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Medical systems, devices and apparatuses for the efficient provision of directed illumination to a subdermal surgical field that is attachable to or completely forms a surgical retractor blade. Medical systems, devices and apparatuses for illuminating tissues and surgical work spaces within the body

Medical systems, devices and apparatuses for the efficient provision of directed illumination to a subdermal surgical field that is attachable to or completely forms a surgical retractor blade. Medical systems, devices and apparatuses for illuminating tissues and surgical work spaces within the body during surgery, especially during minimally invasive surgery.

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1. A medical system for illuminating a surgical field, said system comprising: a light guide for illuminating the surgical field, the light guide having an axis and comprising a proximal end, a distal end, a rear surface and a light emitting front surface for directing light to the surgical field at

1. A medical system for illuminating a surgical field, said system comprising: a light guide for illuminating the surgical field, the light guide having an axis and comprising a proximal end, a distal end, a rear surface and a light emitting front surface for directing light to the surgical field at an angle transverse to the axis,wherein the front surface and the rear surface span a length of the light guide from the proximal end to the distal end,wherein the light emitting front surface comprises a plurality of facets, the plurality of facets forming a plurality of stair steps, each stair step having a riser surface and a step surface, wherein an angle is formed therebetween, andwherein the riser surface refracts light emitted therefrom,wherein the step surface step surface promotes total internal reflection of the light, andwherein the angle in a first stair step is different from the angle in a second stair step. 2. The medical system of claim 1, wherein the angle between the riser surface and the step surface depends on one or more of a position of the facet on the light guide, a material of the light guide, and a geometry of the illuminated surgical field. 3. The medical system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the riser surface or step surface is concave, flat, or convex. 4. The medical system of claim 1, wherein the angle between the riser surface and the step surface is selected to generate uniform illumination for the surgical field. 5. The medical system of claim 1, wherein the riser surface comprises a microstructure for shaping the light exiting the riser surface. 6. The medical system of claim 1, wherein the facets of the plurality are 25 to 500 microns deep. 7. The medical system of claim 1, wherein the facets of the plurality are spaced irregularly or aperiodically. 8. The medical system of claim 1, wherein the at least one light emitting surface is 10 to 30 mm long. 9. The medical system of claim 1, wherein the at least one light emitting surface is 10 to 30 mm wide. 10. The medical system of claim 1, wherein the light emitted from the first stair step illuminates a first portion of the surgical field, and the light emitted from the second stair step illuminates a second portion of the surgical field different than the first portion. 11. A medical system for illuminating a surgical field, the system comprising: a light guide for illuminating a surgical field, the light guide having an axis and comprising at least one light emitting surface, the at least one light emitting surface comprising an illumination zone for directing light to the surgical field at an angle transverse to the axis,wherein the light guide has a cross-section with a width and a thickness, the thickness continuously decreasing from a proximal end of the light guide to a distal portion of the illumination zone, thereby forming a low profile light guide for disposition in the surgical field,wherein the width continuously increases from the proximal end of the light guide to the distal portion of the illumination zone, thereby improving an ability of the light guide to generate a wider beam of illumination in the surgical field, andwherein the proximal end of the light guide receives the light. 12. The medical system of claim 11, wherein the at least one light emitting surface comprises a first facet and a second facet different than the first facet. 13. The medical system of claim 12, wherein one or more of the riser surface or step surface of the first or second facet is concave, flat, or convex. 14. The medical system of claim 11, wherein each of the first and second facets comprises a stair step comprising a riser surface for emitting light, a step surface, and an angle therebetween. 15. The medical system of claim 14, wherein the angle between the riser surface and the step surface for the first facet is different than the angle between the riser surface and the step surface of the second facet.