Sweep-based membrane separation process for removing carbon dioxide from exhaust gases generated by multiple combustion sources
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
B01D-053/22
F23J-015/02
F23L-007/00
B01D-053/62
B01D-053/14
출원번호
US-0180922
(2016-06-13)
등록번호
US-9546785
(2017-01-17)
발명자
/ 주소
Baker, Richard W
Merkel, Timothy C.
출원인 / 주소
Membrane Technology and Research, Inc.
대리인 / 주소
Hott, Timothy A.
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
1인용 특허 :
24
초록▼
A gas separation process for treating exhaust gases from multiple combustion sources. The invention involves directing an exhaust gas stream from one combustion step to a carbon capture step. An off-gas stream depleted in carbon dioxide from the carbon capture step is mixed with a second exhaust str
A gas separation process for treating exhaust gases from multiple combustion sources. The invention involves directing an exhaust gas stream from one combustion step to a carbon capture step. An off-gas stream depleted in carbon dioxide from the carbon capture step is mixed with a second exhaust stream from a second combustion step to form a mixed gas stream. The mixed gas stream is passed as a feed stream across the feed side of a membrane that is selectively permeable to carbon dioxide over nitrogen and carbon dioxide over oxygen. A sweep gas stream, usually air, flows across the permeate side, and picks up the preferentially permeating carbon dioxide. The permeate stream withdrawn from the permeate side of the membrane is then recycled back to the combustor.
대표청구항▼
1. A process for controlling carbon dioxide exhaust from multiple combustion processes, comprising: (a) performing a first combustion process by combusting a first mixture of a fuel and air, oxygen-enriched air or oxygen, thereby creating a first exhaust stream comprising carbon dioxide and nitrogen
1. A process for controlling carbon dioxide exhaust from multiple combustion processes, comprising: (a) performing a first combustion process by combusting a first mixture of a fuel and air, oxygen-enriched air or oxygen, thereby creating a first exhaust stream comprising carbon dioxide and nitrogen;(b) performing a carbon dioxide capture step to remove a portion of carbon dioxide in concentrated form from the first exhaust stream, thereby creating an off-gas stream from the capture step that is less concentrated in carbon dioxide than the first exhaust stream;(c) performing a second combustion process by combusting a second mixture of a fuel and air, oxygen-enriched air or oxygen, thereby creating a second exhaust stream comprising carbon dioxide and nitrogen;(d) mixing the second exhaust stream with at least a portion of the off-gas stream to produce a mixed gas stream;(e) providing a membrane having a feed side and a permeate side, and being selectively permeable to carbon dioxide over nitrogen and to carbon dioxide over oxygen;(f) passing at least a portion of the mixed gas stream across the feed side;(g) passing air, oxygen-enriched air or oxygen as a sweep stream across the permeate side;(h) withdrawing from the feed side a carbon-dioxide depleted vent stream;(i) withdrawing from the permeate side a permeate stream comprising oxygen and carbon dioxide; and(j) passing the permeate stream to step (a) as at least part of the air, oxygen-enriched air or oxygen of step (a). 2. The process of claim 1, wherein the first exhaust stream comprises flue gas from a first combustion unit in the first combustion process and the second exhaust stream comprises flue gas from a second combustion unit in the second combustion process. 3. The process of claim 2, wherein the first and second combustion units are boilers. 4. The process of claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide capture step comprises at least one process selected from the group consisting of absorption, adsorption, liquefaction and membrane separation. 5. The process of claim 1, wherein the sweep stream follows a sweep flow direction across the permeate side, the off-gas stream follows a feed flow direction across the feed side, and the sweep flow direction is substantially countercurrent to the feed flow direction. 6. The process of claim 1, wherein the membrane exhibits a carbon dioxide permeance of at least 500 gpu under process operating conditions. 7. The process of claim 1, wherein the membrane exhibits a selectivity in favor of carbon dioxide over nitrogen of at least 10 under process operating conditions. 8. The process of claim 1, wherein the vent stream contains less than about 6 vol % carbon dioxide. 9. The process of claim 1, wherein the off-gas stream is compressed to a pressure up to about 5 bar before being passed across the feed side. 10. The process of claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide concentration of the off-gas stream from the carbon dioxide capture step and the carbon dioxide concentration of the second exhaust stream are substantially the same. 11. The process of claim 1, further comprising the step of mixing at least a portion of a third exhaust stream comprising carbon dioxide and nitrogen from a third combustion process with the first exhaust stream prior to step (b), the off-gas stream prior to step (d), the second exhaust stream prior to step (d), or the mixed gas stream prior to step (f). 12. A process for controlling carbon dioxide exhaust from multiple combustion processes, comprising: (a) performing a first combustion process by combusting a first mixture of a fuel and air, oxygen-enriched air or oxygen, thereby creating a first exhaust stream comprising carbon dioxide and nitrogen;(b) performing a carbon dioxide capture step to remove a portion of carbon dioxide in concentrated form from the first exhaust stream, thereby creating an off-gas stream from the capture step that is less concentrated in carbon dioxide than the first exhaust stream;(c) providing a first membrane having a first feed side and a first permeate side, and being selectively permeable to carbon dioxide over nitrogen and to carbon dioxide over oxygen;(d) passing the off-gas stream across the first feed side;(e) withdrawing from the first feed side a first carbon-dioxide depleted stream;(f) performing a second combustion process by combusting a second mixture of a fuel and air, oxygen-enriched air or oxygen, thereby creating a