EREMA ENGINEERING RECYCLING MASCHINEN UND ANLAGEN GESELLSCHAFT M.B.H.
대리인 / 주소
Kilpatrick Townsend & Stockton LLP
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
2인용 특허 :
20
초록▼
Disclosed is an apparatus for the processing of plastics, with a container with a mixing implement rotatable around an axis of rotation, wherein, in a side wall, an aperture is formed, through which the plastics material can be removed, and a conveyor, with a screw rotating in a housing, wherein the
Disclosed is an apparatus for the processing of plastics, with a container with a mixing implement rotatable around an axis of rotation, wherein, in a side wall, an aperture is formed, through which the plastics material can be removed, and a conveyor, with a screw rotating in a housing, wherein the imaginary continuation of the longitudinal axis of the conveyor in a direction opposite to the direction of conveying passes the axis of rotation, and wherein the L/D ratio of the screw is ≧7, and wherein the setting angle (γ) of the radially outermost mixing implement, closest to the base, complies with the following relationship: γ=k*d+K, where d is the diameter of the screw in mm,K is a factor in the range from 15 to 35,k is a factor in the range from 0.08 to 0.2.
대표청구항▼
1. An apparatus for the pretreatment and subsequent conveying, plastification or agglomeration of plastics, in particular of thermoplastics waste for recycling purposes, the apparatus comprising a container (1) for a material to be processed, where the arrangement has, in the container (1), at least
1. An apparatus for the pretreatment and subsequent conveying, plastification or agglomeration of plastics, in particular of thermoplastics waste for recycling purposes, the apparatus comprising a container (1) for a material to be processed, where the arrangement has, in the container (1), at least one mixing and/or comminution implement (3) which rotates around an axis (10) of rotation and which is intended for the mixing, heating and optionally comminution of the plastics material,where the mixing and/or comminution implement (3) comprises implements and/or blades (14), which with their frontal edges (22), in the direction (12) of rotation or movement, have a mixing, comminuting, cutting and/or heating effect on the plastics material,where an aperture (8) through which the pretreated plastics material can be removed from the interior of the container (1) is formed in a side wall (9) of the container (1) in the region of the level of the, or of the lowest, mixing and/or comminution implement (3) that is closest to a base,where at least one conveyor (5), is provided to receive the pretreated material, and has at least one screw (6) which rotates in a housing (16) and which in particular has a plastifying or agglomerating action, where the housing (16) has, located at its end (7) or in its jacket wall, an intake aperture (80) for the material to be received by the screw (6), and there is connection between the intake aperture (80) and the aperture (8),whereinan imaginary continuation of the central longitudinal axis (15) of conveyor (5) or of the screw (6) closest to the intake aperture (80), in a direction opposite to the direction (17) of conveying of the conveyor (5), passes, and does not intersect, the axis (10) of rotation, there being, on the outflow side or downstream in the direction (12) of rotation or of movement of the mixing and/or comminution implement (3), an offset distance (18) between the longitudinal axis (15) of the conveyor (5) or of the screw (6) closest to the intake aperture (80), and the radius (11) of the container (1) that is parallel to the longitudinal axis (15) and that proceeds outwards from the axis (10) of rotation of the mixing and/or comminution implement (3) in the direction (17) of conveying of the conveyor (5),and wherein a setting angle (γ) measured in degrees, of the radially outermost mixing and/or comminution implement (3), closest to the base, or of the radially outermost implement and/or blade (14) complies with the following relationship: γ=k*d+K, where d is the diameter of the screw (6) in mm,K is a factor in the range from 15 to 35,k is a factor in the range from 0.08 to 0.2,where the setting angle (γ) is measured at the radially outermost point (23) of the mixing and/or comminution implement (3), closest to the base, or of the implement and/or blade (14), that is, between the continuation (24) of the, in particular straight, frontal edge (22) and the radius (11) running through the point (23),and wherein a ratio of a length (L) of the screw (6), measured from an edge (20′) situated downstream in the direction of conveying of the screw (6), or from a point (20) of the intake aperture (80), situated furthest downstream, to the end of the screw (6) or to the first discharge aperture (30) in the housing (16) for the melt situated furthest upstream in relation to the direction of conveying of the screw (6) at the distal end (31) of the screw (6) remote from the container, to the nominal diameter (d) of the screw (6) is ≧7. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the setting angle γ lies in the range from 20° to 60°. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the setting angle (γ) measured in degrees complies with the following relationship: γ=k1*DB+K1,whereDB is the internal diameter in mm of the cylindrical cutter compactor or container (1) with circular cross section or the internal diameter in mm of an imaginary cylindrical container (1) with circular cross section which is of the same height and is calculated to have the same volume capacity,K1 is a factor in the range from 12 to 40,k1 is a factor in the range from 0.005 to 0.015. