최소 단어 이상 선택하여야 합니다.
최대 10 단어까지만 선택 가능합니다.
다음과 같은 기능을 한번의 로그인으로 사용 할 수 있습니다.
NTIS 바로가기다음과 같은 기능을 한번의 로그인으로 사용 할 수 있습니다.
DataON 바로가기다음과 같은 기능을 한번의 로그인으로 사용 할 수 있습니다.
Edison 바로가기다음과 같은 기능을 한번의 로그인으로 사용 할 수 있습니다.
Kafe 바로가기국가/구분 | United States(US) Patent 등록 |
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국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 | US-0113684 (2008-05-01) |
등록번호 | US-9145590 (2015-09-29) |
발명자 / 주소 |
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출원인 / 주소 |
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대리인 / 주소 |
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인용정보 | 피인용 횟수 : 0 인용 특허 : 286 |
Isolated non-naturally occurring populations of spermatozoa (15) having high purity and technologies to differentiate spermatozoa (28) based on characteristics such as mass, volume, orientation, or emitted light including methods of analysis and apparatus such as beam shaping optics (30) and detecto
Isolated non-naturally occurring populations of spermatozoa (15) having high purity and technologies to differentiate spermatozoa (28) based on characteristics such as mass, volume, orientation, or emitted light including methods of analysis and apparatus such as beam shaping optics (30) and detectors (32).
1. A particle differentiation apparatus, comprising: a) at least one photomultiplier tube disposed to receive an amount of fluorescent light emitted by each of a plurality of particles, and wherein said amount of fluorescent light emitted varies based upon the relative presence or absence of at leas
1. A particle differentiation apparatus, comprising: a) at least one photomultiplier tube disposed to receive an amount of fluorescent light emitted by each of a plurality of particles, and wherein said amount of fluorescent light emitted varies based upon the relative presence or absence of at least one particle differentiation characteristic of each of said plurality of particles, and wherein said at least one photomultiplier tube converts said amount of fluorescent light emitted by each of said plurality of particles into at least one signal which varies based upon variation in said amount of light emitted by each of said plurality of particles;b) a photomultiplier tube controller;c) a plurality of electrical components for being placed in a circuit of the photomultiplier tube controller and capable of altering an operating voltage of the at least one photomultiplier tube throughout a range of nearly 0 volts to below 400 volts, and wherein one or more of said plurality of electrical components are placed in the circuit of the photomultiplier tube controller causing the photomultiplier tube controller to operate the at least one photomultiplier tube at a specific voltage in the range of nearly 0 volts to below 400 volts; andd) an analyzer configured to analyze said at least one signal of said at least one photomultiplier tube operated at a voltage in said voltage range of nearly 0 volts to below 400 volts to differentiate between particles based upon said at least one particle differentiation characteristic. 2. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 1, wherein said photomultiplier tube controller has a configuration which operates said at least one photomultiplier tube at a voltage selected from the group consisting of: between nearly 0 volts and about 280 volts, between nearly 0 volts and about 250 volts, between nearly 0 volts and about 200 volts, just above about 0 volts, about 200 volts, about 250 volts, about and below about 300 volts. 3. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 1, further comprising an irradiation source which generates an irradiation beam, said irradiation source disposed to allow each of said plurality of particles to travel through said irradiation beam. 4. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 3, wherein said irradiation beam has a wavelength which excites a light emission material bound to each of said plurality of particles, said light emission material emitting said amount of fluorescent light in response to said irradiation beam. 5. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 4, wherein said light emission material bound to each of said plurality of particles comprises an amount of stain bound to an amount of nuclear DNA of each of a plurality of sperm cells. 6. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 5, wherein said at least one particle differentiation characteristic comprises a difference in said amount of stain bound to said amount of nuclear DNA of X-chromosome bearing sperm cells and said amount of nuclear DNA of Y-chromosome bearing sperm cells. 7. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 4, wherein each of said plurality of particles comprises an asymmetric particle having a length along the longitudinal axis of between about 5 micrometers and about 10 micrometers. 8. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 7, further comprising optics adjustable to focus said irradiation beam in a particle irradiation pattern having a height through which said asymmetric particle travels of about equal to the length of said asymmetrical particle along the longitudinal axis to about three times the length of said asymmetrical particle along the longitudinal axis. 9. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 8, further comprising a fluid stream generator which produces a fluid stream which entrains said plurality of particles. 10. