An internal combustion engine comprises a movable piston (2), at least one inlet port (21a, 21b) for a working fluid, at least one transfer/scavenging port (14) for a working fluid, internally to a working space, and at least one exhaust port (16) from the working space, in which the said at least o
An internal combustion engine comprises a movable piston (2), at least one inlet port (21a, 21b) for a working fluid, at least one transfer/scavenging port (14) for a working fluid, internally to a working space, and at least one exhaust port (16) from the working space, in which the said at least one transfer/scavenging port (14) is provided with closure means including a reciprocatable sleeve (1) which is parallel to the axis of and linked synchronously with, the piston movement.
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1. An internal combustion engine comprising: a movable piston reciprocatable within a cylinder;at least one inlet port for a working fluid;at least one transfer/scavenging port for a working fluid, leading to a working space; andat least one exhaust port from the working space;wherein at least one o
1. An internal combustion engine comprising: a movable piston reciprocatable within a cylinder;at least one inlet port for a working fluid;at least one transfer/scavenging port for a working fluid, leading to a working space; andat least one exhaust port from the working space;wherein at least one of said ports is provided with a closure means, the closure means including a reciprocatable sleeve arranged to reciprocate parallel with axis of the piston movement;wherein the engine further comprises a single camshaft assembly having combined function of reciprocating the sleeve and inducing a period of dwell of the piston during cycle of the piston movement. 2. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1, configured so that timing of porting events during the cycle of piston movement is controllable by reciprocation of the reciprocatable sleeve and independently of position of the piston within the cylinder. 3. An internal combustion engine comprising: a movable piston reciprocatable within a cylinder;at least one inlet port for a working fluid;at least one transfer/scavenging port for a working fluid, leading to a working space; andat least one exhaust port from the working space;wherein the at least one exhaust port is provided with a closure means, the closure means including a reciprocatable sleeve arranged to reciprocate parallel with the axis of the piston movement;wherein timing of porting events during cycle of piston movement is controllable by reciprocation of the reciprocatable sleeve;wherein the engine is configured so that the at least one exhaust port is uncovered by the reciprocatable sleeve substantially as the piston arrives in a bottom dead center position within the cylinder; andwherein the engine further comprises a common camshaft assembly having combined function of reciprocating the reciprocatable sleeve and inducing a period of dwell of the piston during the cycle of the piston movement. 4. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the single camshaft assembly comprises at least one cam for inducing the period of dwell of the piston. 5. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 4, wherein the at least one cam is shaped so that a major portion of the cycle of piston movement consists of dwell. 6. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 5, wherein the at least one cam is shaped so that the period of dwell of the piston is sufficient for substantially all of the heat exchange of combustion to take place in the cylinder at constant volume. 7. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 6, wherein the at least one cam is shaped so that the period of dwell of the piston induced is no greater than 120 degrees. 8. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 4, wherein the single camshaft assembly includes at least one further cam for inducing reciprocating movement of the sleeve. 9. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 8, wherein the at least one cam and the at least one further cam are integrally formed on the single camshaft assembly. 10. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 9 wherein the at least one cam and the at least one further cam are mounted out of phase on the single camshaft assembly. 11. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 9, including a rotatable inner housing and a sealed outer fixed housing, the rotatable inner housing being rotatable within the sealed outer fixed housing, and the moveable piston and the reciprocatable sleeve being contained within the rotatable inner housing. 12. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 11 wherein the at least one inlet port is provided in the outer fixed housing and the at least one inlet port in the outer fixed housing is alignable on rotation of the inner housing with a transfer/scavenging passage in the rotatable inner housing which leads to the working space. 13. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 11, wherein the inner housing includes the piston and the sleeve arranged to reciprocate parallel to the axis of, and out of phase with, the piston movement, wherein the inner housing is rotatable about the single camshaft assembly and rotation of the inner housing provides said reciprocal movement to both the piston and the sleeve, wherein the single camshaft assembly provides said reciprocal movement to the piston via at least one rotating cam follower mounted on a further shaft within the piston, and the single camshaft assembly further provides said reciprocal movement to the sleeve via at least one rotating cam follower protruding from the sleeve at a lower end thereof. 14. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 9, wherein the piston comprises two distinct pistons, wherein the two said pistons are linked together to form an opposing pair by means of at least one flat linking element which provides anti-rotation means, as well as linking means, and includes a central slot appropriate to straddle the single camshaft assembly. 15. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 14 wherein the linking element is formed in two halves joined together by means of compression screws to define the central slot. 16. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1 including a plurality of transfer/scavenging ports formed within the cylinder around the circumference of the cylinder bore, each port being separated from its adjacent ports by a narrow bridge. 17. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 11 including an exhaust port in the outer fixed housing wherein the exhaust port from the working space is alignable on rotation of the inner housing with the exhaust port in the outer fixed housing to permit exhaust of the combustion products from the working space. 18. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 17 wherein the exhaust port in the outer housing has a total area greater than that of the working cylinder diameter. 19. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 17 wherein the exhaust port in the outer fixed housing is positioned so that rotation of the internal housing allows communication of the exhaust port in the outer fixed housing with the working space at, or immediately before, the bottom dead centre position of the piston. 20. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 11 configured so that on rotation of the inner housing, the at least one transfer/scavenging port is closed by the reciprocatable sleeve after the exhaust port to reduce or eliminate the escape of fresh charge into the exhaust. 21. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 11 configured so that rotation of the inner housing causes the at least one transfer/scavenging port to be closed by the reciprocatable sleeve substantially at the top dead center position of the piston. 22. