Embodiments provide single-sided and multi-layered circular polarized, self-contained, compound loop antennas (circular polarized CPL). Embodiments of the CPL antennas produce circular polarized signals by using two electric field radiators physically oriented orthogonal to each other, and by ensuri
Embodiments provide single-sided and multi-layered circular polarized, self-contained, compound loop antennas (circular polarized CPL). Embodiments of the CPL antennas produce circular polarized signals by using two electric field radiators physically oriented orthogonal to each other, and by ensuring that the two electric field radiators are positioned such that an electrical delay between the two electric field radiators results in the two electric field radiators emitting their respective electric fields out of phase. Ensuring the proper electrical delay between the two electric field radiators also maintains high efficiency of the antenna and it improves the axial ratio of the antenna.
대표청구항▼
1. A single-sided, non-linear, polarized, self-contained compound loop antenna, comprising: a magnetic loop located on a plane and configured to generate a magnetic field;a first electric field radiator located on the plane and configured to emit at a first frequency a first electric field orthogona
1. A single-sided, non-linear, polarized, self-contained compound loop antenna, comprising: a magnetic loop located on a plane and configured to generate a magnetic field;a first electric field radiator located on the plane and configured to emit at a first frequency a first electric field orthogonal to the magnetic field, the first electric field radiator coupled to the magnetic loop and having a first orientation; anda second electric field radiator located on the plane and configured to emit a second electric field at the first frequency, the second electric field being orthogonal to the magnetic field and orthogonal to the first electric field, the second electric field radiator coupled to the magnetic loop and having a second orientation orthogonal to the first orientation. 2. The antenna as recited in claim 1, further comprising a counterpoise formed on the magnetic loop and having a counterpoise width greater than a width of the magnetic loop, the counterpoise positioned at a position selected from the group consisting of opposite the first electric field radiator, opposite the second electric field radiator, and opposite the first electric field radiator and the second electric field radiator. 3. The antenna as recited in claim 2, further comprising a transition formed on the magnetic loop and positioned along the magnetic loop before the counterpoise, the transition having a transition width greater than the width of the magnetic loop and substantially creating an approximately 180 degree phase delay to the counterpoise. 4. The antenna as recited in claim 1, further comprising a balun canceling a common mode current and tuning the antenna to a desired input impedance. 5. The antenna as recited in claim 1, wherein the first electric field radiator is directly coupled to the magnetic loop at a point where a current flowing through the magnetic loop is substantially at a reflective minimum. 6. The antenna as recited in claim 1, wherein the first electric field radiator is coupled to the magnetic loop via an electrical trace at a point where a current flowing through the magnetic loop is substantially at a reflective minimum. 7. The antenna as recited in claim 1, wherein the second electric field radiator is directly coupled to the magnetic loop at a point where a current flowing through the magnetic loop is substantially at a reflective minimum. 8. The antenna as recited in claim 1, wherein the second electric field radiator is coupled to the magnetic loop via an electrical trace at a point where a current flowing through the magnetic loop is substantially at a reflective minimum. 9. The antenna as recited in claim 1, wherein the first electric field radiator is directly coupled to the magnetic loop at a point where a current flowing through the magnetic loop is substantially at a reflective minimum, and wherein the second electric field radiator is directly coupled to the first electric field radiator at a point where an electrical delay, between a feed point of the first electric field radiator and a feed point of the second electric field radiator, ensures that the first electric field radiator is out of phase with the second electric field radiator. 10. The antenna as recited in claim 1, wherein the first electric field radiator is coupled to the magnetic loop on a first side, and wherein a physical length of the first electric field radiator is less than a physical length of the second electric field radiator, further comprising a substantially rectangular stub directly coupled to a second side of the magnetic loop opposite the first side, the stub tuning an electrical length of the first electric field radiator to match an electrical length of the second electric field radiator. 11. The antenna as recited in claim 1, further comprising one or more delay loops formed on one or more sides of the magnetic loop, the one or more delay loops introducing an electrical delay between the first electric field radiator and the second electric field radiator, wherein the electrical delay ensures that the first electric field is emitted out of phase with the second electric field. 12. The antenna as recited in claim 11, wherein a delay loop from the one or more delay loops is substantially rectangular shaped or substantially smooth curve shaped. 13. The antenna as recited in claim 1, further comprising one or more delay stubs formed on one or more sides of the magnetic loop, the one or more delay stubs being substantially rectangular, wherein the one or more delay stubs introduce an electrical delay between the first electric field radiator and the second electric field radiator ensuring the first electric field is emitted out of phase with the second electric field. 