An energy absorbing and transmitting material comprising a framework of interconnected units comprising at least one unit having a base and a protrusion or cone extending from the base along an axis, and at least one connecting member or rod that connects the unit to at least one adjacent unit, the
An energy absorbing and transmitting material comprising a framework of interconnected units comprising at least one unit having a base and a protrusion or cone extending from the base along an axis, and at least one connecting member or rod that connects the unit to at least one adjacent unit, the connecting members extending substantially perpendicular to the axis of the unit from the base, where the framework is comprised of a single elastic material throughout, or configured so that when the framework is perturbed by tilting the unit towards the adjacent unit, the adjacent unit is tilted towards the unit.
대표청구항▼
1. An energy absorbing and transmitting framework comprising: a plurality of units, each unit having a base and a protrusion extending from the base along an axis, anda plurality of connecting members, each connecting member connecting two adjacent units, each connecting member extending substantial
1. An energy absorbing and transmitting framework comprising: a plurality of units, each unit having a base and a protrusion extending from the base along an axis, anda plurality of connecting members, each connecting member connecting two adjacent units, each connecting member extending substantially perpendicular to the axes, the base of each unit being below the connecting members and the protrusion extending above the connecting members,wherein, when a force is applied to the protrusion of a unit, the force being offset from the axis of the unit at an angle greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees, the unit tilts towards an adjacent unit,and wherein each of a plurality of the bases is shaped to facilitate tilting or deflection of the corresponding unit against an underlying surface contacting the bases. 2. The framework of claim 1, wherein the framework is made of a single elastic material throughout. 3. The framework of claim 2, wherein the uppermost portion of each protrusion is unconstrained to permit complete deflection of the units under a sufficient load so that each completely defected unit rests on another unit, on a connecting member, or on the underlying surface. 4. The framework of claim 1, wherein each of the protrusions has a tip extending from the protrusion along the axis. 5. The framework of claim 4, wherein each of a plurality of the protrusions are conical, and the corresponding tip comprises a cylinder or cone. 6. The framework of claim 1, wherein the protrusions are conical or frustoconical. 7. The framework of claim 1, wherein the connecting members are rods that transmit torsion along their length, wherein each connecting member connects directly only to two adjacent units. 8. The framework of claim 1, wherein each of a plurality of the units further comprises at least one base projection extending from the base opposite to the protrusion, wherein the base projections are shaped to minimize contact with the underlying surface so as to increase the tendency of the unit to tilt or deflect. 9. The framework of claim 8, wherein each of a plurality of the units further comprises two or more base projections extending from the base of the unit opposite to the protrusion. 10. The framework of claim 1, wherein each unit is connected to a plurality of adjacent units along one or more longitudinal axes. 11. The framework of claim 10, wherein each of a plurality of the units is connected to a plurality of adjacent unit along exactly two longitudinal axes. 12. The framework of claim 10, wherein each of a plurality of the units is connected to a plurality of adjacent units along three longitudinal axes. 13. The framework of claim 1, wherein at least one unit has a width that is less than the width of at least one adjacent unit. 14. The framework of claim 1, wherein at least one unit and at least one adjacent unit have differing densities. 15. The framework of claim 1, wherein at least one unit and at least one adjacent unit have different volumes. 16. The framework of claim 1, wherein the framework is made of elastic foam, a polymer or elastomer, or a natural rubber. 17. The framework of claim 16, wherein the framework is made of a hydrophobic closed-cell foam. 18. The framework of claim 1, wherein the units are regularly spaced. 19. The framework of claim 1, wherein each of a plurality of the base projections is hemispherical. 20. The framework of claim 1, wherein the units are not hollow.
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