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein an inlet tract leading to the said at least one inlet port is bifurcated to allow streams of scavenging and charging air to be of separate origin, such as from a mechanical pump for scavenging air and from an exhaust turbocharger for charging air. 23. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1 where the reciprocatable sleeve includes a series of equally spaced small holes around its periphery which allow communication between high pressure air within the or each transfer/scavenging port and any gap between the or each piston and its respective sleeve below piston rings, whereby exhaust blow-by into an oil sump is substantially avoided. 24. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 11, wherein the rotatable inner housing is integral with a main drive shaft for power take-off. 25. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 11, wherein an oil reservoir is formed within the rotatable inner housing, into which such oil may be recirculated and in which the oil is thrown by centrifugal force onto moving parts contained within the inner housing to enable both cooling and lubrication of such moving parts. 26. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 11, wherein flat rectangular section sprung sealing strips are set in appropriate grooves either side of each working cylinder, set within the outer face of the rotatable inner housing and in contact with an inner face of the outer fixed housing, said strips forming a fluid-tight seal therebetween. 27. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1 wherein the single camshaft assembly includes at least one cam for inducing the dwell of the piston, and includes at least one further cam for inducing reciprocating movement of the reciprocatable sleeve. 28. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1, including a rotatable inner housing and a sealed outer fixed housing, the rotatable inner housing being rotatable within the sealed outer fixed housing, and the moveable piston and the reciprocatable sleeve being contained within the rotatable inner housing. 29. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 28 wherein the at least one inlet port is provided in the outer fixed housing and the at least one inlet port in the outer fixed housing is alignable on rotation of the inner housing with a transfer/scavenging passage in the rotatable inner housing which leads to the working space. 30. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 29 wherein the transfer/scavenging passage is connected tangentially to at least one chamber surrounding the cylinder transfer/scavenging ports. 31. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 4, including a rotatable inner housing and a sealed outer fixed housing, the rotatable inner housing being rotatable within the sealed outer fixed housing, wherein the inner housing includes the piston and the sleeve arranged to reciprocate parallel to the axis of, and out of phase with, the piston movement, wherein the inner housing is rotatable about the single camshaft assembly and rotation of the inner housing provides said reciprocal movement to both the piston and the sleeve, wherein the single camshaft assembly provides said reciprocal movement to the piston via at least one rotating cam follower mounted on a further shaft within the piston, and the single camshaft assembly further provides said reciprocal movement to the sleeve via at least one rotating cam follower protruding from the sleeve at a lower end thereof. 32. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 10, wherein the piston comprises two pistons, wherein the two said pistons are linked together to form an opposing pair by means of at least one flat linking element which provides anti-rotation means, as well as linking means, and includes a central slot appropriate to straddle the single camshaft assembly. 33. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 32 wherein the linking element is formed in two halves joined together by means of compression screws to define the central slot. 34. An internal combustion engine comprising: a movable piston reciprocatable within a cylinder;at least one inlet port for a working fluid;at least one transfer/scavenging port for a working fluid, leading to a working space; andat least one exhaust port from the working space;wherein at least one of said ports is provided with a closure means, the closure means including a reciprocatable sleeve arranged to reciprocate parallel with axis of the piston movement; andwherein reciprocal motion of the reciprocatable sleeve is linked to reciprocal motion of the piston via a common camshaft. 35. The internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 34, wherein the common camshaft includes at least one cam for inducing a period of dwell of the piston and at least one further cam for inducing reciprocating movement of the sleeve. 36. The internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reciprocatable sleeve is a linear reciprocating sleeve. 37. The internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 3, wherein the timing of porting events during the cycle of piston movement is controllable independently of position of the piston within the cylinder. 38. The internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 37, wherein the timed porting events are exhaust porting events. 39. The internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 38, wherein the timed porting events are all porting events. 40. An internal combustion engine comprises comprising: a movable piston, reciprocatable within a cylinder;at least one inlet port for a working fluid;at least one transfer/scavenging port for a working fluid, leading to a working space; andat least one exhaust port from the working space; andat least one shaft;wherein at least one of said ports is provided with a closure means including a reciprocatable sleeve arranged to reciprocate linearly and parallel with axis of the piston movement;wherein the engine further comprises at least one cam for inducing a period of dwell of the piston and comprises a sleeve driving mechanism for reciprocating the linear reciprocatable sleeve, the sleeve driving mechanism comprisingat least one further cam for inducing reciprocating movement of the sleeve; andwherein the at least one cam and the at least one further cam are located on the at least one shaft. 41. The internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein timing of porting events during the cycle of piston movement is controllable by reciprocation of the reciprocatable sleeve. 42. The internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 41, wherein the timed porting events are exhaust porting events. 43. The internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 41, wherein the timed porting events are all porting events. 44. The internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 34, wherein timing of porting events during the cycle of piston movement is controllable by reciprocation of the reciprocatable sleeve. 45. The internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 44, wherein the timed porting events are exhaust porting events. 46. The internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 44, wherein the timed porting events are all porting events. 47. The internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 40, wherein timing of porting events during the cycle of piston movement is controllable by reciprocation of the reciprocatable sleeve. 48. The internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 47, wherein the timed porting events are exhaust porting events. 49. The internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 47, wherein the timed porting events are all porting events.
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이 특허에 인용된 특허 (5)
Clarke John M. (Chillicothe IL), Dual compression and dual expansion engine.
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