Crosslinked proteins, proteins and polymers, and polymers and methods of making the same are disclosed. In one illustrative embodiment, a method is provided comprising the steps of attaching a chelator to one or more polymers; creating a coordination complex between the first protein, the second pro
Crosslinked proteins, proteins and polymers, and polymers and methods of making the same are disclosed. In one illustrative embodiment, a method is provided comprising the steps of attaching a chelator to one or more polymers; creating a coordination complex between the first protein, the second protein, and a metal ion; and crosslinking the first and second proteins by exposing the coordination complex to an oxidant.
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1. A method of crosslinking a first and a second moiety comprising the steps of: providing a first moiety having a covalently attached first metal ligand and at least one phenolic group or phenolic derivative thereof;providing a second moiety comprising fluorescien or fluorescien-containing derivati
1. A method of crosslinking a first and a second moiety comprising the steps of: providing a first moiety having a covalently attached first metal ligand and at least one phenolic group or phenolic derivative thereof;providing a second moiety comprising fluorescien or fluorescien-containing derivative thereof having a covalently attached second metal ligand to the second moiety and at least one phenolic group or phenolic derivative thereof;adding a coordinating metal ion to a reaction mixture containing the first moiety and the second moiety, thereby forming a metal coordination complex between the metal ion and each of the first and the second metal ligands, wherein the coordination complex provides said phenolic groups and/or phenolic derivatives thereof of the first and second moieties at a distance sufficient for crosslinking there between; andexposing the metal coordination complex to an oxidizing agent, thereby covalently crosslinking the first moiety to the second moiety by the phenolic groups and/or the phenolic derivatives thereof. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal coordination complex activates the oxidizing agent. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxidizing agent is activated by a metalloenzyme. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the metalloenzyme is selected from the group consisting of a peroxidase, a tyrosinase, a laccase, and a catechol oxidase. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the peroxidase is horseradish peroxidase. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxidizing agent is generated electrochemically at a surface of an electrode. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the phenolic groups or phenolic derivatives are each selected from the group consisting of tyrosine, dihydroxyphenylalanine, and polyphenolic compounds. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the second moiety comprises at least one phenolic group positioned such that in the metal coordination complex the phenolic group is located between 1 and 100 angstroms from the metal ion. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first moiety comprises at least one phenolic group positioned such that in the metal coordination complex the phenolic group is located between 1 and 100 angstroms from the metal ion. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the phenolic group is a tyrosine residue located on the first moeity. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the phenolic group is a tyrosine residue located within the metal ligand on the first moiety and positioned such that in the metal coordination complex the tyrosine is located between the metal ion and a first polymer. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the covalent crosslink is dityrosine and isomers thereof. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the first moiety is a first synthetic polymer moiety covalently attached to said first metal ligand and to said phenolic group or phenolic derivative thereof; and/or the second moiety is a second synthetic polymer moiety covalently attached to said second metal ligand and to said phenolic group or phenolic derivative thereof; and wherein the synthetic polymer in the first and/or second moiety is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyesters, and polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol block copolymers. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the first moiety is a polymer. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein one of the first and second moieties further comprises an attachment to a solid surface. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the solid surface is selected from the group consisting of a polymer, a metal, a ceramic, a composite, a biopolymer, a bioceramic, and a colloidal particle. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the solid surface is a metal surface and which surface is further coated with a polymer, said polymer attaching said metal surface to said first or second moiety. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the solid surface is a colloidal particle and the colloidal particle is composed of a material selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, silica, semiconductors, fluorescent semiconductors, polystyrene, polymeric micelles, dendrimers, liposomes, and viruses. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the surface is a colloidal gold particle and the colloidal particle has a diameter of from 1 nm to 100 μm. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein both the first and second moieties are solid surface attached moieties. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the solid surfaces of the first and second solid surface attached moieties are different solid surfaces and wherein the crosslinking adheres the different solid surfaces therethrough. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein each of the solid surfaces are biological tissues. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein each of the solid surfaces are independently selected from the group consisting of polymers, metals, ceramics, composites, biopolymers, bioceramics, colloidal particles, and combinations thereof. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein at least one of the solid surfaces is a colloidal particle, and the colloidal particle is composed of a material selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, silica, semiconductors, fluorescent semiconductors, polystyrene, polymeric micelles, dendrimers, liposomes, and viruses. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the colloidal particle has a diameter from 1 nm to 100 μm. 26. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first moiety and the second moiety is biodegradable. 27. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first moiety and the second moiety further comprises a therapeutic agent. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the therapeutic agent is a protein. 29. The method of claim 1, wherein the first moiety is a His-Tyr tag (HY-tag). 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the first moiety contains a plurality of tyrosine residues interdispersed throughout HY-tag. 31. The method of claim 29, wherein the HY-tag comprises a plurality of histidine residues. 32. The method of claim 1, wherein the coordinating metal ion is selected from the group consisting of nickel, copper, cobalt, gadolinium, iron, osmium, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, samarium, selenium, silver, strontium, tantalum, thulium, tin, tungsten, vanadium, yttrium, and zinc.
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이 특허에 인용된 특허 (2)
Lundstrom Norman H. ; Begin Laurence C., Gas generants comprising transition metal nitrite complexes.
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