초록

An apparatus that is part of a lampshade comprises a first film, a second film and a border seal forming a closed chamber that is laminar in shape and hermetically sealed. A fluid is disposed for fluid motion in the closed chamber.

대표청구항 ▼

1. An apparatus comprising: a first film, a second film and a border seal forming a closed chamber that is laminar in thickness and ring-shaped in cross-section and hermetically sealed;a fluid disposed for fluid motion in the closed chamber, wherein the fluid includes a first immiscible component an

1. An apparatus comprising: a first film, a second film and a border seal forming a closed chamber that is laminar in thickness and ring-shaped in cross-section and hermetically sealed;a fluid disposed for fluid motion in the closed chamber, wherein the fluid includes a first immiscible component and a second immiscible component; and a heat source configured to provide heat to at least a portion of the fluid or the chamber,wherein the apparatus is part of a lampshade. 2. A laminar liquid motion display in accordance with claim 1 further including one or more lamps in optical and/or thermal communication with at least a portion of the chamber and the fluid. 3. A laminar liquid motion display in accordance with claim 1 wherein the heat source includes one or more of: the sun, a flame, a candle, an electric heater, a light bulb, a living organism, a living person, an indoor heating system, a lamp, a light source, a laser, or a light emitting diode. 4. A laminar liquid motion display in accordance with claim 1 wherein the motion of the fluid is provided by convection. 5. A laminar liquid motion display in accordance with claim 1 further including a light source configured to provide light to at least a portion of the fluid and the chamber. 6. A laminar liquid motion display in accordance with claim 5 wherein the light source includes one or more of: a lamp, a flame, a candle, a light bulb, a laser, a light emitting diode or the sun. 7. A laminar liquid motion display in accordance with claim 1 wherein the fluid includes one or more of: a suspension, a solution, a colloidal solution, an emulsion, a dispersion, or a mixture. 8. A laminar liquid motion display in accordance with claim 1 wherein the fluid includes two or more immiscible components. 9. A laminar liquid motion display in accordance with claim 8 wherein the immiscible components have similar densities and different coefficients of thermal expansion. 10. A laminar liquid motion display in accordance with claim 1 wherein the fluid includes one or more of: liquids, solids, gases or plasmas, mineral oil, benzyl alcohol, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, salts, liquid paraffin, paraffin wax, paraffin oil, napthene, water, isopropyl alcohol, silicone oil, melamine formaldehyde, nanoparticles, microspheres, fluorescent or phosphorescent liquids solids and gases, polystyrene, superparamagnetic microspheres, magnetic microspheres, paramagnetic microspheres, protein-coated microspheres, acrylic, beads, droplets, glitter, metallic particles, pieces of plastic film, polyester glitter, mineral spirits, xylene, toluene, carbon tetrachloride, dyes, ethanol, surfactants, surface tension reducing agents, solvents, emulsifiers, glycerol, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol (aka PEG), plastic, glass, metal and silica, polymer, liquid crystal, dielectric liquid, perfluorinated carbon liquid, anti-freeze or other transparent, translucent, colored, fluorescent, phosphorescent, refractive, diffractive, reflective, absorptive, transmissive, scattering, nonlinear, dispersive, waveguiding, photosensitive, electro-optic, optically rotating, depolarizing, optically active, polarizing, birefringent or opaque materials. 11. A laminar liquid motion display in accordance with claim 1 wherein the first and second films include one or more of the following: thermoplastics, polycarbonate, resins, thermosets, and elastomers, including low- and high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, PIFE, polystyrene, PMMA, nylon, polyester, Mylar®, vinyl, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acrylic polymer, epoxy, phenolformaldehyde, glass, plastic, transparent polyarylsulfone, polyamide, thermoplastic polyester, polymethylpentene, fluorinated ethylene, propylene polymers, metal, combinations of these materials with each other or with other transparent, translucent, colored, fluorescent, phosphorescent, refractive, diffractive, reflective, absorptive, transmissive, scattering, nonlinear, dispersive, waveguiding, photosensitive, electro-optic, optically rotating, depolarizing, optically active, polarizing, birefringent or opaque materials, or any other plastics or combinations or laminates of plastics or packaging materials including ones that are suitable for forming a hermetic or near-hermetic seal around the fluid. 12. A laminar liquid motion display in accordance with claim 1 wherein the space internal to the chamber has a thickness that is between one micron and one centimeter. 