second exhaust stream comprising carbon dioxide and nitrogen;(g) mixing at least a portion of the second exhaust stream with at least a portion of the first carbon dioxide-depleted stream to produce a mixed gas stream;(h) providing a second membrane having a second feed side and a second permeate side, and being selectively permeable to carbon dioxide over nitrogen and to carbon dioxide over oxygen;(i) passing at least a portion of the mixed gas stream across the second feed side;(j) withdrawing from the second feed side a second carbon dioxide-depleted stream;(k) passing at least a portion of air, oxygen-enriched air or oxygen as a first sweep stream across the second permeate side;(l) withdrawing from the second permeate side a second-membrane permeate stream comprising oxygen and carbon dioxide;(m) passing at least a portion of the second-membrane permeate stream comprising oxygen and carbon dioxide as a second sweep stream across the first permeate side of the first membrane;(n) withdrawing from the first permeate side of the first membrane a first-membrane permeate stream comprising oxygen and carbon dioxide; and(o) passing the first-membrane permeate stream to step (a) as at least part of the air, oxygen-enriched air or oxygen of step (a). 13. The process of claim 12, wherein the first exhaust stream comprises flue gas from a first combustion unit and the second exhaust stream comprises flue gas from a second combustion unit. 14. The process of claim 12, wherein the first and second combustion units are boilers. 15. The process of claim 12, wherein the carbon dioxide capture step comprises at least one process selected from the group consisting of absorption, adsorption, liquefaction and membrane separation. 16. The process of claim 12, wherein the sweep stream follows a sweep flow direction across the permeate side, the off-gas stream follows a feed flow direction across the feed side, and the sweep flow direction is substantially countercurrent to the feed flow direction. 17. The process of claim 12, wherein the membrane exhibits a carbon dioxide permeance of at least 500 gpu under process operating conditions. 18. The process of claim 12, wherein the membrane exhibits a selectivity in favor of carbon dioxide over nitrogen of at least 10 under process operating conditions. 19. The process of claim 12, wherein the vent stream contains less than about 6 vol % carbon dioxide. 20. The process of claim 12, wherein the off-gas stream is compressed to a pressure up to about 5 bar before being passed across the feed side. 21. The process of claim 12, wherein the carbon dioxide concentration of the first carbon dioxide-depleted stream from the first membrane and the carbon dioxide concentration of the second exhaust stream are substantially the same. 22. The process of claim 12, further comprising the step of mixing at least a portion of a third exhaust stream comprising carbon dioxide and nitrogen from a third combustion process with the first exhaust stream prior to step (b), the off-gas stream prior to step (d), the first carbon dioxide-depleted stream prior to step (g), the second exhaust stream prior to step (g), or the mixed gas stream prior to step (i). 23. The process of claim 12, further comprising the step of mixing a gas stream comprising air, oxygen-enriched air, or oxygen with a portion of the second-membrane permeate stream prior to step (m) to form the second sweep stream. 24. The process of claim 23, wherein another portion of the second-membrane permeate stream is passed to step (a) as part of the air, oxygen-enriched air or oxygen of step (a) or is mixed with the first-membrane permeate stream prior to step (o). 25. The process of claim 23, wherein the gas stream comprises a portion of the first sweep stream. 26. A process for controlling carbon dioxide exhaust from multiple combustion processes, comprising: (a) performing a first combustion process by combusting a first mixture of a fuel and air, oxygen-enriched air or oxygen, thereby creating a first exhaust stream comprising carbon dioxide and nitrogen;(b) performing a carbon dioxide capture step to remove a portion of carbon dioxide in concentrated form from the first exhaust stream, thereby creating an off-gas stream from the capture step that is less concentrated in carbon dioxide than the first exhaust stream;(c) providing a first membrane having a first feed side and a first permeate side, and being selectively permeable to carbon dioxide over nitrogen and to carbon dioxide over oxygen;(d) passing the off-gas stream across the first feed side;(e) withdrawing from the first feed side a first carbon-dioxide depleted stream;(f) performing a second combustion process by combusting a second mixture of a fuel and air, oxygen-enriched air or oxygen, thereby creating a second exhaust stream comprising carbon dioxide and nitrogen;(g) mixing at least a portion of the second exhaust stream with at least a portion of the first carbon dioxide-depleted stream to produce a mixed gas stream;(h) providing a second membrane having a second feed side and a second permeate side, and being selectively permeable to carbon dioxide over nitrogen and to carbon dioxide over oxygen;(i) passing at least a portion of the mixed gas stream across the second feed side;(j) withdrawing from the second feed side a second carbon dioxide-depleted stream;(k) passing at least a portion of air, oxygen-enriched air or oxygen as a first sweep stream across the second permeate side;(l) withdrawing from the second permeate side a second-membrane permeate stream comprising oxygen and carbon dioxide;(m) passing air, oxygen-enriched air or oxygen as a second sweep stream across the first permeate side of the first membrane;(n) withdrawing from the first permeate side of the first membrane a first-membrane permeate stream comprising oxygen and carbon dioxide; and(o) passing the first-membrane permeate stream and the second-membrane permeate stream to step (a) as at least part of the air, oxygen-enriched air or oxygen of step (a). 27. The process of claim 26, wherein the first-membrane permeate stream and the second-membrane permeate stream are mixed together prior to step (o). 28. The process of claim 26, wherein the second sweep stream comprises a portion of the first sweep stream.
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