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A system and method for cooling and liquefying a gas in a heat exchanger that includes compressing and cooling a mixed refrigerant using first and last compression and cooling cycles so that high pressure liquid and vapor streams are formed. The high pressure liquid and vapor streams are cooled in t

A system and method for cooling and liquefying a gas in a heat exchanger that includes compressing and cooling a mixed refrigerant using first and last compression and cooling cycles so that high pressure liquid and vapor streams are formed. The high pressure liquid and vapor streams are cooled in the heat exchanger and then expanded so that a primary refrigeration stream is provided in the heat exchanger. The mixed refrigerant is cooled and equilibrated between the first and last compression and cooling cycles so that a pre-cool liquid stream is formed and subcooled in the heat exchanger. The stream is then expanded and passed through the heat exchanger as a pre-cool refrigeration stream. A stream of gas is passed through the heat exchanger in countercurrent heat exchange with the primary refrigeration stream and the pre-cool refrigeration stream so that the gas is cooled. A resulting vapor stream from the primary refrigeration stream passage and a two-phase stream from the pre-cool refrigeration stream passage exit the warm end of the exchanger and are combined and undergo a simultaneous heat and mass transfer operation prior to the first compression and cooling cycle so that a reduced temperature vapor stream is provided to the first stage compressor so as to lower power consumption by the system. Additionally, the warm end of the cooling curve is nearly closed further reducing power consumption. Heavy components of the refrigerant are also kept out of the cold end of the process, reducing the possibility of refrigerant freezing, as well as facilitating a refrigerant management scheme.

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1. A system for cooling a gas with a mixed refrigerant including: a) a heat exchanger including a warm end and a cold end, the warm end having a feed gas inlet adapted to receive a feed of the gas and the cold end having a product outlet through which product exits said heat exchanger, said heat exc

