The invention relates to hydrocarbon streams containing impurities such as carbon oxysulfides, to processes for upgrading the hydrocarbons by removing at least a portion of the impurities therefrom, to equipment useful in such processes, and to the use of upgraded hydrocarbons for, e.g., chemical ma
The invention relates to hydrocarbon streams containing impurities such as carbon oxysulfides, to processes for upgrading the hydrocarbons by removing at least a portion of the impurities therefrom, to equipment useful in such processes, and to the use of upgraded hydrocarbons for, e.g., chemical manufacturing.
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1. A hydrocarbon upgrading process, comprising: (a) providing a feed stream, the feed stream comprising (i) C3 hydrocarbon, (ii) one or more of methane, C2 hydrocarbon, and molecular hydrogen, and (iii) >1.0 ppmm of carbon oxysulfides per mole of the feed stream, wherein the feed stream includes ≧0.
1. A hydrocarbon upgrading process, comprising: (a) providing a feed stream, the feed stream comprising (i) C3 hydrocarbon, (ii) one or more of methane, C2 hydrocarbon, and molecular hydrogen, and (iii) >1.0 ppmm of carbon oxysulfides per mole of the feed stream, wherein the feed stream includes ≧0.1 mole % of C3− unsaturates per mole of the feed stream;(b) exposing at least a portion of the feed stream to a temperature in the range of from −50° C. to −10° C. to (i) extract from the exposed feed stream at least a portion of one or more of the methane, the C2 hydrocarbons, and the molecular hydrogen and (ii) condense a first raffinate comprising at least a portion of the exposed feed stream's C3 hydrocarbon and at least a portion of the exposed feed stream's carbon oxysulfides;(c) exposing the extract of step (b) to a second temperature to produce a second extract and to condense a second raffinate, and (ii) exposing the second extract to a third temperature to produce a condensed tail gas, and an uncondensed third extract, wherein the second temperature is in the range of from −100° C. to −51° C., the third temperature is in the range of from −200° C. to −101° C.,(d) providing at least one active material, the active material comprising at least one metal oxide having activity for converting carbon oxysulfides;(e) exposing at least a portion of the first raffinate and a portion of the second raffinate to the active material to react >50% (molar basis) of the exposed raffinate's carbon oxysulfides with at least a portion of the active material's metal oxide to (i) convert the reacted metal oxide to an analogous metal sulfide and (ii) produce a conversion product comprising C3 hydrocarbon, any unconverted carbon oxysulfides, and carbon dioxide; and(f) removing at least a portion of the conversion product's carbon dioxide to produce an upgraded stream comprising >90.0% (molar basis) of C3− hydrocarbon. 2. The process of claim 1, wherein the carbon oxysulfides comprise ≧90.0% (molar basis) carbonyl sulfide, and wherein the feed stream comprises ≧0.5 ppmm carbonyl sulfide. 3. The process of claim 1, wherein the carbon oxysulfides comprise ≧99.0% (molar basis) carbonyl sulfide, and wherein feed stream comprises a total amount of 10.0% to 60.0% (molar basis) methane, 5.0% to 80.0% (molar basis) total C2 hydrocarbons and C3 hydrocarbons, 1.0 ppmm to 10.0 ppmm of carbonyl sulfide, 1.0% to 15.0% C4+hydrocarbons; 0.1% to 70% (molar basis) C3− olefin, and 10% to 60% molecular hydrogen. 4. The process of any of claim 1, wherein the feed stream further comprises ≧5.0 wt. % of water, based on the weight of the feed stream. 5. The process of any of claim 1, wherein step (b) is carried out in at least one cold box stage, and wherein the temperature is in the range of −45° C. to −15° C. 6. The process of any of claim 1, wherein the second raffinate comprises C2 hydrocarbon,the condensed tail gas comprises methane and >0.25% ethylene (molar basis, per mole of tail gas); andthe third extract comprises molecular hydrogen vapor. 