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the setting angle (γ) for containers (1) having a diameter (DB) smaller than 750 mm lies in the range from 20° to 35°. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the setting angle (γ) for containers (1) having a diameter (DB) of 750 mm to 1300 mm lies in the range from 28° to 47°. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the setting angle (γ) for containers (1) having a diameter (DB) greater than 1300 mm lies in the range from 35° to 55°. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a radial distance of the implement (mb), measured from the radially outermost point (23) of the mixing and/or comminution implement (3), closest to the base, or implements and/or blades (14) provided there, or from the described circle defined by this point (23), as far as the inner surface of the side wall (9) of the container (1), complies with the following relationship: mb=k3*DB,whereDB is the internal diameter in mm of a cylindrical container (1) with circular cross section or the internal diameter in mm of an imaginary cylindrical container with circular cross section which is of the same height and is calculated to have the same volume capacity, andk3 is a constant in the range from 0.006 to 0.16,where the radial distance of the implement (mb) preferably lies in the range from 15 mm to 120 mm. 8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein with a setting angle (γ) in the range from 20° to 33° the minimum radial distance of the implement (mb) lies in the range from 15 mm to 20 mm and/or wherein with a setting angle (γ) in the range from 45° to 60° the minimum radial distance of the implement (mb) is greater than or equal to 35 mm. 9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a smallest possible distance (ms) between the implement (3) and the screw (6) is described by the following relationship: ms≦k2*d+K2,whered is the diameter of the screw (6) in mm,K2 is a factor in the range from 20 to 100,k2 is a factor in the range from 0.03 to 0.4,where the distance (ms) is measured between the radially outermost point (23) of the lowermost mixing and/or comminution implement (3), closest to the base, or implements and/or blades (14) provided there, and a point located on the envelope of the screw (6) closest to the intake aperture (80), that is, along a radius (11) that issues from the axis (10) of rotation and passes through the aperture (8) and the intake aperture (80), where the distance (ms) lies in the range from 15 mm to 150 mm. 10. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein on the same horizontal plane there is provided at least one, further implements or blades (14) situated further inwards radially, where the setting angle of each implement or blade (14), measured at their respective radially outermost points, between the continuation (24) of their, in particular straight, frontal edges (22) and the radius (11) running though this point is in each case smaller than the setting angle of the adjacent implement or blade (14) situated further outwards, where the setting angle of the implement or blade (14) located furthest inside radially lies in the range from 0° to 30°. 11. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, for a conveyor (5) in contact with the container (1), a scalar product of the direction vector that is associated with the direction (19) of rotation and that is tangential to the circle described by the radially outermost point of the mixing and/or comminution implement (3) or that is tangential to the plastics material transported past the aperture (8) and that is normal to a radius (11) of the container (1) and that points in the direction (12) of rotation or of movement of the mixing and/or comminution implement (3) and of the direction vector (17) that is associated with the direction of conveying of the conveyor (5) at each individual point or in the entire region of the aperture (8) or immediately radially in front of the aperture (8) is zero or negative. 12. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an angle (α) included between the direction vector that is associated with the direction (19) of rotation of the radially outermost point of the mixing and/or comminution implement (3) and the direction vector (17) that is associated with the direction of conveying of the conveyor (5) is greater than or equal to 90° and smaller than or equal to 180°, measured at the point of intersection of the two direction vectors (17, 19) at the inflow-side edge (20′) that is associated with the aperture (8) and that is situated upstream in relation to the direction (12) of rotation or of movement of the mixing and/or comminution implement (3). 13. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an (β) included between the direction vector (19) that is associated with the direction (12) of rotation or of movement and the direction vector (17) that is associated with the direction of conveying of the conveyor (5) is from 170° to 180°, measured at the point of intersection of the two direction vectors (17, 19) in the middle of the aperture (8). 14. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a distance (18) is greater than or equal to half of the internal diameter of the housing (16) of the conveyor (5) or of the screw (6), and/or greater than or equal to 7% of the radius of the container (1), or wherein the distance (18) is greater than or equal to the radius of the container (1). 15. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the imaginary continuation of the longitudinal axis (15) of the conveyor (5) in a direction opposite to the direction of conveying is arranged in the manner of a secant in relation to the cross section of the container (1), and, at least in sections, passes through the space within the container (1). 16. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the conveyor (5) is attached tangentially to the container (1) or runs tangentially in relation to the cross section of the container (1), or wherein the longitudinal axis (15) of the conveyor (5) or of the screw (6) or the longitudinal axis of the screw (6) closest to the intake aperture (80) runs tangentially with respect to the inner side of the side wall (9) of the container (1), or the inner wall of the housing (16) does so, or the envelope of the screw (6) does so, where a drive is connected to the end (7) of the screw (6), and that the screw provides conveying, at its opposite end, to a discharge aperture, in particular an extruder head, arranged at the end of the housing (16). 17. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein there is immediate and direct connection between the aperture (8) and the intake aperture (80), without substantial separation, in particular without transfer section or conveying screw. 18. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the mixing and/or comminution implement (3) comprises implements and/or blades (14) which, in the direction (12) of rotation or of movement, have a comminuting, cutting and heating effect on the plastics material, where the implements and/or blades (14) are arranged or formed on or at a rotatable implement carrier (13) which is in particular a carrier disc (13) and which is arranged parallel to a basal surface (2). 19. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the manner of formation, set-up, curvature and/or arrangement of the frontal regions or frontal edges (22) that are associated with the mixing and/or comminution implements (3) or with the blades (14), act on the plastics material and point in the direction (12) of rotation or of movement differs when comparison is made with the regions that, in the direction (12) of rotation or of movement, are at the rear or behind. 20. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the container (1) is in essence cylindrical with circular cross section and with a level basal surface (2) and with, orientated vertically in relation thereto, a side wall (9) which has the shape of the jacket of a cylinder, and/or the axis (10) of rotation of the mixing and/or comminution implements (3) coincides with the central axis of the container (1), and/or the axis (10) of rotation or the central axis are orientated vertically and/or normally in relation to the basal surface (2). 21. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the lowest implement carrier (13) or the lowest of the mixing and/or comminution implements (3) and/or the aperture (8) are arranged close to the base at a small distance from the basal surface (2), in particular in the region of the lowest quarter of the height of the container (1), wherein the small distance is preferably at a distance of from 10 mm to 400 mm from the basal surface (2). 22. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the conveyor (5) is a single-screw extruder (6) with a single compression screw (6), or is a twin- or multiscrew extruder, where the diameters d of the individual screws (6) are all identical. 23. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the length (L) of the screw (6), measured from the edge (20′) situated downstream in the direction of conveying of the screw (6), or from the point (20) of the intake aperture (80), situated furthest downstream, to the end of the screw (6) or to the first discharge aperture (30) in the housing (16) for the melt situated furthest upstream in relation to the direction of conveying of the screw (6) at the distal end (31) of the screw (6) remote from the container, to the nominal diameter (d) of the screw (6) is ≧10. 24. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one conveyor is at least one extruder. 25. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the setting angle γ lies in the range from 30° to 50°. 26. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the radial distance of the implement (mb) lies in the range from 20 mm to 80 mm. 27. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein K2 is the factor in the range from 20 to 80. 28. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein k2 is the factor in the range from 0.04 to 0.25. 29. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the angle (α) is measured at the point (20) that is on the said edge or on the aperture (8) and is situated furthest upstream. 30. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the distance (18) is greater than or equal to half of the internal diameter of the housing (16) of the conveyor (5) or of the screw (6), and/or greater than or equal to 20%, of the radius of the container (1), or wherein the distance (18) is greater than or equal to the radius of the container (1).
Bacher, Helmut; Schulz, Helmuth; Wendelin, Georg, Apparatus for pre-treatment and subsequent plastification or agglomeration of synthetic plastic materials.
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