1. A system for cooling a gas with a mixed refrigerant including: a) a heat exchanger including a warm end and a cold end, the warm end having a feed gas inlet adapted to receive a feed of the gas and the cold end having a product outlet through which product exits said heat exchanger, said heat exchanger also including a cooling passage in communication with the feed gas inlet and the product outlet, a pre-cool liquid passage, a pre-cool refrigeration passage, a high pressure passage and a primary refrigeration passage, said pre-cool refrigeration passage passing solely through the warm end of the heat exchanger and said primary refrigeration passage passing through both the cold end and the warm end of the heat exchanger;b) a suction separation device having a vapor outlet and a liquid outlet;c) a first stage compressor having a suction inlet in fluid communication with the vapor outlet of the suction separation device and an outlet;d) a first stage after-cooler having an inlet in fluid communication with the outlet of the first stage compressor and an outlet;e) an interstage separation device having an inlet in fluid communication with the outlet of the first stage after-cooler and having a vapor outlet exclusively in fluid communication with the primary refrigeration passage of the heat exchanger so that the primary refrigeration passage of the heat exchanger receives fluid solely from the vapor outlet of the interstage separation device and a liquid outlet exclusively in fluid communication with the pre-cool liquid passage of the heat exchanger so that the pre-cool refrigeration passage of the heat exchanger receives fluid solely from the liquid outlet of the interstage separation device;f) a first expansion device having an inlet in fluid communication with the pre-cool liquid passage of the heat exchanger and an outlet in communication with the pre-cool refrigeration passage of the heat exchanger;g) a second expansion device having an inlet in fluid communication with the high pressure passage of the heat exchanger and an outlet in communication with the primary refrigeration passage of the heat exchanger;h) said pre-cool refrigeration passage adapted to produce a mixed phase outlet stream that exits the pre-cool refrigeration passage through a pre-cool refrigeration passage outlet and said primary refrigeration passage adapted to produce a superheated vapor outlet stream that exits the primary refrigeration passage through a primary refrigeration passage outlet; andi) a return fluid handling circuit including a junction in communication with the pre-cool refrigeration passage outlet and the primary refrigeration passage outlet, said junction configured to combine the mixed phase outlet stream and the superheated vapor outlet stream prior to the suction inlet of the first stage compressor;j) said suction separation device also in fluid communication with an outlet of the primary refrigeration passage of the heat exchanger so as to receive the superheated vapor stream directly without passing through a compressor; andk) a pump having an inlet in fluid communication with the liquid outlet of the suction separation device and an outlet in fluid communication with the interstage separation device. 2. The system of claim 1 wherein said interstage separation device is adapted to produce a liquid stream containing a heavy fraction of the refrigerant. 3. The system of claim 1 wherein the junction includes the suction separation device and the suction separation device features a vapor inlet in communication with the primary refrigeration passage of the heat exchanger and a mixed phase inlet that is separate and distinct from the vapor inlet in communication with the pre-cool refrigeration passage of the heat exchanger so that the superheated vapor outlet stream from the primary refrigeration passage and the mixed phase outlet stream from the pre-cool refrigeration passage are combined in the suction separation device to provide a cooled vapor stream to the suction inlet of the first stage compressor. 4. The system of claim 3 wherein the cooled vapor stream is provided by heat transfer and mass transfer. 5. The system of claim 1 wherein the cooling passage, the high pressure passage and the primary refrigeration passage pass through the warm and cold ends of the heat exchanger. 6. The system of claim 5 wherein the pre-cool liquid passage and the pre-cool refrigeration passage pass through the warm end of the heat exchanger, but not the cold end of the heat exchanger. 7. The system of claim 1 wherein the pre-cool liquid passage and the pre-cool refrigeration passage pass through the warm end of the heat exchanger, but not the cold end of the heat exchanger. 8. The system of claim 1 wherein the gas is natural gas. 9. The system of claim 8 wherein the product is liquefied natural gas. 10. The system of claim 1 wherein the product is liquefied gas. 11. The system of claim 1 further comprising a pre-cooling system in circuit between the outlet of the first stage compressor and the inlet of the interstage separation device. 12. The system of claim 11 wherein the pre-cooling system uses a single component refrigerant as a pre-cooling system refrigerant. 13. The system of claim 12 wherein the single component refrigerant is propane. 14. The system of claim 11 wherein the pre-cooling system uses a second mixed refrigerant as a pre-cooling system refrigerant. 15. The system of claim 1 wherein the heat exchanger is a plate and fin heat exchanger. 16. The system of claim 1 wherein the cooling passage does not exit the heat exchanger between the gas feed inlet and the product outlet. 17. The system of claim 1 wherein the cooling passage exits and reenters the heat exchanger between the gas feed inlet and the product outlet. 18. A system for cooling a gas with a mixed refrigerant including: a) a heat exchanger including a warm end and a cold end, the warm end having a feed gas inlet adapted to receive a feed of the gas and the cold end having a product outlet through which product exits said heat exchanger, said heat exchanger also including a cooling passage in communication with the feed gas inlet and the product outlet, a pre-cool liquid passage, a pre-cool refrigeration passage, a high pressure passage, and a primary refrigeration passage, said pre-cool refrigeration passage passing solely through the warm end of the heat exchanger and said primary refrigeration passage passing through both the cold end and the warm end of the heat exchanger;b) a suction separation device having a vapor outlet and a liquid outlet;c) a first stage compressor having a suction inlet in fluid communication with the vapor outlet of the suction separation device and an outlet;d) a first stage after-cooler having an inlet in fluid communication with the outlet of the first stage compressor and an outlet;e) an interstage separation device having an inlet in fluid communication with the outlet of the first stage after-cooler and having a vapor outlet exclusively in fluid communication with the primary refrigeration passage of the heat exchanger so that the primary refrigeration passage of the heat exchanger receives fluid solely from the vapor outlet of the interstage separation device and a liquid outlet in fluid communication with the pre-cool liquid passage of the heat exchanger so that the pre-cool refrigeration passage of the heat exchanger receives fluid solely from the liquid outlet of the interstage separation device;f) a first expansion device having an inlet in fluid communication with the pre-cool liquid passage of the heat exchanger and an outlet in communication with the pre-cool refrigeration passage of the heat exchanger;g) a second expansion device having an inlet in fluid communication with the high pressure vapor passage of the heat exchanger and an outlet in communication with the primary refrigeration passage of the heat exchanger;h) said pre-cool refrigeration passage adapted to produce a mixed phase outlet stream that exits the pre-cool refrigeration passage through a pre-cool refrigeration passage outlet and said primary refrigeration passage adapted to produce a superheated vapor outlet stream that exits the primary refrigeration passage through a primary refrigeration passage outlet; andi) a return fluid handling circuit including a unction in communication with the pre-cool refrigeration passage outlet and the primary refrigeration passage outlet, said junction configured to receive the superheated vapor outlet stream directly without compression and to combine the mixed phase outlet stream and the superheated vapor outlet stream prior to the suction inlet of the first stage compressor;j) said suction separation device also in fluid communication with an outlet of the primary refrigeration passage outlet of the heat exchanger so as to receive a vapor stream; andk) a pump having an inlet in fluid communication with the liquid outlet of the suction separation device and an outlet in fluid communication with the interstage separation device. 19. The system of claim 18 wherein the junction includes the suction separation device and the suction separation device features a vapor inlet in communication with the primary refrigeration passage of the heat exchanger and a mixed phase inlet that is separate and distinct from the vapor inlet in communication with the pre-cool refrigeration passage of the heat exchanger so that the superheated vapor outlet stream from the primary refrigeration passage and the mixed phase outlet stream from the pre-cool refrigeration passage are combined in the suction separation device to provide a cooled vapor stream to the suction inlet of the first stage compressor.