7. The process of any of claim 1, wherein the active material comprises ≧1.0 wt. % of oxide(s) of at least one metal selected from Groups 1, 3, 7-12, and 14 of the Periodic Table, based on the weight of the active material. 8. The process of any of claim 1, wherein the active material comprises ≧1.0 wt. % of copper oxide and/or nickel oxide, and the process further comprises recovering copper and/or zinc from the metal sulfide. 9. The process of any of claim 1, wherein the process further comprises removing from the conversion product at least a portion of any C4+ hydrocarbon. 10. The process of any of claim 1, wherein ≧95.0% of the exposed first raffinate is reacted in step (d), and wherein the upgraded stream contains ≧95% C3− hydrocarbon (molar basis); ≦1.0 ppmm of COS, and ≦1.0 ppmm of CO2. 11. A hydrocarbon upgrading process, comprising: (a) providing a feed stream, the feed stream comprising (i) C3 hydrocarbon, (ii) one or more of methane, C2 hydrocarbon, and molecular hydrogen, and (iii) >1.0 ppmm of carbon oxysulfides per mole of the feed stream, wherein the feed stream includes ≧0.1 mole % of C3− unsaturates per mole of the feed stream;(b) exposing at least a portion of the feed stream to a temperature in the range of from −50° C. to −10° C. to (i) extract from the exposed feed stream at least a portion of one or more of the methane, the C2 hydrocarbons, and the molecular hydrogen and (ii) condense a first raffinate comprising at least a portion of the exposed feed stream's C3 hydrocarbon and at least a portion of the exposed feed stream's carbon oxysulfides;(c) exposing the extract of step (b) to a second temperature to produce a second extract and to condense a second raffinate, and (ii) exposing the second extract to a third temperature to produce a condensed tail gas, and an uncondensed third extract, wherein the second temperature is in the range of from −100° C. to −51° C., the third temperature is in the range of from −200° C. to −101° C.,(d) providing at least one active material, the active material comprising at least one metal oxide having activity for converting carbon oxysulfides;(e) exposing at least a portion of the first raffinate and a portion of the second raffinate to the active material to react at least a portion of the exposed raffinate's carbon oxysulfides with at least a portion of the active material's metal oxide to (i) convert the reacted metal oxide to an analogous metal sulfide and (ii) produce a conversion product comprising ≧90.0% (molar basis) of C3− hydrocarbon, ≦1.0 ppmm carbon oxysulfides, and ≧1.0 ppmm carbon dioxide; and(f) removing at least a portion of the conversion product's carbon dioxide to produce an upgraded stream comprising ≧90.0% (molar basis) of C3− hydrocarbon, ≦0.5 ppmm carbon dioxide, and ≦1.0 ppmm carbon oxysulfides. 12. The process of claim 11, wherein the carbon oxysulfides comprise ≧90.0% (molar basis) carbonyl sulfide, and wherein the feed stream comprises ≧0.5 ppmm carbonyl sulfide. 13. The process of claim 11, wherein the carbon oxysulfides comprise ≧99.0% (molar basis) carbonyl sulfide, and wherein feed stream comprises a total amount of 10.0% to 60.0% (molar basis) methane, 5.0% to 80.0% (molar basis) total C2 hydrocarbons and C3 hydrocarbons, 1.0 ppmm to 10.0 ppmm of carbonyl sulfide, 1.0% to 15.0% C4+ hydrocarbons; 0.1% to 70% (molar basis) C3− olefin, and 10% to 60% molecular hydrogen. 14. The process of any of claim 11, wherein the feed stream further comprises ≧5.0 wt. % of water, based on the weight of the feed stream. 15. The process of any of claim 11, wherein step (b) is carried out in at least one cold box stage, and wherein the temperature is in the range of −45° C. to −15° C. 16. The process of any of claim 11, wherein the second raffinate comprises C2 hydrocarbon,the condensed tail gas comprises methane and ≧0.25% ethylene (molar basis, per mole of tail gas); andthe third extract comprises molecular hydrogen vapor. 