초록 ▼

A gasification reactor for processing organic waste in batches comprises a primary gasification reactor (62) that includes a primary gasification chamber (18) and a surrounding combustion chamber (19), a secondary gasification chamber (21), a synthesis gas decontamination unit (42) and a combustible

A gasification reactor for processing organic waste in batches comprises a primary gasification reactor (62) that includes a primary gasification chamber (18) and a surrounding combustion chamber (19), a secondary gasification chamber (21), a synthesis gas decontamination unit (42) and a combustible gas selector (41). The waste is loaded into the primary gasification chamber through a latched opening and heated from the combustion of a fuel in the combustion chamber (19) to convert the waste to a synthesis gas. The gasification chamber (18) has an intake (20) for introducing pre-heated process air (1) therein. The combustion chamber operates either with a conventional fuel (9) or with the produced synthesis gas (6). The secondary gasification chamber (21) thermally treats the synthesis gas (2) to eliminate tars. The decontamination unit (42) scrubs the synthesis gas of contaminants including particulates and acid gases. The clean synthesis gas (6) is directed to the combustible gas selector (41) which selectively feeds either the combustible fluid (9) or the synthesis gas (6) to the burner (40).

대표청구항 ▼

1. A gasification waste processor for processing organic waste, the processor comprising: a closed primary gasification chamber having a controlled process air inlet and a crude synthesis gas outlet, said primary gasification chamber having a latched hatch adapted to admit placement of bags of said

1. A gasification waste processor for processing organic waste, the processor comprising: a closed primary gasification chamber having a controlled process air inlet and a crude synthesis gas outlet, said primary gasification chamber having a latched hatch adapted to admit placement of bags of said waste in said primary chamber prior to gasification;a combustion chamber configured to combust an external fuel and synthesis gas produced in the primary gasification chamber for providing process heat to said primary gasification chamber by direct heat exchange between combustion gases and said primary gasification chamber;an electronic control system configured to control said combusting said fuel to ensure gasification of said organic waste and to control process air provided to said gasification chamber to control production of said synthesis gas so that the synthesis gas produced does not exceed what is needed to fuel the gasification of said waste heat requirements for gasification of waste in said gasification chamber, wherein supply and combustion of said external fuel is managed to no longer combust said external fuel when said heat from combustion of said synthesis gas is sufficient to produce said synthesis gas for heating said primary gasification chamber, and to complete gasification of said organic waste in said primary gasification chamber. 2. The processor as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: a secondary gasification chamber receiving said crude synthesis gas and treating same to reduce tar content and produce outlet synthesis gas; anda decontamination unit for decontaminating said outlet synthesis gas, wherein said electronic control system is configured to control operation of said secondary gasification chamber to drive a closed cycle of processing of said waste. 3. The processor as claimed in claim 2, further comprising a synthesis gas management system for managing said synthesis gas to be combusted in said combustion chamber, said gas management system replacing the supply of external fuel with said synthesis gas as synthesis gas is available during processing of said waste. 4. The processor as claimed in claim 3, wherein said external fuel is a fuel gas, and said synthesis gas is combusted in a same burner of said combustion chamber as said external gas supply. 5. The processor as claimed in claim 3, wherein said external fuel is a liquid fuel, and said synthesis gas is combusted in a different burner of said combustion chamber as a burner for said external fuel. 6. The processor as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a process air pre-heat unit for heating said process air. 7. The processor as claimed in claim 6, said pre-heat unit comprising a heat exchanger for exchanging heat with flue gas originating from said combustion chamber. 8. The processor as claimed in claim 7, wherein: said process air is introduced into said primary gasification chamber in a manner to contact and heat said waste;said primary gasification chamber is made of stainless steel; said combustion chamber is adapted to provide said heat to said primary gasification chamber to reach a temperature near a maximum operating temperature higher than which said stainless steel undergoes rapid oxidation; andgasification in said primary gasification chamber being aided by said circulating of said heated process air. 9. The processor as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an ash removal mechanism located at a bottom of said primary gasification chamber. 10. The processor as claimed in claim 1, wherein said decontamination unit comprises a wet scrubber. 11. The processor as claimed in claim 1, wherein said primary gasification chamber comprises an impeller for mixing said waste. 12. The processor as claimed in claim 1, wherein said primary gasification chamber is a cylinder arranged in a vertical position, said combustion chamber surrounds said primary gasification chamber, and a burner of said combustion chamber is located at a bottom of said primary gasification chamber. 13. The processor as claimed in claim 12, wherein a cylindrical side wall of said primary gasification chamber forms part of a flue of said combustion chamber. 14. A method of processing waste by gasification, the method comprising: providing organic waste in a primary gasification chamber;combusting an external fuel at a beginning of said gasification to heat said primary gasification chamber by heat exchange between combustion gases from combusting said external fuel and an outside of said primary gasification chamber to bring said organic waste in said primary gasification chamber up to a gasification temperature and produce a synthesis gas;combusting said synthesis gas produced from said organic waste in said primary gasification chamber to heat said gasification chamber by heat exchange between combustion gases from combusting said synthesis gas and an outside of said gasification chamber;controlling a supply of said external fuel to replace said external fuel by said synthesis gas as it is produced;controlling the amount of process air fed to the primary gasification chamber to reduce the amount of synthesis gas produced when the production of synthesis gas exceeds what is needed to fuel the gasification of said waste so that no synthesis gas is produced in excess of what is needed for gasification of said waste. 15. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein said organic waste is provided in said chamber without prior mechanical commutation or dessication. 16. The method as claimed in claim 15, wherein said organic waste is placed manually in said chamber in one or more plastic garbage bags used for collecting said waste. 17. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein process air fed into said chamber is preheated. 18. The method as claimed in claim 17, wherein said process air is heated using flue gas from a combustion chamber for heating said primary gasification chamber. 19. The method as claimed in claim 17, wherein said primary gasification chamber is heated to reach a temperature near a maximum operating temperature higher than which a material of said primary gasification chamber undergoes rapid oxidation, gasification in said primary gasification chamber being aided by said preheated process air. 20. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein said gasifying comprises mixing said waste in said primary gasification chamber during the gasification process. 21. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein said synthesis gas is processed by a secondary gasification chamber and a scrubber to produce clean synthesis gas.