13. A laminar liquid motion display in accordance with claim 1 wherein at least a portion of the chamber further includes one or more of a surface tension breaking object, a heating reservoir, a cooling reservoir, an array of chambers, an array of shaped chambers, flow holes, flow control structures, valves, flaps, nipples, unidirectional valves, nozzles, a surface relief pattern, holograms, holographic film, edge-illuminated films, waveguides, lightguides, surface relief patterns, or films that have been colored, tinted, dyed, patterned, metallized, etched, printed, painted, inscribed or marked in any fashion. 14. A laminar liquid motion display in accordance with claim 1 wherein the first and second films are curved and configured so that the chamber is laminar and the chamber is curved in the form of one or more of: a sphere, a hemisphere, a cylinder, a cone, or a truncated cone. 15. A laminar liquid motion display in accordance with claim 1 wherein the fluid is colored. 16. A laminar liquid motion display in accordance with claim 1wherein upon heating at least a portion of the fluid, at least a portion of the first immiscible component rises in relation to a portion of the second immiscible component;and wherein upon cooling at least a portion of the fluid, at least a portion of the first immiscible component falls in relation to a portion of the second immiscible component. 17. A laminar liquid motion display in accordance with claim 16 wherein one or more of the immiscible components includes microspheres. 18. A laminar liquid motion display in accordance with claim 17 wherein the microspheres include one or more of paraffin, plastic, dye, and/or polymer. 19. A laminar liquid motion display in accordance with claim 16 wherein one or more of the immiscible components includes one or more of paraffin, plastic, dye, or polymer. 20. A laminar liquid motion display in accordance with claim 16 wherein the closed chamber is configured to facilitate circulation by convection of a first immiscible component of the fluid with respect to a second immiscible component of the fluid. 21. A laminar liquid motion display in accordance with claim 16 wherein the closed chamber is configured to facilitate the motion of a first immiscible component of the fluid, wherein a portion of the first immiscible component is located in an upper region of the chamber at a level above a portion of the second immiscible component of the fluid, wherein a portion of the first immiscible component moves to a lower region of the chamber at a level below that of a portion of the second immiscible component, wherein a portion of the first immiscible component rises back to the upper region of the chamber at a level above a portion of the second immiscible component; andwherein said motion of first immiscible component of the fluid is driven by convection. 22. A laminar liquid motion display in accordance with claim 1, wherein the fluid is a filter of light, and wherein the fluid motion results in changes in filtering of light by the fluid. 23. A laminar liquid motion display in accordance with claim 1 wherein the fluid includes microspheres. 24. A laminar liquid motion display in accordance with claim 23 wherein the microspheres include one or more of paraffin, plastic, dye, and/or polymer. 25. A laminar liquid motion display in accordance with claim 1 wherein the fluid includes one or more of paraffin, plastic, dye, or polymer. 26. A laminar liquid motion display in accordance with claim 1, wherein the fluid includes: a first immiscible component having a first coefficient of thermal expansion, a first density at a first temperature and a second density at a second temperature; anda second immiscible component having a second coefficient of thermal expansion, a third density at the first temperature and a fourth density at the second temperature. 27. A laminar liquid motion display in accordance with claim 26, wherein the first coefficient of thermal expansion is greater than the second coefficient of thermal expansion. 28. A laminar liquid motion display in accordance with claim 26, wherein the first density is greater than the second density. 29. A laminar liquid motion display in accordance with claim 26, wherein the third density is greater than the fourth density. 30. A laminar liquid motion display in accordance with claim 26, wherein the first density is greater than the third density. 31. A laminar liquid motion display in accordance with claim 26, wherein the fourth density is greater than the second density. 32. A laminar liquid motion display in accordance with claim 26 wherein the fluid is configured to flow in a chamber; wherein the internal volume of the chamber has a thickness that is generally between about 1 micron and about 1 centimeter. 33. A laminar liquid motion display in accordance with claim 26 wherein the first, second, third and fourth densities and the first and second coefficients of thermal expansion are chosen such that at least a portion of the fluid or the first or second immiscible component flows by convention when cycled between the first and second temperatures. 34. A laminar liquid motion display in accordance with claim 26, wherein the second temperature is greater than the first temperature. 35. A laminar liquid motion display in accordance with claim 1 wherein an internal volume of the closed chamber is laminar in shape.