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A thermoelectric system includes a pair of substrates, a plurality of semiconductor elements, and first, second, and third terminals. The semiconductor elements are positioned between the opposing faces of the substrates, and the semiconductor elements include at least two groups of dissimilar semic

A thermoelectric system includes a pair of substrates, a plurality of semiconductor elements, and first, second, and third terminals. The semiconductor elements are positioned between the opposing faces of the substrates, and the semiconductor elements include at least two groups of dissimilar semiconductor elements. The semiconductor elements are electrically coupled in series by conductor elements arranged so the two groups of dissimilar semiconductor elements are connected in an alternating pattern. The first, second and third terminals are connected to the conductor elements with the third terminal positioned between the first and second terminals. The electrically coupled semiconductor elements include first nodes and second nodes. The first and second nodes emit or absorb heat according to electric current flowing through the semiconductor elements, and impedance of the thermoelectric system is controlled by switching the switch.

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1. A thermoelectric system comprising: a pair of opposing substrates, each substrate having a peripheral edge and a face that generally opposes a face of the other opposing substrate;a plurality semiconductor elements positioned between the opposing faces of the opposing substrates, the plurality of

1. A thermoelectric system comprising: a pair of opposing substrates, each substrate having a peripheral edge and a face that generally opposes a face of the other opposing substrate;a plurality semiconductor elements positioned between the opposing faces of the opposing substrates, the plurality of semiconductor elements comprises at least two groups of dissimilar semiconductor elements, wherein the plurality of semiconductor elements are electrically coupled in series by conductor elements arranged so the two groups of dissimilar semiconductor elements are connected in an alternating pattern;a first terminal, a second terminal and a third terminal electrically connected to the conductor elements with the third terminal being positioned electrically between the first and second terminals along a circuit created by the plurality of semiconductor elements electrically coupled in series by the conductor elements, anda switch electrically connected to at least one of the first, second and third terminals, so as to permit electric current to selectively flow between the first and second terminals and between the first and third terminals, wherein the switch permits a total number of semiconductor elements through which electric current passes to be adjusted;wherein the electrically coupled semiconductor elements comprise a plurality of first nodes and a plurality of second nodes, wherein the first and second nodes emit or absorb heat according to electric current flowing through the semiconductor elements, and wherein an impedance of the thermoelectric system is controlled by activating the switch. 2. The thermoelectric system of claim 1, wherein the switch is electrically connected to the third terminal. 3. A thermoelectric system comprising: a first couple of first and second dissimilar conductive elements, connected to each other at a first common node, the first couple comprising a first end and a second end;a second couple of first and second dissimilar conductive elements, connected to each other at a second node, the second couple comprising a first end and a second end, the first end of the second couple being connected to the second end of the first couple at the second node;a first terminal connected to the first end of the first couple;a second terminal connected to the second end of the second couple; anda third terminal electrically connected to the second node through an electrical switch, wherein the electrical switch permits a total number of conductive elements through which electric current passes to be varied during operation of the system, wherein the first, second and third terminals are electrically coupled to a power source;wherein the switch controls an electrical impedance of the thermoelectric system by switching electric current through the third terminal, wherein the switch permits electric current to be delivered through only some of the conductive elements. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein switching of the switch is associated with a flowing direction of the electric current through the thermoelectric system. 5. The system of claim 3, wherein the first terminal is connected to a first voltage, wherein the second terminal is connected to a second voltage, and wherein the switch is open such that electric current flows through the first and second couples of first and second dissimilar conductive elements. 6. The system of claim 3, wherein the first terminal is connected to a first voltage, wherein the second terminal is connected to a second voltage, wherein the third terminal is connected to the second voltage, and wherein the switch is closed such that electric current flows only through the first couple of first and second dissimilar conductive elements. 7. A thermoelectric system comprising: a first dissimilar conductive element having a first end and a second end;a second dissimilar conductive element having a first end and a second end, the first end of the second dissimilar conductive element being connected to the second end of the first dissimilar conductive element;a first terminal connected to the first end of the first dissimilar conductive element;a second terminal connected to the second end of the second dissimilar conductive element at a first node; anda third terminal electrically coupled to a contact point located between the first end of the first dissimilar conductive element and the first node through an electrical switch, wherein the first, second and third terminals are configured to electrically couple to a power source,wherein the electrical switch permits an electrical impedance of the thermoelectric system to be controlled during operation of the system by selectively switching electric current through the third terminal, wherein the electrical switch permits electric current to be delivered through only some of the conductive elements. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the electrical switch comprises a slidable leg connected to the contact point between the first end of the first dissimilar conductive element and the first node. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein the electrical switch comprises multiple taps connected to a plurality of contact points between the first end of the first dissimilar conductive element and the first node, and wherein the electrical switch closes one of the multiple taps when activated. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the electrical switch is configured to select one of the multiple taps, and wherein a flow of electric current through the first dissimilar conductive element is controlled by selecting of one of the multiple taps. 11. The system of claim 7, wherein the dissimilar conductive element comprises a P-type semiconductor and a N-type semiconductor. 12. The system of claim 7, wherein the switching electric current through the third terminal limits the amount of heating or cooling produced by the thermoelectric system.