively, each turbine may be given its own over-rating amount based on an optimization of the turbine. Over-rating may also be used when external economic factors such as energy costs are sufficiently high to out-weigh any potential harmful effect of over-rating. The fatigue lifetime of turbines and their critical components may also be taken into account when deciding whether and to what extent to implement an over-rating command.
대표청구항▼
1. A controller for a wind turbine power plant comprising a plurality of wind turbines each having a rated output, the controller comprising: an over-rating calculation unit for configured to determine and send to two or more of the plurality of wind turbines an over-rating request signal indicating
1. A controller for a wind turbine power plant comprising a plurality of wind turbines each having a rated output, the controller comprising: an over-rating calculation unit for configured to determine and send to two or more of the plurality of wind turbines an over-rating request signal indicating an amount up to which the two or more wind turbines are to over-rate their output above their rated output. 2. A controller according to claim 1, wherein the over-rating request signal is based on a difference signal formed from the rated output of the power plant less the measured output of the power plant. 3. A controller according to claim 2, further comprising an integrator for integrating the difference signal; and an amplifier for applying a gain to amplify the integrated difference signal, the amplified integrated difference signal being provided to the controller to determine the over-rating request signal. 4. A controller according to claim 3, wherein the gain applied by the amplifier is inversely proportional to a ratio of change in over-rating set point to power plant output change, the ratio being provided from the plurality of wind turbines. 5. A controller according to claim 3, wherein the gain of the amplifier is dependent on a delay in signaling between the controller and individual wind turbines. 6. A controller according to claim 1, wherein an individual over-rating request signal is calculated for one or more of the plurality of wind turbines based on an individual over-rating capability provided to the controller by the plurality of wind turbines. 7. A controller according to claim 2, wherein the over-rating request signal provided to each turbine from the controller is processed by each wind turbine to account for turbine fatigue. 8. A controller according to claim 7, wherein the turbine fatigue includes a fatigue of one or more critical turbine components with respect to rotational speed and/or torque. 9. A controller according to claim 7, wherein the processing of the over-rating request signal provides an output which over-rates the wind turbine by an amount less than the over-rating request signal. 10. A controller according to claim 7, wherein the over-rating request signal received from the controller is processed according to a response function based on slope or offset control. 11. A controller according to claim 1, comprising a turbine optimiser for calculating at least one of power, rotational speed, and torque set points for each wind turbine based on the over-rating request signal and defined maximum and minimum values of power, rotational speed, and torque, respectively. 12. A controller according to claim 11, wherein the over-rating request signal comprises a power set point, and wherein, upon determining the power set point is outside an area bounded by the maximum and minimum values of rotational speed and torque, the rotational speed and torque set points are set to the corresponding maximum or minimum values. 13. A controller according to claim 11, wherein the turbine optimiser includes soft constraint values for drive train related parameters and generator speed, and wherein, upon determining that a measured value is approaching a soft constraint value, the over-rating signal is reduced. 14. A controller according to claim 11, wherein the two or more wind turbines are constant speed turbines, and the turbine optimiser calculates a power set point. 15. A wind turbine power plant, comprising: a plurality of wind turbines each having a rated power output; anda controller communicatively coupled to the plurality of wind turbines, the controller comprising an over-rating calculation unit that is configured to calculate and send to two or more of the plurality of wind turbines an over-rating request signal indicating an amount up to which the two or more wind turbines are to over-rate their power output above their rated power output. 16. A wind turbine power plant according to claim 15, wherein at least a subset of the plurality of wind turbines are configured to exchange information via the controller regarding their ability to generate power. 17. A wind turbine power plant according to claim 16, wherein the information is exchanged in the form of a certificate sent by a wind turbine of the subset to other wind turbines of the subset. 18. A wind turbine power plant according to claim 15, further comprising a turbine optimiser for calculating at least one of power, speed, and torque set points for each wind turbine based on the over-rating request signal and defined maximum and minimum values of power, rotational speed, and torque, respectively, wherein the turbine optimiser is a central optimiser which calculates speed and torque set points for a plurality of wind turbines. 19. A wind turbine power plant according to claim 15, further comprising a turbine optimiser for calculating at least one of power, speed, and torque set points for each wind turbine based on the over-rating request signal and defined maximum and minimum values of power, rotational speed, and torque, respectively, wherein the turbine optimiser is an individual turbine optimiser which calculates speed and torque set points for an individual wind turbine. 20. A method of controlling a wind turbine power plant, comprising a plurality of wind turbines each having a rated output, the method comprising: determining an over-rating request signal indicating an amount up to which two or more of the plurality of wind turbines are to over-rate their output above rated output; andsending the over-rating request signal to each of the two or more wind turbines. 21. A method according to claim 20, wherein determining the over-rating request signal is based on a difference between the rated output of the power plant and the measured output of the power plant. 22. A method according to claim 21, wherein determining the over-rating request signal comprises integrating the difference signal, amplifying the integrated signal by applying a gain, and determining the over-rating request signal from the amplified integrated difference signal. 23. A method according to claim 22, further comprising: receiving from the wind turbines a signal indicative of a ratio of change in over-rating set point to power plant output change; andsetting the gain in inverse proportion to the received ratio. 24. A method according to claim 22, wherein the gain is dependent on a delay in signaling between the controller and individual wind turbines. 25. A method according to claim 20, wherein determining the over-rating request signal comprises determining an individual over-rating request signal for each of the two or more wind turbines based on an individual over-rating capability signal provided by each of the two or more wind turbines. 26. A method according to claim 20, further comprising processing the sent over-rating request signal to account for turbine fatigue. 27. A method according to claim 26, wherein the turbine fatigue includes a fatigue of one or more critical turbine components with respect to rotational speed and/or torque. 28. A method according to claim 26, wherein the processing of the sent over-rating request signal provides an output which over-rates the wind turbine by an amount less than the over-rating request signal. 29. A method according to claim 26, wherein the sent over-rating request signal is processed according to a response function based on slope or offset control. 30. A method according to claim 20; further comprising calculating at least one of power, rotational speed, and torque set points for each wind turbine based on the over-rating request signal and defined maximum and minimum values of power, rotational speed, and torque, respectively. 31. A method according to claim 30, wherein the over-rating request signal comprises a power set point, and wherein, upon determining the power set point is outside an area bounded by the maximum and minimum values of rotational speed and torque, the rotational speed and torque set points are set to the corresponding maximum or minimum values. 32. A method according to claim 30, wherein the turbines to be controlled are constant speed turbines, and further comprising calculating a power set point.
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