17. The process of any of claim 11, wherein the active material comprises ≧1.0 wt. % of oxide(s) of at least one metal selected from Groups 1, 3, 7-12, and 14 of the Periodic Table, based on the weight of the active material. 18. The process of any of claim 11, wherein the active material comprises ≧1.0 wt. % of copper oxide and/or nickel oxide, and the process further comprises recovering copper and/or zinc from the metal sulfide. 19. The process of any of claim 11, wherein the process further comprises removing from the conversion product at least a portion of any C4+ hydrocarbon. 20. A hydrocarbon upgrading process, comprising: (a) providing a feed stream, the feed stream comprising methane, ≧1 mole % C2 hydrocarbon, ≧1 mole % C3 hydrocarbon, molecular hydrogen, and >1.0 ppmm of carbon oxysulfides per mole of the feed stream, wherein the feed stream includes ≧0.1 mole % of C3− unsaturates per mole of the feed stream;(b) exposing at least a portion of the feed stream to a temperature in the range of from −50° C. to −10° C. to (i) extract from the exposed feed stream at least a portion of one or more of the methane, the C2 hydrocarbons, and the molecular hydrogen and (ii) condense a first raffinate comprising at least a portion of the exposed feed stream's C3 hydrocarbon and at least a portion of the exposed feed stream's carbon oxysulfides;(c) exposing the extract of step (b) to a second temperature to produce a second extract and to condense a second raffinate, and (ii) exposing the second extract to a third temperature to produce a condensed tail gas, and an uncondensed third extract, wherein the second temperature is in the range of from −100° C. to −51° C., the third temperature is in the range of from −200° C. to −101° C.,(d) providing at least one active material, the active material comprising at least one metal oxide having activity for converting carbon oxysulfides;(e) exposing at least a portion of the first raffinate and a portion of the second raffinate to the active material to react ≧95% (molar basis) of the exposed raffinate's carbon oxysulfides with at least a portion of the active material's metal oxide to (i) convert the reacted metal oxide to an analogous metal sulfide and (ii) produce a conversion product comprising ≧90.0% (molar basis) of C3− hydrocarbon and ≧1.0 ppmm carbon dioxide; and(e) removing at least a portion of the conversion product's carbon dioxide to produce an upgraded stream comprising ≧90.0% (molar basis) of C3− hydrocarbon, ≦0.5 ppmm carbon dioxide, and having a carbon oxysulfide:C3 hydrocarbon molar ratio that is no more than 0.5 times that of the feed stream. 21. The process of claim 20, wherein the carbon oxysulfides comprise ≧90.0% (molar basis) carbonyl sulfide, and wherein the feed stream comprises ≧0.5 ppmm carbonyl sulfide. 22. The process of claim 20, wherein the carbon oxysulfides comprise ≧99.0% (molar basis) carbonyl sulfide, and wherein feed stream comprises a total amount of 10.0% to 60.0% (molar basis) methane, 5.0% to 80.0% (molar basis) total C2 hydrocarbons and C3 hydrocarbons, 1.0 ppmm to 10.0 ppmm of carbonyl sulfide, 1.0% to 15.0% C4+ hydrocarbons; 1 mole % to 50 mole % (molar basis) C3− olefin, and 10% to 60% molecular hydrogen. 23. The process of any of claim 20, wherein the feed stream further comprises ≧5.0 wt. % of water, based on the weight of the feed stream. 24. The process of any of claim 20, wherein ≧99.0% of the exposed first raffinate is reacted in step (d), and wherein the upgraded stream contains ≧95% C3− hydrocarbons (molar basis); ≦0.1 ppmm of COS, and ≦1.0 ppmm of CO2.
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이 특허에 인용된 특허 (2)
Markovs John (Yorktown Heights NY) James ; Jr. Frederick E. (Stamford CT), Process for purifying natural gas.
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