There are described compositions and methods for the laser marking of products or their packaging. The compositions comprise transition metal oxides, saccharides and/or flame-retardant agents, optionally with other additives, dispersed in a carrier.
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1. A method of laser marking of a substrate, which method comprises exposing the substrate to laser radiation wherein at least part of the substrate carries a coating obtained by drying of a composition comprising molybdenum trioxide, one or more sensitizing compounds selected from the group consist
1. A method of laser marking of a substrate, which method comprises exposing the substrate to laser radiation wherein at least part of the substrate carries a coating obtained by drying of a composition comprising molybdenum trioxide, one or more sensitizing compounds selected from the group consisting of ammonia, ammonium salts, amino acids, and amines, said composition having an alkaline pH; wherein, said composition is prepared by dispersing said molybdenum trioxide in a carrier. 2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the laser source is a CO2, Nd-YAG or UV laser, or an LED (light emitting diode) laser. 3. A composition in the form of a solution, a suspension or an emulsion for application to a substrate to render the substrate laser-markable, wherein said composition comprises: molybdenum trioxide;a carrier, which is one or more of a non-polymeric binder, a polymeric precursor binder, or a polymeric binder selected from the group consisting of acrylate and methacrylate polymers and copolymers, cellulose derivatives, polyvinyl butyral, polyurethane resins, epoxide resins, polyester resins, polyamides, polyimides, epoxy/vinyl/polyester coatings and lacquers, and siloxane resins; andone or more sensitizing compounds selected from the group consisting of ammonia, ammonium salts, amino acids, and amines;wherein said composition has an alkaline pH and is prepared by dispersing a laser-marking effective amount of molybdenum trioxide in said carrier. 4. A laser-markable coating obtained by drying of a composition according to claim 3. 5. A substrate at least part of a surface of which carries a laser-markable coating according to claim 4. 6. A method of rendering a substrate laser-markable, which method comprises applying to at least part of a surface of the substrate a composition according to claim 3. 7. A composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein the molybdenum trioxide is present at a level of up to 80% w/w, and at a concentration greater than 2% w/w. 8. A composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein the carrier is an alkaline polymer emulsion or solution. 9. A composition as claimed in claim 8, wherein the carrier is a modified styrene acrylic copolymer. 10. A composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein the carrier comprises a non-alkaline polymeric binder, together with ammonia or one or more amines. 11. A composition as claimed in claim 10, wherein the polymeric binder is selected from the group consisting of acrylate and methacrylate polymers. 12. A composition as claimed in claim 10, which composition further comprises one or more sugars, polysaccharides or derivatives thereof. 13. A composition as claimed in claim 12, wherein the concentration of the sugars, polysaccharides or derivatives thereof is between 2% and 50% w/w. 14. A composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein the concentration of amine compounds in the composition is up to 10% w/w, and at least 2% w/w. 15. A composition as claimed in claim 3, which composition further comprises one or more ingredients capable of absorbing infra-red radiation. 16. A composition as claimed in claim 3, further comprising one or more additives selected from the group consisting of amino acids, peptides, polypeptides, organic titanates and zirconates, and leuco dyes. 17. A composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein the carrier is a polymer emulsion. 18. A composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein the carrier is a polymer dispersion. 19. A composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein the carrier is a polymer solution. 20. A composition in the form of a solution, a suspension or an emulsion for application to a substrate to render the substrate laser-markable, wherein said composition comprises molybdenum trioxide and a carrier therefore, said composition further comprising a saccharide or a derivative thereof, wherein said composition is prepared by the steps of dispersing a laser-marking effective amount of molybdenum trioxide in said carrier; andadding one or more sensitizing compounds selected from the group consisting of ammonia, ammonium salts, amino acids, and amines to the carrier. 21. A composition as claimed in claim 20, wherein the saccharide comprises a simple sugar. 22. A composition as claimed in claim 21, wherein the simple sugar is selected from the group consisting essentially of glucose and fructose. 23. A composition as claimed in claim 20, wherein the saccharide comprises a polysaccharide. 24. A composition as claimed in claim 23, wherein the polysaccharide is selected from the group consisting essentially of starch and cellulose. 25. A composition as claimed in claim 20, which further comprises one or more ingredients capable of absorbing infra-red radiation. 26. A composition as claimed in claim 20, wherein the polymeric binder is selected from the group consisting of acrylate and methacrylate polymers, cellulose derivatives, nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate propionate, polyvinyl butyral, polyurethane resins, epoxide resins, polyester resins, polyamides, polyimides, epoxy/vinyl/polyester coatings and lacquers, and siloxane resins.
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