초록

Methods and kits of the invention are useful for calculating 24-hour excretion of sodium without the need to collect urine for 24 hours.

대표청구항 ▼

1. A method of determining a subject's 24-hour urinary excretion of an analyte from a single sample of the subject's urine, comprising: measuring the analyte concentration in the single urine sample;measuring creatinine concentration in the single urine sample;using the subject's age, gender, race,

1. A method of determining a subject's 24-hour urinary excretion of an analyte from a single sample of the subject's urine, comprising: measuring the analyte concentration in the single urine sample;measuring creatinine concentration in the single urine sample;using the subject's age, gender, race, weight, muscle mass, lean body mass, muscle mass, adiposity, physical activity, or a combination thereof, to select a normalized 24-hour creatinine excretion value from an array of normalized 24-hour creatinine excretion values, wherein each normalized 24-hour creatinine excretion value is an estimated mean of observed 24-hour urine creatinine concentrations for a population of persons of similar age, gender, race, weight, muscle mass, lean body mass, muscle mass, adiposity, and/or physical activity; andusing the normalized 24-hour creatinine excretion value, the measured analyte concentration, and the measured creatinine concentration to determine the 24-hour urinary excretion of analyte for the subject. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the analyte is chloride, albumin, catecholamine, calcium, methylmalonic acid, zinc, magnesium, n-terminal telopeptide (NTx) or a combination thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the 24-hour urinary excretion of analyte for the subject is determined by identifying the subject's 24-hour analyte excretion from an array of 24-hour urinary analyte excretion values that vary depending upon values for normalized 24-hour creatinine excretion, analyte concentration, and creatinine concentration. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the 24-hour urinary excretion of the analyte for the subject is determined using the following formula: sample⁢×⁢normalized⁢⁢24⁢⁢hr⁢⁢creatinine⁢⁢valuesample=subject'⁢s⁢⁢24⁢-⁢hr⁢⁢analyte⁢⁢⁢excretion⁢wherein: sample is the measured concentration of analyte in the subject's single urine sample;sample is the measured concentration of creatinine in the subject's single urine sample;normalized 24 hr creatinine value is the normalized 24-hour creatinine excretion value; andsubject's 24-hour analyte excretion is the determined amount of analyte excreted by the subject over 24 hours. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject's gender, race and weight are used to select the normalized 24-hour creatinine excretion value from the array of normalized 24-hour creatinine excretion values. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein each normalized 24-hour creatinine excretion value is an estimated mean (from regression analysis) of observed 24-hour urine creatinine concentrations for a population of persons of similar gender, race, and weight. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the single urine sample is obtained approximately half-way through the subject's waking cycle, and several hours after a significant meal. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the single urine sample is obtained in late afternoon or early evening, before the evening meal. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the single urine sample is obtained by the subject at home or work, the concentrations are measured by the subject at home and the subject's 24-hour urinary analyte excretion is determined by the subject at home or work. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the single urine sample is obtained by the subject, the concentrations are measured by a health care professional and the subject's 24-hour urinary analyte excretion is determined by a health care professional. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein measurement of the analyte concentration and/or the creatinine concentration is quantitative. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein measurement of the analyte concentration and/or the creatinine concentration is semi-quantitative. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein measurement of the analyte concentration and/or the creatinine concentration yields a numerical value or a range of numerical values. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the determined 24-hour urinary excretion of analyte for the subject is a numerical value or a range of numerical values. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the determined 24-hour urinary excretion of analyte for the subject is an indication that the 24-hour urinary excretion of analyte for the subject is low, medium or high. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the analyte concentration is measured using amperometry, fluorimetry, spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, atomic emission spectrometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, gravimetry, titrimetry, colorimetry, enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), spectrometry, colorimetry, gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, enzymatic assay, electrophoretically or a combination thereof. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the analyte concentration and/or the creatinine concentration are measured without the use of a laboratory instrument. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the analyte concentration and/or the creatinine concentration in the subject's urine are measured using a dipstick. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein measurement of the analyte concentration and/or the creatinine concentration with a dipstick yields a numerical value. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein measurement of the analyte concentration and/or the creatinine concentration with a dipstick yields a colorimetric readout. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the array of normalized 24-hour creatinine excretion values is calculated using either of the following formulae: y=1150mg−407.4mg(if female)+(5.7)(weight in pounds)−88mg(if white)  Iy=654mg-537.3mg(if female)+(7.3)(weight in pounds)−59.3mg(if white)  II wherein y is a normalized 24-hr creatinine excretion value in milligrams. 22. A method of determining a subject's 24-hour urinary excretion of sodium from a single sample of the subject's urine, comprising: measuring chloride concentration in the single urine sample;measuring creatinine concentration in the single urine sample;using the subject's age, gender, race, weight, muscle mass, lean body mass, muscle mass, adiposity, physical activity, or a combination thereof, to select a normalized 24-hour creatinine excretion value from an array of normalized 24-hour creatinine excretion values, wherein each normalized 24-hour creatinine excretion value is an estimated mean of observed 24-hour urine creatinine concentrations for a population of persons of similar age, gender, race, weight, muscle mass, lean body mass, muscle mass, adiposity, and/or physical activity; andusing the normalized 24-hour creatinine excretion value, the measured chloride concentration, and the measured creatinine concentration to determine the 24-hour urinary excretion of sodium for the subject. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the 24-hour urinary excretion of sodium for the subject is determined by identifying the subject's 24-hour sodium excretion from an array of 24-hour urinary sodium excretion values that vary depending upon values for normalized 24-hour creatinine excretion, chloride concentration, and creatinine concentration. 24. The method of claim 22, wherein the 24-hour urinary excretion of sodium for the subject is determined using the following formula: sample⁢×⁢normalized⁢⁢24⁢⁢hr⁢⁢creatinine⁢⁢valuesample=subject'⁢s⁢⁢24⁢-⁢hr⁢⁢chloride⁢⁢excretion⁢wherein: sample is the measured concentration of chloride in the subject's single urine sample;sample is the measured concentration of creatinine in the subject's single urine sample;normalized creatinine value is the normalized 24-hour creatinine excretion value; anddetermining the subject's 24-hour sodium excretion from the subject's 24-hr chloride excretion. 25. The method of claim 22, wherein the subject's gender, race and weight are used to select the normalized 24-hour creatinine excretion value from the array of normalized 24-hour creatinine excretion values. 26. The method of claim 22, wherein each normalized 24-hour creatinine excretion value is an estimated mean (from regression analysis) of observed 24-hour urine creatinine concentrations for a population of persons of similar gender, race, and weight. 27. The method of claim 22, wherein the single urine sample is obtained approximately half-way through the subject's waking cycle, and several hours after a significant meal. 28. The method of claim 22, wherein the single urine sample is obtained in late afternoon or early evening, before the evening meal. 29. The method of claim 22, wherein the single urine sample is obtained by the subject at home or work, the concentrations are measured by the subject at home and the subject's 24-hour urinary sodium excretion is determined by the subject at home or work. 30. The method of claim 22, wherein the single urine sample is obtained by the subject, the concentrations are measured by a health care professional and the subject's 24-hour urinary sodium excretion is determined by a health care professional. 31. The method of claim 22, wherein measurement of the chloride concentration and/or the creatinine concentration is quantitative. 32. The method of claim 22, wherein measurement of the chloride concentration and/or the creatinine concentration is semi-quantitative. 33. The method of claim 22, wherein measurement of the chloride concentration and/or the creatinine concentration yields a numerical value or a range of numerical values. 34. The method of claim 22, wherein the determined 24-hour urinary excretion of sodium for the subject is a numerical value or a range of numerical values. 