A sample cell can be designed to minimize excess gas volume. Described features can be advantageous in reducing an amount of gas required to flow through the sample cell during spectroscopic measurements, and in reducing a time (e.g. a total volume of gas) required to flush the cell between sampling
A sample cell can be designed to minimize excess gas volume. Described features can be advantageous in reducing an amount of gas required to flow through the sample cell during spectroscopic measurements, and in reducing a time (e.g. a total volume of gas) required to flush the cell between sampling events. In some examples, contours of the inners surfaces of the sample cell that contact the contained gas can be shaped, dimensioned, etc. such that a maximum clearance distance is provided between the inner surfaces at one or more locations. Systems, methods, and articles, etc. are described.
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1. A sample cell for laser absorption spectroscopy, the sample cell comprising: an elongate outer insert having an outer surface with an outer radius and a shaped inner surface having a varying inner radius, the elongate outer insert mounted inside the sample cell;at least one opening for receiving
1. A sample cell for laser absorption spectroscopy, the sample cell comprising: an elongate outer insert having an outer surface with an outer radius and a shaped inner surface having a varying inner radius, the elongate outer insert mounted inside the sample cell;at least one opening for receiving a beam from a radiation source into an inner volume of the sample cell and for allowing the beam to exit the sample cell to contact a detector;the shaped inner surface defining a boundary of the inner volume, the shaped inner surface comprising a location at which a maximum clearance distance for gas flow through the inner volume is less than approximately 75 times a characteristic dimension of a cross section of the beam. 2. A sample cell as in claim 1, wherein the sample cell comprises an elongate inner insert having a shaped outer surface with a shaped outer radius less than the shaped inner radius, the elongate inner insert coaxially aligned with, and substantially inside of, the elongate outer insert, the elongate inner insert occupying an excess gas volume within the inner volume through which the beam does not pass, and wherein the shaped outer surface comprises at least part of the location. 3. A sample cell as in claim 2, wherein the elongate inner insert comprises one or more of a flat insert, a conical insert, a hyperbolic insert, a trapezoidal insert, a cylindrical insert, and a hollow rod insert. 4. A sample cell as in claim 2, wherein at least one of the elongate inner insert and the elongate outer insert comprises a component volume, the component volume being isolated from the gas volume and configured to house one or more of an electronics component, a wiring component, and a scrubber component of a spectroscopy system. 5. A sample cell as in claim 2, wherein at least one of the elongate inner insert and the elongate outer insert comprises a gas conduit to feed gas to an inlet of the inner volume. 6. A sample cell as in claim 5, wherein the gas conduit comprises a liquid drain to divert liquids carried within the gas conduit away from the inner volume. 7. A sample cell as in claim 1, wherein the sample cell is configured as a Herriott cell, a tubular enclosure, a rectangular enclosure, a White cell, and a Pfund cell. 8. A sample cell for laser absorption spectroscopy, the sample cell comprising: a first opening for at least one of receiving a beam from a radiation source into an inner volume of the sample cell and allowing the beam to exit the sample cell to contact a detector, the inner volume being at least partially contained within a gas passageway having inner surfaces defining a boundary of the inner volume, the inner surfaces comprising at least one reflective side wall, the gas passageway having a length over which the beam travels at least once, the gas passageway carrying gas flow along the length between the first opening and a second opening, the beam propagating at least once along the length of the gas passageway and reflecting at least once off the reflective side surface;wherein the inner surfaces comprise a location at which a maximum clearance distance for gas flow is less than approximately 75 times a characteristic dimension of a cross section of the beam. 9. A sample cell as in claim 8, wherein the gas passageway is formed within a block by one or more of a boring process and a channeling process, and wherein the block comprises one or more parts that form the gas passageway. 10. A sample cell as in claim 8, wherein the gas passageway has a cross-sectional shape, and wherein over at least part of the length, the cross sectional shape comprises at least one of a circle, an ellipse, and a rectangle. 11. A sample cell as in claim 8, wherein the gas passageway is disposed such that the beam travels through the gas passageway from the source located near a first end of the gas passageway to the detector located near a second end of the gas passageway, the first opening disposed at the first end and the second opening disposed at the second end. 12. A sample cell as in claim 8, wherein the gas passageway is substantially collinear with an axis of propagation of the beam. 13. A sample cell as in claim 1, wherein the maximum clearance distance is in a range of less than approximately 65 times the characteristic dimension of the cross section of the beam. 14. A sample cell as in claim 1, wherein the maximum clearance distance is in a range of approximately 3 to 10 times the characteristic dimension of the cross section of the beam or in a range of approximately 3 to 50 times the characteristic dimension of the cross section of the beam. 15. A sample cell as in claim 1, further comprising at least one reflective surface from which the beam is reflected at least one time. 16. A sample cell as in claim 15, wherein the at least one reflective surface comprises a mirror disposed at one end of the inner volume. 17. A sample cell as in claim 8, wherein the at least one location comprises at least one baffle feature that creates the maximum clearance distance for gas flow in at least one dimension. 18. A method comprising: receiving a beam from a radiation source into an inner volume of a sample cell substantially surrounding an elongate outer insert having an outer surface with an outer radius and a shaped inner surface having a varying inner radius, the elongate outer insert mounted inside the sample cell and allowing the beam to exit the sample cell to contact a detector;defining a boundary of the inner volume with the shaped inner surface, the shaped inner surface comprising a location at which a maximum clearance distance for gas flow is less than approximately 75 times a characteristic dimension of a cross section of the beam; andpassing a flowing gas stream through the sample cell. 19. A method as in claim 18, wherein the maximum clearance distance is in a range of less than approximately 65 times the characteristic dimension of the cross section of the beam. 20. A method as in claim 18, wherein the maximum clearance distance is in a range of approximately 3 to 10 times the characteristic dimension of the cross section of the beam or in a range of approximately 3 to 50 times the characteristic dimension of the cross section of the beam. 21. An apparatus comprising: inner surfaces of an outer wall at least partially defining an inner volume through which a beam of a radiation source is received;at least one reflective surface at each of two opposing ends in the inner volume; andan insert within the inner volume sized and positioned at a location intermediate the reflective surfaces, the insert reducing a clearance distance for gas flowing through the inner volume at locations within the inner volume at which the beam does not pass, andwherein the insert is disposed adjacent to the inner surfaces, and wherein the apparatus further comprises a second insert within the inner volume sized and positioned at a location intermediate the reflective surfaces, the second insert further reducing the clearance distance in cooperation with the insert. 22. An apparatus as in claim 21, further comprising the radiation source and the detector. 23. A sample cell as in claim 8, wherein the gas passageway is curved along the length.
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이 특허에 인용된 특허 (7)
Carey Glen A. (North Ridgeville OH) Hydo Steven J. (Wellington OH), Combination absorbance fluorescence aspirating thermal cuvette.
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