An impact drive type actuator (10) is comprised of a wire-shaped shape memory alloy (11) which contracts upon being electrified and heated, a disk-shaped insulating heat conductor (12) which contacts this wire-shaped shape memory alloy (11) and releases the heat which is generated at the wire-shaped
An impact drive type actuator (10) is comprised of a wire-shaped shape memory alloy (11) which contracts upon being electrified and heated, a disk-shaped insulating heat conductor (12) which contacts this wire-shaped shape memory alloy (11) and releases the heat which is generated at the wire-shaped shape memory alloy, and a drive circuit (16, 17) which instantaneously electrifies the wire-shaped shape memory alloy and instantaneously makes the wire-shaped shape memory alloy contract. According to this impact drive type actuator, it realizes a heat conduction structure which gives rise to a high heat dispersion action by the heat characteristics of the shape memory alloy, so it becomes possible to utilize the deformation by extension and contraction of a shape memory alloy which has a wire-shaped form, improve the speed and response of the deformation operation characteristics, and improve practicality.
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1. An impact drive type actuator comprising: a wire-shaped shape memory alloy (11, 21, 31) which contracts upon being electrified and heated,an insulating heat conductor (12, 22, 22A, 32A, 32B) which contacts said wire-shaped shape memory alloy, is pushed in one direction by said contracted wire-sha
1. An impact drive type actuator comprising: a wire-shaped shape memory alloy (11, 21, 31) which contracts upon being electrified and heated,an insulating heat conductor (12, 22, 22A, 32A, 32B) which contacts said wire-shaped shape memory alloy, is pushed in one direction by said contracted wire-shaped shape memory alloy and releases the heat which is generated at said wire-shaped shape memory alloy,a drive circuit (16, 17, 41, 66) which instantaneously electrifies said wire-shaped shape memory alloy (71, 81) to make said wire-shaped shape memory alloy contract, andwherein said wire-shaped shape memory alloy makes said insulating heat conductor displace translationally by a predetermined distance from a first position when said wire-shaped shape memory alloy is electrified and contracts, and a pushing operation between said wire-shaped shape memory alloy and said insulating heat conductor makes said wire-shaped shape memory alloy extend by instantaneous dispersion (18) of heat which is stored by being electrified and thereby said insulating heat conductor is made to displace translationally to said first position. 2. The impact drive type actuator as set forth in claim 1, wherein: said insulating heat conductor at least partially has a substantially circumferential shape,said wire-shaped shape memory alloy is arranged so as to contact the circumferential surface of said insulating heat conductor, andsaid wire-shaped shape memory alloy makes said insulating heat conductor displace translationally in position when it is electrified and contracts. 3. The impact drive type actuator as set forth in claim 2, wherein said circumferential surface of said insulating heat conductor is formed with a groove (12a), and said wire-shaped shape memory alloy is arranged in said groove. 4. The impact drive type actuator as set forth in claim 1, wherein said insulating heat conductor is comprised of two component members (101, 102) which face each other substantially in parallel and have pluralities of mating projecting parts (22A, 22B), said wire-shaped shape memory alloy is arranged between said two component members so as to contact said mating projecting parts, and said wire-shaped shape memory alloy makes displacement so as to cause an interval between said two component members to enlarge when it is electrified and contracts. 5. The impact drive type actuator as set forth in claim 1, wherein said insulating heat conductor is comprised of two component members (32A, 32B) which face each other substantially in parallel and have substantially rod shapes or pipe shapes, said wire-shaped shape memory alloy is spirally wound around said two component members so as to contact their circumferences, and said wire-shaped shape memory alloy makes said two component members displace so as to reduce the interval between them when it is electrified and contracts. 6. The impact drive type actuator as set forth in claim 5, wherein said wire-shaped shape memory alloy is wound in a ring shape or a figure eight shape. 7. The impact drive type actuator as set forth in claim 5, wherein said two component members of said insulating heat conductor are respectively comprised so that at least the outer surfaces which contact said wire-shaped shape memory alloy are curved so that their cross-sections include substantially half circles. 8. The impact drive type actuator as set forth in claim 1, wherein said drive circuit is comprised of a booster circuit (42) which converts input voltage to a high voltage, a capacitor (45) which is charged by that output voltage, and a switching device (47) which is connected in series with said wire-shaped shape memory alloy from said capacitor and instantaneously runs current to said wire-shaped shape memory alloy. 9. The impact drive type actuator as set forth in claim 1, wherein said insulating heat conductor at least at a surface part which contacts the wire-shaped shape memory alloy is constituted by a material selected from the group consisting of alumina and aluminum nitride. 10. The impact drive type actuator as set forth in claim 1 wherein said insulating heat conductor is comprised of two component members which face each other substantially in parallel and which are provided with pluralities of projecting members,at each of said two component members, said plurality of projecting members are separated, said pluralities of projecting members are comprised of conductive members, andbetween said two component members, said wire-shaped shape memory alloy is arranged so as to contact parts comprised of said conductive members of said projecting members, and said wire-shaped shape memory alloy changes the interval of said two component members when it is electrified and contracts.
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