35. The method of claim 22, wherein the determined 24-hour urinary excretion of sodium for the subject is an indication that the 24-hour urinary excretion of sodium for the subject is low, medium or high. 36. The method of claim 22, wherein the chloride concentration is measured using amperometry, fluorimetry, spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, atomic emission spectrometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, gravimetry, titrimetry, colorimetry, or a combination thereof. 37. The method of claim 22, wherein the creatinine concentration is measured using enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), spectrometry, colorimetry, gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, enzymatic assay, electrophoretically or a combination thereof. 38. The method of claim 22, wherein the chloride concentration and/or the creatinine concentration are measured without the use of a laboratory instrument. 39. The method of claim 22, wherein the chloride concentration and/or the creatinine concentration in the subject's urine are measured using a dipstick. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein measurement of the chloride concentration and/or the creatinine concentration with a dipstick yields a numerical value. 41. The method of claim 39, wherein measurement of the chloride concentration and/or the creatinine concentration with a dipstick yields a colorimetric readout. 42. The method of claim 22, wherein the array of normalized 24-hour creatinine excretion values is calculated using either of the following formulae: y=1150mg−407.4mg(if female)+(5.7)(weight in pounds)−88mg(if white)  Iy=654mg−537.3mg(if female)+(7.3)(weight in pounds)−59.3mg(if white)  II wherein y is a normalized 24-hr creatinine excretion value in milligrams. 43. A method of improving the accuracy of determining 24-hour urinary excretion of sodium by a subject from a single urine sample, comprising: measuring creatinine concentration and chloride concentration in a single urine sample obtained from a subject in late afternoon before consuming a meal;using the subject's gender, race and weight to select a normalized 24-hour creatinine excretion value from an array of normalized 24-hour creatinine excretion values, wherein each normalized 24-hour creatinine excretion value in the array is an estimated mean of observed 24-hour urine creatinine concentrations for a population of persons with the subject's gender, race and weight; anddetermining the subject's 24-hour urinary excretion of sodium. 44. The method of claim 43, wherein the 24-hour urinary excretion of sodium for the subject is determined using the following formula: sample⁢×⁢normalized⁢⁢24⁢-⁢hr⁢⁢creatinine⁢⁢valuesample=subject'⁢s⁢⁢24⁢-⁢hr⁢⁢chloride⁢⁢excretion⁢ wherein: sample is the measured concentration of chloride in the subject's single urine sample;sample is the measured concentration of creatinine in the subject's single urine sample;normalized creatinine value is the normalized 24-hour creatinine excretion value; anddetermining the subject's 24-hour sodium excretion from the subject's 24 hour chloride excretion. 45. The method of claim 43, wherein the 24-hour urinary excretion of sodium for the subject is selected from an array of normalized 24-hour urinary sodium excretion values. 46. A kit for calculating 24-hour excretion of an analyte by a subject, the kit comprising: (a) a container for holding a single urine sample;(b) a device for measuring the analyte concentration in the single urine sample;(c) a device for measuring creatinine concentration in the single urine sample; and(d) instructions comprising a first nomogram listing normalized 24-hour creatinine excretion values for distinct populations of subjects, where the normalized 24-hour creatinine excretion values vary depending upon the populations' age, gender, race, weight, lean body mass, muscle mass, adiposity, physical activity, or a combination thereof, and a second nomogram listing calculated 24-hour analyte excretion values, where the calculated 24-hour analyte excretion values are derived from the normalized 24-hour urine creatinine excretion value for the subject, the analyte concentration in the spot urine sample and the creatinine concentration in the single urine sample. 47. The kit of claim 46, wherein the analyte is chloride, albumin, catecholamine, calcium, methylmalonic acid, zinc, magnesium, n-terminal telopeptide (NTx) or a combination thereof. 48. The kit of claim 46, wherein the analyte is chloride. 49. The kit of claim 48, wherein the calculated 24-hour analyte excretion values are calculated 24-hour sodium excretion values, and the analyte concentration is a chloride concentration in the single urine sample. 50. The kit of claim 46, wherein the devices are titrator dipsticks for colorimetric determination of the concentrations of the analyte and creatinine in the urine sample. 51. The kit of claim 46, wherein the first nomogram is an array or listing of normalized 24-hour creatinine excretion values that vary depending upon the populations' gender, race, and weight.