An electrical heater has first and second heater elements, each having a hairpin-shaped metal tube with an upstream and a downstream leg and tube ends adjacent each other. An electrical resistance wire surrounded by insulation powder extends through the tube. Electrical terminals join to the wire an
An electrical heater has first and second heater elements, each having a hairpin-shaped metal tube with an upstream and a downstream leg and tube ends adjacent each other. An electrical resistance wire surrounded by insulation powder extends through the tube. Electrical terminals join to the wire and protrude from each of the tube ends. Conduits enclose the upstream and the downstream legs of the heater elements, providing a continuous annular flow path. A manifold has heater element passages for end portion of the legs. An inlet passage in the manifold leads from an exterior portion of the manifold to the annular flow path surrounding the upstream leg of the first heater element. A transfer passage within the manifold leads from the annular flow path surrounding the downstream leg of the first heater element to the annular flow path surrounding the upstream leg of the second heater element.
대표청구항▼
1. An electrical heater, comprising: first and second heater elements, each having a U-shape metal tube to define an upstream and a downstream leg and tube ends of the tube adjacent each other, an electrical resistance wire extending through the tube, an insulation powder surrounding the wire within
1. An electrical heater, comprising: first and second heater elements, each having a U-shape metal tube to define an upstream and a downstream leg and tube ends of the tube adjacent each other, an electrical resistance wire extending through the tube, an insulation powder surrounding the wire within the tube, and an electrical terminal joined to the wire and protruding from each of the tube ends;a first conduit enclosing the upstream and the downstream legs of the first heater element and having a larger inner diameter than an outer diameter of the first heater element to provide a continuous annular flow path;a second conduct enclosing the upstream and downstream legs of the second heater element and having a larger inner diameter than an outer diameter of the second heater element to provide a continuous annular flow path;a manifold having a front, a back, and a plurality of heater element passages extending from the front to the back;an end portion of each of the legs of the first and second heater elements being inserted from the back into one of the plurality of heater element passages such that each of the terminals protrudes out from the front for connection to electrical power;an inlet passage in the manifold leading from an exterior portion of the manifold to the annular flow path surrounding the upstream leg of the first heater element; anda transfer passage within the manifold leading from the annular flow path surrounding the downstream leg of the first heater element to the annular flow path surrounding the upstream leg of the second heater element, so that fluid is first heated in the annular flow path surrounding the first heater element, then in the annular flow path surrounding the second heater element. 2. The heater according to claim 1, further comprising: an outlet passage in the manifold in fluid communication with the annular flow path surrounding the second heater element for discharging fluid from the manifold. 3. The heater according to claim 1, wherein the first and second conduits are parallel with each other. 4. The heater according to claim 1, wherein: the manifold has a side wall joining the front and the back; andthe inlet passage leads from the side wall to the annular flow path surrounding the upstream leg of the first heater element. 5. The heater according to claim 4, wherein the inlet passage is in the configuration of an elbow. 6. The heater according to claim 4, wherein: the manifold has another side wall joining the front and the back; andthe outlet passage extends out said another side wall. 7. The heater according to claim 1, wherein: The downstream leg of the first heater element is closer to the upstream leg of the second heater element than to the downstream leg of the second heater element. 8. The heater according to claim 1, wherein: a plane passing through the terminals of the first heater element is parallel with a plane passing through the terminals of the second heater element. 9. The heater according to claim 1, wherein: the first conduit comprises an upstream pipe portion spaced apart and parallel with a downstream pipe portion, the upstream and downstream pipe portions being joined by a base portion; andthe second conduit comprises an upstream pipe portion spaced apart and parallel with a downstream pipe portion, the upstream and downstream pipe portions being joined by a base portion. 10. An electrical heater, comprising: a plurality of heater elements, each having a U-shape metal tube with parallel upstream and downstream legs joined by a base and with tube ends opposite the base, an electrical resistance wire extending through the tube, an insulation powder surrounding the wire within the tube, and an electrical terminal joined to the wire and protruding from each of the tube ends;a plurality of conduits, each having parallel upstream and downstream leg portions joined by a base portion, each of the upstream leg portions having an outlet and each of the downstream leg portions having an inlet, the inlet and the outlet being opposite the base portion;each of the heater elements being located within one of the conduits with end portions of each of the heater elements protruding from the inlet and the outlet of each of the conduits, each of the heater elements having an outer diameter smaller than an inner diameter of each of the conduits, defining an annulus flow path;a manifold having a front, a back, and a plurality of heater element passages extending from the front to the back;the end portions of each of the heater elements being located within the heater element passages with each of the terminals protruding out from the front for connection to electrical power;an inlet passage leading into the manifold to the annular flow path surrounding the upstream leg of a first one of the heater elements;at least one transfer passage within the manifold leading from the annular flow path surrounding the downstream leg of the first one of the heater elements to the annular flow path surrounding the upstream leg of a second one of the heater elements; andan outlet passage leading out of the manifold from the annular flow path surrounding the downstream leg of a last one of the heater elements. 11. The heater according to claim 10, wherein said at least one transfer passages comprises first and second transfer passages, with the second transfer passage leading from the annular flow path surrounding the downstream leg of the second one of the heater elements to the upstream leg of the last one of the heater elements. 12. The heater according to claim 10, wherein: the manifold has two side walls joining the front and the back; andthe inlet passage leads from one of the side walls to the annular flow path surrounding the upstream leg of the first one of the heater elements; andthe outlet passage extends out from the other of the side walls. 13. The heater according to claim 12, wherein the side walls face in opposite directions. 14. The heater according to claim 10, wherein: a plane passing through the terminals of the first one of the heater elements is parallel with a plane passing through the terminals of the second one of the heater elements and with a plane passing through the terminals of the last one of the heater elements. 15. The heater according to claim 1, wherein: the downstream leg of the first one of the heater elements is closer to the upstream leg of the second one of the heater elements than to the upstream leg of the second one of the heater elements; andthe downstream leg of the second one of the heater elements is closer to the upstream leg of the last one of the heater elements than to the upstream leg of the last one of the heater elements. 16. The heater according to claim 10, further comprising: a plurality of conduit inlet ports extending into the back of the manifold;a plurality conduit outlet ports extending into the back of the manifold;the inlet of each of the conduits is sealed to one of the inlet ports; andwherein the outlet of each of the conduits is sealed to one of the outlet ports. 17. The heater according to claim 16, wherein the first transfer passage extends within the manifold from one of the outlet ports to one of the inlet ports.
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