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An apparatus for transporting materials including an electrically conductive substrate and a protective liner being in contact with the transported materials. The protective liner includes an electrically non-conductive first layer coupled to the substrate, and an electrically conductive second laye

An apparatus for transporting materials including an electrically conductive substrate and a protective liner being in contact with the transported materials. The protective liner includes an electrically non-conductive first layer coupled to the substrate, and an electrically conductive second layer coupled to the first layer. The first layer electrically insulates the second layer from the substrate. A monitoring device is connected to the substrate and the second layer, and configured to detect an electrical connection between the substrate and the second layer indicative of wear of the protective liner. The apparatus can be in a form of a pipe, hose, elbow, valve or tank, and may be used to transport abrasive materials.

대표청구항 ▼

1. A method, comprising: providing an electrically conductive substrate;applying a protective liner to the substrate, the protective liner including an electrically non-conductive first layer coupled to the substrate, and an electrically conductive second layer coupled to the first layer, wherein th

1. A method, comprising: providing an electrically conductive substrate;applying a protective liner to the substrate, the protective liner including an electrically non-conductive first layer coupled to the substrate, and an electrically conductive second layer coupled to the first layer, wherein the first layer electrically insulates the second layer from the substrate, and wherein the first and second layers each is formed of an abrasion resistant, rubber material;flowing materials over the second layer; andmonitoring the protective liner to detect an electrical connection between the substrate and the second layer indicative of wear of the protective liner,wherein the protective liner comprises a third layer coupled to the second layer, and the third layer is formed of an abrasion resistant, rubber material, andfurther comprising, prior to the step of applying, preparing the protective liner by calendaring the first, second and third layers to form the protective liner. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising, prior to the step of applying, carrying out a surface preparation technique to the substrate to improve bonding of the protective liner to the substrate. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising, prior to the step of applying, using a solvent to prepare at least one of the first layer and the substrate to improve bonding of the protective liner to the substrate. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising, in the step of applying, using an adhesive to bond the protective liner to the substrate. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising, in the step of applying, curing the protective liner to change the protective liner from a natural state to a vulcanized state. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising monitoring at least one of temperature and flow rate of the materials. 7. A method, comprising: providing an electrically conductive substrate;applying a protective liner to the substrate, the protective liner including an electrically non-conductive first layer coupled to the substrate, and an electrically conductive second layer coupled to the first layer, wherein the first layer electrically insulates the second layer from the substrate, and wherein the first and second layers each is formed of an abrasion resistant, rubber material;flowing materials over the second layer;monitoring the protective liner to detect an electrical connection between the substrate and the second layer indicative of wear of the protective liner; andin the step of applying, curing the protective liner to change the protective liner from a natural state to a vulcanized state. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the protective liner comprises a third layer coupled to the second layer, and the third layer is formed of an abrasion resistant, rubber material. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising, prior to the step of applying, preparing the protective liner by calendaring the first, second and third layers to form the protective liner. 10. The method of claim 7, further comprising, prior to the step of applying, carrying out a surface preparation technique to the substrate to improve bonding of the protective liner to the substrate. 11. The method of claim 7, further comprising, prior to the step of applying, using a solvent to prepare at least one of the first layer and the substrate to improve bonding of the protective liner to the substrate. 12. The method of claim 7, further comprising, in the step of applying, using an adhesive to bond the protective liner to the substrate. 13. The method of claim 7, further comprising monitoring at least one of temperature and flow rate of the materials.