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 9, wherein said at least one particle differentiation characteristic comprises orientation of said asymmetric particle within said fluid stream, and wherein said photomultiplier tube is deferentially responsive to said fluorescent light emitted from said light emission material based upon said particle orientation characteristics, and wherein said analyzer coupled to said photomultiplier tube differentiates between said asymmetric particles based upon orientation within said fluid stream. 11. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 8, wherein said asymmetrical particles comprises a sperm cell heads. 12. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 11, wherein said particle irradiation pattern has a height of about 20 micrometers. 13. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 1, wherein said particle differentiation characteristic comprises a difference in said amount of fluorescent light emitted between said X-chromosome bearing and said Y-chromosome bearing sperm cells. 14. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 13, further comprising a droplet generator which induces a plurality of droplets to break off from said fluid stream each entraining one of said plurality of sperm cells. 15. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 14, wherein said plurality of droplets breaking off from said fluid stream have sufficient size to encapsulate said one of said sperm cells. 16. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 14, further comprising a nozzle coupled to said droplet generator, said nozzle having an orifice of about 100 micrometers in diameter. 17. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 14, further comprising a droplet charger coupled to said analyzer, wherein each of said plurality of droplets receive a charge differentially based upon said difference in amount of said stain bound to said amount of nuclear DNA of said X-chromosome bearing sperm cells and said amount of nuclear DNA of said Y-chromosome bearing sperm cells. 18. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 17, further comprising a droplet separator, wherein said droplet separator separates said plurality of droplets based upon charge of each of said plurality of droplets. 19. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 18, further comprising a collection containers disposed in relation to said droplet separator for collection of each of said X-chromosome bearing sperm cells and said Y-chromosome bearing sperm cells. 20. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 19, wherein said X-chromosome bearing sperm cells and said Y-chromosome bearing sperm cells collected in each said collection container have a purity selected from the group consisting of between about 90% to about 100%, between about 91% to about 100%, between about 92% to about 100%, between about 93% to about 100%, between about 94% to about 100%, between about 95% to about 100%, between about 96% to about 100%, between about 97% to about 100%, between about 98% to about 100%, and between about 99% to about 100%. 21. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 19, further comprising a separable event rate of up to about 35,000 separable events per second. 22. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 15, further comprising a droplet formation rate of up to about 200,000 droplets per second. 23. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 5, wherein said plurality of sperm cells comprise a plurality of sperm cells of a bovine mammal. 24. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 5, wherein said plurality of sperm cells comprise a plurality of sperm cells of an equine mammal. 25. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 5, wherein said plurality of sperm cells comprise a plurality of sperm cells of an ovine mammal. 26. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 1, wherein said particle differentiation apparatus is selected from the group consisting of: a flow cytometer and a sorting flow cytometer. 27. A particle differentiation apparatus, comprising: a) at least one photomultiplier tube disposed to receive an amount of fluorescent light emitted by each of a plurality of particles, and wherein said amount of fluorescent light emitted varies based upon the relative presence or absence of at least one particle differentiation characteristic of each of said plurality of particles, and wherein said at least one photomultiplier tube converts said amount of fluorescent light emitted by each of said plurality of particles into at least one signal which varies based upon variation in said amount of light emitted by each of said plurality of particles;b) a photomultiplier tube controller configured to operate said at least one photomultiplier tube at a voltage of just above 0 volts; andc) an analyzer configured to analyze said at least one signal of said at least one photomultiplier tube operated at a voltage just above 0 volts to differentiate between particles based upon said at least one particle differentiation characteristic. 28. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 27, wherein said photomultiplier tube controller has a configuration which operates said at least one photomultiplier tube at a voltage selected from the group consisting of: between nearly 0 volts and about 280 volts, between nearly 0 volts and about 250 volts, between nearly 0 volts and about 200 volts, just above about 0 volts, about 200 volts, about 250 volts, about and below about 300 volts. 29. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 27, further comprising an irradiation source which generates an irradiation beam, said irradiation source disposed to allow each of said plurality of particles to travel through said irradiation beam. 30. