Disclosed and claimed herein are hybrid aerogels which are compositions of tetraalkoxysilanes and bis-(trialkoxysilyl)imides that exhibit low thermal conductivities and high compressive strengths. Methods for their preparation are also provided.
대표청구항▼
1. Hybrid aerogels comprising the reaction product of: a. at least one tetraalkoxysilane which may optionally be partially hydrolyzed,b. at least one bis-trialkoxysilane diimide, andc. a selected amount of water;wherein a gelation catalyst is admixed to gel the reaction product;wherein the gel is dr
1. Hybrid aerogels comprising the reaction product of: a. at least one tetraalkoxysilane which may optionally be partially hydrolyzed,b. at least one bis-trialkoxysilane diimide, andc. a selected amount of water;wherein a gelation catalyst is admixed to gel the reaction product;wherein the gel is dried to obtain an aerogel; andwherein the at least one bis-trialkoxysilane diimide is a reaction product of: i) a primary amine terminated trialkoxysilane according to the following formula: H2N—R—Si—(OR′)3, wherein R comprises alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, or cycloalkenyl moities, or variations thereof which contain at least one heteroatom comprising O, S, N, P, or Se, and R′ is a C1-C21 branched or unbranched alkyl group; and ii) a dicarboxylic anhydride. 2. The hybrid aerogels of claim 1, wherein the selected amount of water is calculated from a water to silicon ratio. 3. The hybrid aerogels of claim 2, wherein the water to silicon ratios are between about 8 and about 20. 4. The hybrid aerogels of claim 1, wherein the final density of the aerogel is about 0.7 grams/cubic centimeter or less. 5. The hybrid aerogels of claim 1, wherein the final density of the aerogel is about 0.43 grams/cubic centimeter or less. 6. The hybrid aerogels of claim 1, wherein the thermal conductivity of the aerogel is about 30 milliwatts/meter-degree Kelvin or less. 7. The hybrid aerogels of claim 1, wherein the thermal conductivity of the aerogel is about 25 milliwatts/meter-degree Kelvin or less. 8. The hybrid aerogels of claim 1, wherein the compressive modulus of the aerogel is greater than about 175 pounds/square inch. 9. The hybrid aerogels of claim 1, wherein the diimide content of the aerogel is 25 wt % or less. 10. The hybrid aerogels of claim 1, wherein the diimide content of the aerogel is 10 wt % or less. 11. The hybrid aerogels of claim 1, wherein the diimide content of the aerogel is 25 wt % or less, and the compressive modulus of the aerogel is greater than about 175 pounds/square inch. 12. The hybrid aerogels of claim 1, wherein the diimide content of the aerogel is 10 wt % or less, and the compressive modulus of the aerogel is greater than about 175 pounds/square inch. 13. The hybrid aerogels of claim 1, wherein the at least one tetraalkoxysilane is partially hydrolyzed tetraalkoxysilane. 14. The hybrid aerogels of claim 1, further comprising a fibrous material, comprising microfibers, mats, felts, woven fabrics, non-woven fabrics, fibrous battings, lofty battings or a combination thereof. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising an aging step after the gelation step, comprising contacting the siloxanes with an amine containing material. 16. A method of producing hybrid aerogels comprising: a. combining at least one tetraalkoxysilane or optionally at least one partially hydrolyzed tetraalkoxysilane, at least one bis-trialkoxysilane diimide, and a selected amount of water, to form a reaction product;b. admixing a gelation catalyst to gel the reaction product; andc. drying the gel to obtain an aerogel; wherein the at least one bis-trialkoxysilane diimide is a reaction product of: i) a primary amine terminated trialkoxysilane according to the following formula: H2N—R—Si—(OR′)3, wherein R comprises alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, or cycloalkenyl moities, or variations thereof which contain at least one heteroatom comprising O, S, N, P, or Se, and R′ is a C1-C21 branched or unbranched alkyl group; and ii) a dicarboxylic anhydride. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the selected amount of water is calculated from a water to silicon ratio. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the water to silicon ratios are between about 8 and about 20. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the final density of the aerogel is less than about 0.43 grams/cubic centimeter. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the thermal conductivity of the aerogel is less than about 30 milliwatts/meter-degree Kelvin or below. 21. The method of claim 18, wherein the compressive modulus of the aerogel is greater than about 175 pounds/square inch. 22. The method of claim 18, wherein the diimide content of the aerogel is 25 wt % or less. 23. The method of claim 18, wherein the diimide content of the aerogel is 10 wt % or less. 24. The method of claim 18, wherein the diimide content of the aerogel is 25 wt % or less, and the compressive modulus of the aerogel is greater than about 175 pounds/square inch. 25. The method of claim 18, wherein the diimide content of the aerogel is 10 wt % or less, and the compressive modulus of the aerogel is greater than about 175 pounds/square inch.
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