A distributed bleed system temperature management scheme utilizes a distributed, closed loop temperature protection function. By allowing consumer systems to limit the consumer flow to meet a specified bleed system outlet temperature (which may be different for each consumer or group of consumers),
A distributed bleed system temperature management scheme utilizes a distributed, closed loop temperature protection function. By allowing consumer systems to limit the consumer flow to meet a specified bleed system outlet temperature (which may be different for each consumer or group of consumers), each system can be penalized according to their level of importance. The closed loop approach allows optimization of the performance reduction instead of relying on conservative assumptions as is done with conventional systems. In some embodiments, each consumer system may have a different temperature limit at which the consumed flow is limited to maintain a given bleed system exit temperature. The temperature setpoints may be separated by a minimum temperature, based on sensor and controls tolerances, to ensure that the flow limiting functions do not interact with each other.
대표청구항▼
1. A distributed bleed air temperature management system for protecting consumer systems from over-temperature of bleed air, the system comprising: a heat exchanger for cooling bleed air passing through the heat exchanger to a desired output temperature;a valve controlling a flow of cooling air thro
1. A distributed bleed air temperature management system for protecting consumer systems from over-temperature of bleed air, the system comprising: a heat exchanger for cooling bleed air passing through the heat exchanger to a desired output temperature;a valve controlling a flow of cooling air through the heat exchanger, cooling bleed air responsive to a desired output temperature;a temperature sensor, directly downstream of, and adapted to measure a temperature of a flow of bleed air emerging from, the temperature-regulating heat exchanger;a plurality of lines, all of which are parallel to one another and directly connected downstream to the temperature sensor, each of the plurality of lines adapted to deliver a respective portion of the flow of bleed air to a corresponding one of a plurality of consumer systems;a plurality of flow sensors directly downstream of the temperature sensor, a respective flow sensor being in each of a corresponding line of the plurality of lines;a plurality of load control valves, a respective load control valve being downstream of the heat exchanger, being directly downstream of each of a corresponding flow sensor of the plurality of flow sensors, and being adapted to change flow amount and flow time of a corresponding one of the portions of bleed air to a corresponding one of the plurality of consumer systems in the event that the heat exchanger fails to cool bleed air to a temperature at least as low as the desired output temperature and in the event that temperature of bleed air emerging from the heat exchanger, as measured by the temperature sensor, exceeds a temperature set point of one or more of the load control valves;wherein one or more of the load control valves of consumer systems includes a respective first temperature setpoint that is substantially equal to the desired output temperature of the heat exchanger and said first temperature setpoint exceeds said desired output temperature of the heat exchanger by an amount that is no greater than a separation constant:wherein one or more of the load control valves have temperature set points that are higher than the first temperature set point;wherein each respective temperature setpoint is based on an importance of each consumer system relative to the other consumer systems so that, when temperature of bleed air emerging from the heat exchanger, as measured by the temperature sensor, exceeds a temperature set point of any one of the load control valves, bleed air flow through the heat exchanger is reduced resulting in a reduction of the temperature of the bleed air reaching the load control valves and the most important ones of the consumer systems experience the least reduction of bleed air one of:flow amount; flow time; orflow amount and flow time. 2. The distributed bleed air temperature management system of claim 1, wherein the reduction of the portion of bleed air to a first one of the consumer systems is proportional to an amount by which a first temperature setpoint is exceeded by the temperature of the flow of bleed air. 3. The distributed bleed air temperature-management system of claim 2, wherein the reduction of the portion of flow of bleed air to a second one of the consumer systems is proportional to an amount by which a second temperature setpoint is exceeded by the temperature of the flow of bleed air emerging from the heat exchanger, wherein the second temperature setpoint is offset from the first temperature setpoint by at least a predetermined separation constant. 4. The distributed bleed air temperature management system of claim 3, wherein the consumer system that is most important has the highest temperature setpoint thus ensuring that the performance of the highest priority consumer system is impacted last. 5. The distributed bleed air temperature management system of claim 1, further comprising a flow control limit for each of the consumer systems. 6. A method for controlling bleed air flow to a plurality of consumer systems to protect the consumer systems from over-temperature of bleed air emerging from a temperature-regulating heat exchanger comprising: cooling bleed air in the heat exchanger with a flow of cooling air, said flow of cooling air being controlled responsively to a desired output temperature of bleed air emerging from the heat exchanger;measuring a temperature of bleed air flow with a temperature sensor to determine a temperature of the bleed air flow at an output of the temperature-regulating heat exchanger;reducing bleed air flow through the heat exchanger if measured temperature of the bleed air exceeds the desired bleed air output temperature by performing the steps; splitting the flow of bleed air exiting the temperature sensor into a plurality of portions of bleed air so that each portion is delivered to one of the consumer systems;altering, by the use of a plurality of respective flow sensors directly downstream of the temperature sensor and a plurality of respective control valves downstream of the heat exchanger and directly upstream of a respective consumer system, a respective time of flow of corresponding ones of the portions of bleed air to the corresponding consumer systems;wherein the respective control valves are operated responsively to temperature set points for the respective control valves,wherein a temperature setpoint for at least one of the control valves is substantially equal to the desired bleed air output temperature;wherein temperature setpoints for one or more of the control valves is higher than the desired bleed air output temperature; andwherein the respective times of flow are based on a need of each consumer system so that the most needy ones of the consumer systems experience the least reduction of flow time while bleed air output temperature, as measured by the temperature sensor, exceeds a desired bleed air output temperature of the bleed air. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein a temperature setpoint is set the highest for the most important one of the plurality of consumers systems. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein values of temperature setpoints are associated with the consumer systems and are different from one another by at least a separation constant. 9. A method for controlling portions of a flow of bleed air to a plurality of respective consumer systems, comprising: passing the bleed air through a heat exchanger at a controlled flow rate, the flow rate being controlled downstream of the heat exchanger;passing cooling air through the heat exchanger to cool the bleed air to a desired output temperature;measuring output temperature of bleed air emerging from the heat exchanger with a temperature sensor;arranging a respective control valve immediately upstream of each respective consumer system;arranging a respective flow sensor immediately upstream of each respective control valve;wherein each respective flow sensor, control valve and consumer system operate in parallel with the other respective flow sensors, control valves, and consumer systems;assigning a respective temperature setpoint to each of the plurality of consumer systems;wherein at least one of the setpoints is substantially equal to desired output temperature of bleed air emerging from the heat exchanger;wherein one or more of the setpoints is higher than the desired output temperature of bleed air emerging from the heat exchanger;wherein the respective temperature setpoints are based on one of consumer importance and consumer need of the respective consumer systems;in the event that the heat exchanger fails to cool bleed air to a temperature at least as low as the desired output temperature and in the event that temperature of bleed air emerging from the heat exchanger, as measured by the temperature sensor, exceeds a temperature set point for one or more of the load control valves, initiating one of: altering a respective amount of time that a respective portion of bleed air is delivered to one or more of the plurality of consumer systems;altering a respective amount of the portion of bleed air flow delivered to one or more of the plurality of consumer systems;wherein, said steps result in a reduction of bleed air flow through the heat exchanger and a reduction of the temperature of bleed air reaching the control valves of the consumer systems. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the temperature setpoint is set the highest for the most important one of the plurality of consumer systems. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein values of the temperature setpoints of the plurality of consumer systems are different from each other by at least a separation constant. 12. The method of claim 9, further comprising measuring flow of bleed air delivered to each of the plurality of consumer systems.
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이 특허에 인용된 특허 (11)
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