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 29, wherein said irradiation beam has a wavelength which excites a light emission material bound to each of said plurality of particles, said light emission material emitting said amount of fluorescent light in response to said irradiation beam. 31. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 30, wherein said light emission material bound to each of said plurality of particles comprises an amount of stain bound to an amount of nuclear DNA of each of a plurality of sperm cells. 32. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 31, wherein said at least one particle differentiation characteristic comprises a difference in said amount of stain bound to said amount of nuclear DNA of X-chromosome bearing sperm cells and said amount of nuclear DNA of Y-chromosome bearing sperm cells. 33. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 30, wherein each of said plurality of particles comprises an asymmetric particle having a length along the longitudinal axis of between about 5 micrometers and about 10 micrometers. 34. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 33, further comprising optics adjustable to focus said irradiation beam in a particle irradiation pattern having a height through which said asymmetric particle travels of about equal to the length of said asymmetrical particle along the longitudinal axis to about three times the length of said asymmetrical particle along the longitudinal axis. 35. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 34, further comprising a fluid stream generator which produces a fluid stream which entrains said plurality of particles. 36. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 35, wherein said at least one particle differentiation characteristic comprises orientation of said asymmetric particle within said fluid stream, and wherein said photomultiplier tube is deferentially responsive to said fluorescent light emitted from said light emission material based upon said particle orientation characteristics, and wherein said analyzer coupled to said photomultiplier tube differentiates between said asymmetric particles based upon orientation within said fluid stream. 37. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 34, wherein said asymmetrical particles comprises a sperm cell heads. 38. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 37, wherein said particle irradiation pattern has a height of about 20 micrometers. 39. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 27, wherein said particle differentiation characteristic comprises a difference in said amount of fluorescent light emitted between said X-chromosome bearing and said Y-chromosome bearing sperm cells. 40. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 39, further comprising a droplet generator which induces a plurality of droplets to break off from said fluid stream each entraining one of said plurality of sperm cells. 41. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 40, wherein said plurality of droplets breaking off from said fluid stream have sufficient size to encapsulate said one of said sperm cells. 42. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 40, further comprising a nozzle coupled to said droplet generator, said nozzle having an orifice of about 100 micrometers in diameter. 43. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 40, further comprising a droplet charger coupled to said analyzer, wherein each of said plurality of droplets receive a charge differentially based upon said difference in amount of said stain bound to said amount of nuclear DNA of said X-chromosome bearing sperm cells and said amount of nuclear DNA of said Y-chromosome bearing sperm cells. 44. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 43, further comprising a droplet separator, wherein said droplet separator separates said plurality of droplets based upon charge of each of said plurality of droplets. 45. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 44, further comprising a collection containers disposed in relation to said droplet separator for collection of each of said X-chromosome bearing sperm cells and said Y-chromosome bearing sperm cells. 46. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 45, wherein said X-chromosome bearing sperm cells and said Y-chromosome bearing sperm cells collected in each said collection container have a purity selected from the group consisting of between about 90% to about 100%, between about 91% to about 100%, between about 92% to about 100%, between about 93% to about 100%, between about 94% to about 100%, between about 95% to about 100%, between about 96% to about 100%, between about 97% to about 100%, between about 98% to about 100%, and between about 99% to about 100%. 47. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 45, further comprising a separable event rate of up to about 35,000 separable events per second. 48. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 41, further comprising a droplet formation rate of up to about 200,000 droplets per second. 49. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 31, wherein said plurality of sperm cells comprise a plurality of sperm cells of a bovine mammal. 50. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 31, wherein said plurality of sperm cells comprise a plurality of sperm cells of an equine mammal. 51. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 31, wherein said plurality of sperm cells comprise a plurality of sperm cells of an ovine mammal. 52. A particle differentiation apparatus as described in claim 27, wherein said particle differentiation apparatus is selected from the group consisting of: a flow cytometer and a sorting flow cytometer.
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