A braking system for an electric vehicle has a first wheel having a first friction brake and an electric motor and a second having a second friction brake. A first user-actuated brake lever is coupled to the first friction brake. The first brake lever has a first sensor indicating actuation of the f
A braking system for an electric vehicle has a first wheel having a first friction brake and an electric motor and a second having a second friction brake. A first user-actuated brake lever is coupled to the first friction brake. The first brake lever has a first sensor indicating actuation of the first brake lever. A second user-actuated brake lever is coupled to the second friction brake. The second brake lever has a second sensor indicating actuation of the second brake lever. An electronic control unit electronically coupled to the first and second sensors and the electric motor commands the electric motor to operate as a generator when at least one of the brake levers is actuated.
대표청구항▼
1. A braking system for an electric vehicle, comprising: a first wheel coupled to the electric vehicle, the first wheel having a first friction brake and an electric motor;a second wheel coupled to the electric vehicle, the second wheel having a second friction brake;a first user-actuated brake leve
1. A braking system for an electric vehicle, comprising: a first wheel coupled to the electric vehicle, the first wheel having a first friction brake and an electric motor;a second wheel coupled to the electric vehicle, the second wheel having a second friction brake;a first user-actuated brake lever coupled to the first friction brake, the first user-actuated brake lever having a first sensor indicating actuation of the first user-actuated brake lever;a second user-actuated brake lever coupled to the second friction brake, the second user-actuated brake lever having a second sensor indicating actuation of the second user-actuated brake lever; andan electronic control unit electronically coupled to the first and second sensors and the electric motor;a hydraulic pressure sensor for use in conjunction with at least one of the first sensor and the second sensor, wherein the hydraulic pressure sensor, based on an amount of hydraulic pressure in a hydraulic line of at least one of the first friction brake and the second friction brake, being indicative of a desire for a braking torque;wherein the first sensor is a switch indicating whether the first user-actuated brake lever is actuated and the electronic control unit commands the motor to generate electricity up to a first fraction of a maximum regeneration capacity of the motor when the first user-actuated brake lever is actuated and the second user-actuated brake lever is unactuated;wherein the second sensor is a switch indicating whether the second user-actuated brake lever is actuated and the electronic control unit commands the motor to generate electricity up to a second fraction of the maximum regeneration capacity of the motor when the second user-actuated brake lever is actuated and the first user-actuated brake lever is unactuated;wherein the electronic control unit commands the motor to generate electricity at a third fraction of the maximum regeneration capacity of the motor when both the first and second user- actuated brake levers are actuated, the third fraction is greater than the first fraction, and the third fraction is greater than the second fraction;wherein a total braking torque is determined as a sum of a friction braking torque and a regenerative braking torque, the friction braking torque is generated by at least one of following: the first friction brake and the second friction brake, the regenerative braking torque is determined by a maximum available regenerative braking torque limited by at least one of the following: the first fraction, the second fraction, and the third fraction of the maximum regeneration capacity of the motor, wherein upon attaining the maximum available regenerative braking torque, at least one of the first friction brake and the second friction brake is actuated, wherein the braking torque increases monotonically until a maximum possible regenerative braking torque. 2. The braking system of claim 1 wherein the electronic control unit causes the electric motor to generate electricity based on a signal from at least one of the first and second sensors indicating that at least one of the first and second user-actuated brake levers has been actuated. 3. The braking system of claim 1, further comprising: a first spring biasing the first user-actuated brake lever to an unactuated position; anda second spring biasing the second user-actuated brake lever to an unactuated position wherein the first sensor is a two-position switch with a first position indicating that the first user-actuated brake lever is in the unactuated position and a second position indicating that the first user-actuated brake lever is being actuated. 4. The braking system of claim 1 wherein the first sensor provides a first signal indicating travel of the first user-actuated brake lever and the second sensor provides a second signal indicating travel of the second brake lever. 5. The braking system of claim 4 wherein the electronic control unit commands the electric motor to generate electricity in an amount which increases monotonically based on the first and second signals. 6. The braking system of claim 1 wherein the second sensor provides a signal indicating travel of the second user-actuated brake lever and the electronic control unit commands the electric motor to generate electricity in an amount which increases monotonically based on the signal. 7. The brake system of claim 1 wherein the first user-actuated brake lever has: an unactuated position;a lower actuation range in which the electronic control unit commands the electric motor to generate electricity and the first friction brake is unactuated; anda higher actuation range in which the electronic control unit commands the electric motor to generate electricity and the first friction brake is actuated. 8. The system of claim 1 wherein the electric motor coupled to the first wheel is a first electric motor, the system further comprising: a second electric motor mechanically coupled to the second wheel and electronically coupled to the electronic control unit, the electronic control unit commanding the first and second electric motors to operate as generators when at least one of the first and second user-actuated brake levers is actuated. 9. The system of claim 1 wherein the motor coupled to the first wheel is a first electric motor, the system further comprising: a second electric motor mechanically coupled to the second wheel and electronically coupled to the electronic control unit, the electronic control unit commanding the first electric motor to operate as a generator when the first user-actuated brake lever is actuated and commanding the second electric motor to operate as a generator when the second user-actuated brake lever is actuated. 10. The system of claim 9 wherein the first and second sensors indicate a travel of the first and second user-actuated brake levers, respectively, and a braking torque commanded to the first electric motor is based on travel of the first user-actuated brake lever and a braking torque commanded to the second electric motor is based on travel of the second user-actuated brake lever. 