[특허]Nanostructured platinum alloys for use as catalyst materials

Nanostructured platinum alloys for use as catalyst materials 원문보기

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국가/구분	United States(US) Patent 등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)	B01J-023/00 B01J-023/40 B01J-023/42 B01J-023/44 B01J-023/70 B01J-023/74 C01B-017/84 C01B-017/74 H01M-004/92 B01J-023/89 B01J-035/00 B01J-037/34 H01M-008/10
출원번호	US-0081989 (2013-11-15)
등록번호	US-9099751 (2015-08-04)
발명자 / 주소	Hays, Charles C. Narayan, Sri R.
출원인 / 주소	California Institute of Technology
대리인 / 주소	Gates & Cooper LLP
인용정보	피인용 횟수 : 0 인용 특허 : 26

초록

A series of binary and ternary Pt-alloys, that promote the important reactions for catalysis at an alloy surface; oxygen reduction, hydrogen oxidation, and hydrogen and oxygen evolution. The first two of these reactions are essential when applying the alloy for use in a PEMFC.

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1. A platinum (Pt) metal containing alloy composition useful as a catalyst, comprising: a film including a compound of Pt and at least one transition metal element A from group IVB or VB of the Periodic table, wherein:a structure of the compound is single phase,the compound comprises a Pt content of less than 50 Atomic percent (At. %),the compound exhibits a reversible electrochemical activity having a durability, andthe reversible electrochemical activity and the durability are at least as high as the reversible electrochemical activity and durability, respectively, of a compound consisting essentially of Pt. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the Pt-containing compound further comprises at least one transition metal B, thereby forming a Pt-B-A alloy. 3. The composition of claim 2, wherein B comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of Nickel, Cobalt, and Iron. 4. The composition of claim 3, wherein A comprises Vanadium. 5. The composition of claim 3, wherein A comprises Titanium. 6. The composition of claim 2, wherein the compound comprises the Pt content of 33 At. %. 7. The composition of claim 6, wherein B comprises Nickel and A comprises Vanadium. 8. The composition of claim 6, wherein A comprises Titanium and B comprises Nickel. 9. The composition of claim 2, wherein the Pt content is between 15 At. % and 40 At. %. 10. An electrochemical device comprising the composition of claim 9 as an anode, wherein: the Pt content is 37 At. %,the transition metal B is Nickel having a content of 43 At. %,the transition metal element A is Vanadium having a content of 20 At. %, andthe compound has the formula Pt37Ni43V20. 11. An electrochemical device comprising the composition of claim 9 as a cathode, wherein: the Pt content is 33 At. %,the transition metal B is Nickel having a content of 44 At. %,the transition metal A is Vanadium having a content of 23% At. %, andthe compound has the formula Pt33Ni44V23. 12. The composition of claim 2, wherein the compound has the formula (Pt100-xBx)100-yAy with 0≦x≦80 and 0.5≦y≦60. 13. The composition of claim 1, wherein the compound comprises the Pt content of 37.5 or less At. %. 14. The composition of claim 1, wherein the Pt-containing compound further comprises: at least one transition metal B; andat least one platinum group metal (PGM), thereby forming a Pt-PGM-B-A alloy, wherein the PGM element includes at least one of Palladium (Pd), Ruthenium (Ru), Rhodium (Rh), Rhenium (Re), Osmium (Os), and Iridium (Ir). 15. The composition of claim 1, wherein the compound comprises the Pt content of at least 19.9 At. %. 16. The composition of claim 15, wherein the Pt-containing compound further comprises at least one transition metal B. 17. The composition of claim 16, wherein A comprises Vanadium and B comprises Nickel. 18. The composition of claim 16, wherein A comprises Titanium and B comprises Nickel. 19. The composition of claim 1, wherein the transition metal A has a content between 0.5 At. % and 60% At. %. 20. The composition of claim 19, wherein A is Vanadium and B is Nickel. 21. The composition of claim 19, wherein A is Titanium and B is Nickel. 22. The composition of claim 1, wherein the film is on a carbon support. 23. An electrochemical cell comprising the compound of claim 1 as an anode, wherein the compound further comprises at least one transition metal B selected from the group consisting of Nickel, Cobalt, and Iron, thus forming a Pt-B-A alloy exhibiting a reversible hydrogen oxidation reaction with an activity at least as high as an anode consisting essentially of Pt. 24. The electrochemical cell of claim 23, wherein the transition metal element A is Vanadium or Titanium and the transition metal B is Nickel. 25. An electrochemical cell comprising the compound of claim 1 as an anode, wherein the compound further comprises at least one transition metal B selected from the group consisting of Nickel, Cobalt, and Iron, thus forming a Pt-B-A alloy exhibiting a reversible methanol oxidation reaction with an activity at least as high as an anode consisting essentially of Pt or Pt-Ruthenium.

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