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The present invention relates to a solid oxide fuel cell having a gradient structure in which pore size becomes gradually smaller from a porous electrode to an electrolyte thin film in order to form a dense electrolyte thin film of less than about 2 microns and preferably less than 1 micron on the p

The present invention relates to a solid oxide fuel cell having a gradient structure in which pore size becomes gradually smaller from a porous electrode to an electrolyte thin film in order to form a dense electrolyte thin film of less than about 2 microns and preferably less than 1 micron on the porous electrode.

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1. An anode supported-solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) comprising: a porous anode support, an electrolyte layer, and a nano-porous layer disposed between the porous anode support and the electrolyte layer, wherein a size of pores at a surface of the nano-porous layer in contact with the electrolyte laye

1. An anode supported-solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) comprising: a porous anode support, an electrolyte layer, and a nano-porous layer disposed between the porous anode support and the electrolyte layer, wherein a size of pores at a surface of the nano-porous layer in contact with the electrolyte layer, is smaller than a size of pores in the porous anode support and a thickness of the electrolyte layer, and the thickness of the electrolyte layer is 1 μm or less: anda porous intermediate layer disposed between the porous anode support and the nano-porous layer, wherein the porous intermediate layer has pores whose size is smaller than that of pores in the anode support and greater than that of pores in the nano-porous layer. 2. The cell of claim 1, wherein the nano-porous layer includes a cermet composite of a ceramic for electrolyte and metal. 3. The cell of claim 2, wherein the ceramic for electrolyte is one or more selected from the group consisting of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ), scandia stabilized zirconia (ScSZ), gadolinia doped ceria (GDC), samarium doped ceria (SDC), strontium manganese doped lanthanum gallate (LSGM), and silver yttria doped bismuth (YDB) oxide. 4. The cell of claim 2, wherein the metal is one or more selected from the group consisting of nickel (Ni), ruthenium (Ru), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rd), platinum (Pt), and an alloy thereof. 5. The cell of claim 2, wherein the ceramics for electrolyte is connected to each other to form a skeleton as a structural support to prevent agglomeration of metal. 6. The cell of claim 1, wherein an average size of the pores in the nano-porous layer ranges from 30 nm to 300 nm. 7. The cell of claim 1, wherein an average size of particles of the nano-porous layer ranges from 30 nm to 300 nm. 8. The cell of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte layer is made of a material selected from the group consisting of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ), scandia stabilized zirconia (ScSZ), gadolinia doped ceria (GDC), samarium doped ceria (SDC), strontium manganese doped lanthanum gallate (LSGM), and silver yttria doped bismuth (YDB) oxide. 9. The cell of claim 1, wherein the porous anode support is made of a material selected from the group consisting of: (1) a metal selected from a group of nickel (Ni), ruthenium (Ru), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rd), platinum (Pt), and an alloy thereof;(2) a cermet composite of a metal selected from (1) and a ceramics selected from a group of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ), scandia stabilized zirconia (ScSZ), gadolinia doped ceria (GDC), and samarium doped ceria (SDC); and(3) a ruthenium oxide. 10. The cell of claim 1, wherein the porous anode support has a mono-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including two or more layers having a pore-gradient structure in which a size of pores diminishes toward the nano-porous layer. 11. The cell of claim 1, wherein the nano-porous layer has a mono-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including two or more layers having a pore-gradient structure in which a size of pores diminishes toward the electrolyte layer. 12. An anode supported-solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) comprising: a porous anode support;a porous intermediate layer;a nano-porous layer; andan electrolyte layer,wherein the nano-porous layer is disposed between the porous anode support and the electrolyte layer,wherein a size of pores at a surface of the nano-porous layer in contact with the electrolyte layer is smaller than a size of pores in the porous anode support and a thickness of the electrolyte layer, andwherein the porous intermediate layer disposed between the porous anode support and the nano-porous layer,wherein the porous intermediate layer has pores whose size is smaller than that of pores in the anode support and greater than that of pores in the nano-porous layer. 13. The cell of claim of 12, wherein the thickness of the electrolyte layer is 1 μm or less. 14. The cell of claim 12, wherein the nano-porous layer includes a cermet composite of a ceramic for electrolyte and metal. 15. The cell of claim 14, wherein the ceramic for electrolyte is one or more selected from the group consisting of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ), scandia stabilized zirconia (ScSZ), gadolinia doped ceria (GDC), samarium doped ceria (SDC), strontium manganese doped lanthanum gallate (LSGM), and silver yttria doped bismuth (YDB) oxide. 16. The cell of claim 14, wherein the metal is one or more selected from the group consisting of nickel (Ni), ruthenium (Ru), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rd), platinum (Pt), and an alloy thereof. 17. The cell of claim 14, wherein the ceramics for electrolyte is connected to each other to form a skeleton as a structural support to prevent agglomeration of metal. 18. The cell of claim 12, wherein the electrolyte layer is made of a material selected from the group consisting of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ), scandia stabilized zirconia (ScSZ), gadolinia doped ceria (GDC), samarium doped ceria (SDC), strontium manganese doped lanthanum gallate (LSGM), and silver yttria doped bismuth (YDB) oxide. 19. The cell of claim 12, wherein the porous anode support is made of a material selected from the group consisting of: (1) a metal selected from a group of nickel (Ni), ruthenium (Ru), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rd), platinum (Pt), and an alloy thereof;(2) a cermet composite of a metal selected from (1) and a ceramics selected from a group of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ), scandia stabilized zirconia (ScSZ), gadolinia doped ceria (GDC), and samarium doped ceria (SDC);and (3) a ruthenium oxide. 20. The cell of claim 12, wherein the porous anode support has a mono-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including two or more layers having a pore-gradient structure in which a size of pores diminishes toward the nano-porous layer. 21. The cell of claim 12, wherein the nano-porous layer has a mono-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including two or more layers having a pore-gradient structure in which a size of pores diminishes toward the electrolyte layer. 22. The cell of claim 12, wherein an average size of the pores in the nano-porous layer ranges from 30 nm to 300 nm. 23. The cell of claim 12, wherein an average size of particles of the nano-porous layer ranges from 30 nm to 300 nm.