11. A braking system, comprising: a first wheel;a first friction brake coupled to the first wheel;a second wheel;a second friction brake coupled to the second wheel;an electric motor coupled to the first wheel;an electronic control unit electronically coupled to the electric motor;a first user-operated brake input device coupled to the first friction brake;a first sensor coupled to the first user-operated brake input device and electronically coupled to the electronic control unit;a second user-operated brake input device coupled to the second friction brake; anda second sensor coupled to the second user-operated brake input device and electronically coupled to the electronic control unit, wherein the electronic control unit commands the electric motor to operate as a generator when at least one of the first and second user-operated brake input devices is actuated;a hydraulic pressure sensor for use in conjunction with at least one of the first sensor and the second sensor, wherein the hydraulic pressure sensor, based on an amount of hydraulic pressure in a hydraulic line of at least one of the first friction brake and the second friction brake, being indicative of a desire for a braking torque;wherein the first sensor is a switch indicating whether the first brake input device is actuated and the electronic control unit commands the motor to generate electricity up to a first fraction of a maximum regeneration capacity of the motor when the first brake input device is actuated and the second brake input device is unactuated;wherein the second sensor is a switch indicating whether the second brake input device is actuated and the electronic control unit commands the motor to generate electricity up to a second fraction of the maximum regeneration capacity of the motor when the second brake input device is actuated and the first brake input device is unactuated;wherein the electronic control unit commands the motor to generate electricity at a third fraction of the maximum regeneration capacity of the motor when both the first and second brake input devices are actuated, the third fraction is greater than the first fraction, and the third fraction is greater than the second fraction;wherein a total braking torque is determined as a sum of a friction braking torque and a regenerative braking torque, the friction braking torque is generated by at least one of following: the first friction brake and the second friction brake, the regenerative braking torque is determined by a maximum available regenerative braking torque limited by at least one of the following: the first fraction, the second fraction, and the third fraction of the maximum regeneration capacity of the motor, wherein upon attaining the maximum available regenerative braking torque, at least one of the first friction brake and the second friction brake is actuated, wherein the braking torque increases monotonically until a maximum possible regenerative braking torque. 12. The system of claim 11 wherein: the first user-operated brake input device is mechanically coupled to the first friction brake via at least one of a cable and a hydraulic line;the second user-operated brake input device is mechanically coupled to the second friction brake via at least one of a cable and a hydraulic line;the first user-operated brake input device is one of a hand lever and a foot pedal; andthe second user-operated brake input device is one of a hand lever and a foot pedal. 13. The system of claim 11 wherein the first and second sensors are comprised of one of linear position sensors, rotary position sensors, and angular position sensors. 14. The system of claim 11 wherein the first sensor provides a first signal indicating travel of the first user-operated brake input device and the second sensor provides a second signal indicating travel of the second user operated brake input device. 15. The system of claim 14 wherein the electronic control unit commands the electric motor to generate an amount of electricity based on the first and second signals. 16. A method to brake an electric vehicle based on a vehicle operator's input, the electric vehicle having an electric generator coupled to a first wheel of the electric vehicle, the method comprising: determining actuation of a first brake lever based on a first sensor coupled to the first brake lever, the first brake lever being coupled to a brake provided on the first wheel;determining actuation of a second brake lever based on a second sensor coupled to the second brake lever, the second brake lever being coupled to a brake provided on a second wheel of the vehicle;wherein a hydraulic pressure sensor for use in conjunction with at least one of the first sensor and the second sensor, wherein the hydraulic pressure sensor, based on an amount of hydraulic pressure in a hydraulic line of at least one of the first friction brake and the second friction brake, being indicative of a desire for a braking torque;commanding the generator to generate electricity based on at least one of actuation of the first brake lever and actuation of the second brake lever;commanding the generator to generate electricity up to a first fraction of a maximum regeneration capacity of the generator when the first brake lever is actuated and the second brake lever is unactuated;commanding the generator to generate electricity up to a second fraction of the maximum regeneration capacity of the generator when the second brake lever is actuated and the first brake lever is unactuated; andcommanding the generator to generate electricity at a third fraction of the maximum regeneration capacity of the generator when both the first and second brake levers are actuated, wherein the third fraction is greater than the first fraction, and the third fraction is greater than the second fraction;wherein a total braking torque is determined as a sum of a friction braking torque and a regenerative braking torque, the friction braking torque is generated by at least one of following: the first friction brake and the second friction brake, the regenerative braking torque is determined by a maximum available regenerative braking torque limited by at least one of the following: the first fraction, the second fraction, and the third fraction of the maximum regeneration capacity of the motor, wherein upon attaining the maximum available regenerative braking torque, at least one of the first friction brake and the second friction brake is actuated, wherein the braking torque increases monotonically until a maximum possible regenerative braking torque. 17. The method of claim 16 wherein: the generator is commanded to increase monotonically up to the first fraction of maximum regeneration capacity when the first sensor is actuated and the second sensor is unactuated; andthe generator is commanded to increase monotonically up to the second fraction of maximum regeneration capacity when the second sensor is actuated. 18. The method of claim 16 wherein actuation travel of the first brake lever is determined based on the first sensor coupled to the first brake lever and the generator is commanded to apply a regenerative braking force commensurate with the actuation travel of the first brake lever. 19. The method of claim 18 wherein actuation travel of the second brake lever is determined based on the second sensor coupled to the second brake lever and the generator is commanded to apply a regenerative brake force commensurate with the actuation travel of the first and second brake levers.
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이 특허에 인용된 특허 (14)
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