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A method and an apparatus are provided for the combustion of gaseous fuel containing hydrogen or consisting of hydrogen, with a burner which provides a swirl generator, into which liquid fuel is fed centrally along a burner axis, at the same time forming a conically shaped liquid fuel column which i

A method and an apparatus are provided for the combustion of gaseous fuel containing hydrogen or consisting of hydrogen, with a burner which provides a swirl generator, into which liquid fuel is fed centrally along a burner axis, at the same time forming a conically shaped liquid fuel column which is surrounded by a rotating combustion air stream which flows tangentially into the swirl generator and into which, additionally, a gaseous and/or liquid fuel is injected so as to form a fuel/air swirl flow which is transferred downstream of the swirl generator, along a transitional portion, into a mixing zone following the transitional portion downstream and which is ignited and burnt in a combustion chamber following downstream, at the same time forming a backflow zone.

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1. A method for operating a burner, comprising: providing a burner comprising a swirl generator which forms a swirl flow of a combustion air stream, the swirl generator being upstream of a mixing zone in which, within a first transitional portion, a flow guide is arranged and extends in a flow direc

1. A method for operating a burner, comprising: providing a burner comprising a swirl generator which forms a swirl flow of a combustion air stream, the swirl generator being upstream of a mixing zone in which, within a first transitional portion, a flow guide is arranged and extends in a flow direction and transfers the swirl flow formed in the swirl generator into a mixing pipe downstream of the flow guide, a device for injecting a liquid and/or gaseous fuel into the combustion air stream being present in the swirl generator, and a fuel/air mixture thus obtained being ignited and burnt in a combustion chamber downstream of the mixing zone, at the same time forming a recirculation flow in the form of a backflow bubble in the combustion chamber; andintroducing a gaseous fuel containing hydrogen or consisting of hydrogen within the flow guide and/or downstream of the flow guide into a flow of the fuel/air mixture, with a tangential component oriented in a swirl direction of fuel/air swirl flow and with a radial component oriented longitudinally with respect to an axis of the burner, in such a way that a flow irritation disturbance of the fuel/air swirl flow is minimized,wherein the fuel containing hydrogen or consisting of hydrogen is fed into the first transitional portion with a flow impulse which corresponds to the flow impulse of the fuel/air swirl flow propagating along the first transitional portion, andwherein the fuel is injected corresponding to local flow angles within the flow guide. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gaseous fuel containing hydrogen or consisting of hydrogen is fed in the form of a multiplicity of individual fuel flows in a circular distribution around the rotating fuel/air swirl flow. 3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein directly upstream of the infeed of the gaseous fuel containing hydrogen or consisting of hydrogen, cleaning air is discharged at least intermittently via fuel outlet orifices. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said gas flow has a circular, elliptic, annular, virtually rectangular or virtually triangular flow cross section. 5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gaseous fuel containing hydrogen or consisting of hydrogen is partially oxidized catalytically before entering into the swirl generator. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising: utilizing centrifugal forces within the swirl flow in order to allow a radial intermixing of the synthesis gas with the combustion air. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fuel is injected corresponding to the local flow angles within the flow guide while being injected into the flow of the fuel/air mixture along the first transitional portion with the radial component transverse to the flow direction of the swirl flow to intermix the gaseous fuel with the fuel/air swirl flow. 8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fuel is injected via a supply line through a wall section which extends in a radial direction towards a central area of the first transitional portion. 9. A burner for the combustion of an admixture of gaseous and/or liquid fuel, the burner comprising a swirl generator for forming a combustion air stream, the swirl generator arranged upstream from a mixing zone in which, within a first transitional portion, a flow guide is present which runs in the flow direction and which serves for transferring the swirl flow formed in the swirl generator into a mixing pipe acting downstream of the flow guide;a device for injecting a liquid and/or gaseous fuel into the combustion air stream is provided in the swirl generator, and the fuel/air mixture thus obtained being ignited and burnt in a combustion chamber located of the mixing zone, at the same time forming a recirculation flow in the form of a backflow bubble in the combustion chamber; andan infeed for the infeed of a gaseous fuel containing hydrogen or consisting of hydrogen is provided within the flow guide and/or downstream of the flow guide, the infeed comprising a plurality of individual outlet orifices, configured and arranged in such a way that the fuel can be discharged with a tangential and a radial component in relation to an axis of the burner,wherein the fuel containing hydrogen or consisting of hydrogen is fed into the first transitional portion with a flow impulse which corresponds to the flow impulse of the fuel/air swirl flow propagating along the first transitional portion, andwherein the device is configured to inject the fuel corresponding to local flow angles within the flow guide. 10. The burner as claimed in claim 9, wherein the individual outlet orifices which are circularly formed, equally distributed, in the first transitional portion and out of which the gaseous fuel containing hydrogen or consisting of hydrogen can be discharged. 11. The burner as claimed in claim 9, wherein the swirl generator comprises at least two hollow part conical shells nested one in the other in the flow direction and completing one another to form a body, in that the cross section of the inner space formed by the hollow part conical shells increases in the flow direction, and the respective longitudinal axes of symmetry of these part conical shells run, offset to one another, in such a way that the adjacent walls of the part conical shells form in their longitudinal extent tangential slots or ducts for the flow of a combustion air into the inner space formed by the part conical shells. 12. The burner as claimed in claim 9, wherein the swirl generator comprises at least two hollow part shells nested one in the other in the flow direction and completing one another to form a body, in that the cross section of the inner space formed by the hollow part shells runs cylindrically or quasi-cylindrically in the flow direction, the respective longitudinal axes of symmetry of these part shells run, offset to one another, in such a way that the adjacent walls of the part shells form in their longitudinal extent tangential slots or ducts for the flow of a combustion air into the inner space formed by the part shells, and in that the inner space has an inner body, the cross section of which decreases in the flow direction. 13. The burner as claimed in claim 12, wherein the inner body runs conically or quasi-conically in the flow direction. 14. The burner as claimed in claim 9, wherein the device for injecting a liquid and/or gaseous fuel into the combustion air stream is configured to utilize centrifugal forces within the swirl flow in order to allow a radial intermixing of the synthesis gas with the combustion air. 15. The burner as claimed in claim 9, wherein the device is configured to inject the fuel corresponding to the local flow angles within the flow guide while being injected into the flow of the fuel/air mixture along the first transitional portion with the radial component transverse to the flow direction of the swirl flow to intermix the gaseous fuel with the fuel/air swirl flow. 16. The burner as claimed in claim 9, wherein the device is configured to inject the fuel via a supply line through a wall section which extends in a radial direction towards a central area of the first transitional portion.