14. The antenna as recited in claim 1, wherein the magnetic loop is substantially rectangular shaped having one or more corners cut at an angle. 15. The antenna as recited in claim 1, wherein the first electric field radiator is oriented vertically and the second electric field radiator is oriented horizontally. 16. A multi-layered, non-linear, polarized, self-contained compound loop antenna, comprising: a magnetic loop located on a first plane and configured to generate a magnetic field;a first electric field radiator located on the first plane and configured to emit at a first frequency a first electric field orthogonal to the magnetic field, the first electric field radiator coupled to the magnetic loop and having a first orientation; anda second electric field radiator located on the first plane and configured to emit a second electric field at a second frequency different from the first frequency, the second electric field radiator coupled to the magnetic loop and having a second orientation orthogonal to the first orientation, the second electric field being orthogonal to the first electric field and to the magnetic field. 17. The antenna as recited in claim 16, further comprising a counterpoise formed on the magnetic loop and having a counterpoise width greater than a loop width of the magnetic loop, the counterpoise positioned at a position selected from the group consisting of opposite the first electric field radiator, opposite the second electric field radiator, and opposite the first electric field radiator and the second electric field radiator. 18. The antenna as recited in claim 17, further comprising a transition formed on the magnetic loop and positioned along the magnetic loop before the counterpoise, the transition having a transition width greater than the loop width and substantially creating a 180 degree phase delay to the counterpoise. 19. The antenna as recited in claim 16, further comprising a balun canceling a common mode current and tuning the antenna to a desired input impedance. 20. The antenna as recited in claim 16, wherein the first electric field radiator is directly coupled to the magnetic loop at a point where a current flowing through the magnetic loop is substantially at a reflective minimum. 21. The antenna as recited in claim 16, wherein the first electric field radiator is coupled to the magnetic loop via an electrical trace at a point where a current flowing through the magnetic loop is substantially at a reflective minimum. 22. The antenna as recited in claim 16, wherein the second electric field radiator is directly coupled to the magnetic loop at a point where a current flowing through the magnetic loop is substantially at a reflective minimum. 23. The antenna as recited in claim 16, wherein the second electric field radiator is coupled to the magnetic loop via an electrical trace at a point where a current flowing through the magnetic loop is substantially at a reflective minimum. 24. The antenna as recited in claim 16, wherein the first electric field radiator is directly coupled to the magnetic loop at a point where a current flowing through the magnetic loop is substantially at a reflective minimum, and wherein the second electric field radiator is directly coupled to the first electric field radiator at a point where an electrical delay between a feed point of the first electric field radiator and a feed point of the second electric field radiator ensures that the first electric field radiator is out of phase with the second electric field radiator. 25. The antenna as recited in claim 16, wherein the first electric field radiator is coupled to the magnetic loop on a first side, and wherein a physical length of the first electric field radiator is less than a physical length of the second electric field radiator, further comprising a substantially rectangular stub directly coupled to a second side of the magnetic loop opposite the first side, the stub tuning an electrical length of the first electric field radiator to substantially match an electrical length of the second electric field radiator. 26. The antenna as recited in claim 16, further comprising one or more delay loops formed on one or more sides of the magnetic loop, the one or more delay loops introducing an electrical delay between the first electric field radiator and the second electric field radiator, wherein the electrical delay ensures that the first electric field is emitted out of phase with the second electric field. 27. The antenna as recited in claim 26, wherein a delay loop from the one or more delay loops is substantially rectangular shaped or substantially smooth curve shaped. 28. The antenna as recited in claim 16, further comprising one or more delay stubs formed on one or more sides of the magnetic loop, the one or more delay stubs being substantially rectangular, wherein the one or more delay stubs introduce an electrical delay between the first electric field radiator and the second electric field radiator ensuring the first electric field is emitted out of phase with the second electric field. 29. The antenna as recited in claim 16, wherein the magnetic loop is substantially rectangular shaped having one or more corners cut at an angle. 30. The antenna as recited in claim 16, wherein the first electric field radiator is oriented vertically and the second electric field radiator is oriented horizontally. 31. The antenna as recited in claim 16, further comprising a patch located on a second plane below the first plane, the patch having a third orientation parallel to the first orientation and orthogonal to the second orientation, the patch configured to emit a third electric field orthogonal to the magnetic field and to the second electric field, the third electric field emitted in phase with the first electric field and out of phase with the second electric field. 32. The antenna as recited in claim 31, further comprising a substantially rectangular portion cut out of the patch to reduce a capacitive coupling between the patch and the second electric field radiator.
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