Hydraulic barrier composition and method of making the same
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
C08K-003/34
B01J-020/12
B01J-020/26
B01J-020/28
B01J-020/30
출원번호
US-0752366
(2013-01-28)
등록번호
US-9550879
(2017-01-24)
발명자
/ 주소
Donovan, Michael
Athanassopoulos, Christos
출원인 / 주소
AMCOL INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
대리인 / 주소
Squire Patton Boggs (US) LLP
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
1인용 특허 :
3
초록▼
A hydraulic barrier composition can include granules of a water-swellable clay and a water-soluble polymer. Upon contact with a leachate at least portion of the polymer is solvated by the leachate and becomes entrapped in at least one of clay pores, at clay platelet edges, and between adjacent plate
A hydraulic barrier composition can include granules of a water-swellable clay and a water-soluble polymer. Upon contact with a leachate at least portion of the polymer is solvated by the leachate and becomes entrapped in at least one of clay pores, at clay platelet edges, and between adjacent platelets.
대표청구항▼
1. A method comprising: providing a clay-polymer composite comprising a clay and a polymer, the polymer of the composition formed from one or more monomers, at least one monomer being acrylamido-methyl-propane sulfonate (AMPS); wherein providing the clay-polymer composite comprises polymerizing AMPS
1. A method comprising: providing a clay-polymer composite comprising a clay and a polymer, the polymer of the composition formed from one or more monomers, at least one monomer being acrylamido-methyl-propane sulfonate (AMPS); wherein providing the clay-polymer composite comprises polymerizing AMPS monomer, optionally with one or more other monomers, and optionally, with one or more crosslinking agents, one or more additives, or one or more crosslinking agents and one or more additives, in the presence of the clay;orblending the clay and the polymer and optionally one or more additives, the polymer being a pre-synthesized polymer;andforming a hydraulic barrier composition comprising the clay-polymer composite. 2. A hydraulic barrier composition comprising: clay-polymer granules comprising a clay and a polymer, the polymer comprising a cross-linked polymer portion and a linear polymer portion, and the polymer of the composition being a homopolymer formed from acrylamido-methyl-propane sulfonate (AMPS), being a copolymer formed from AMPS and at least one other monomer, or being a blend of one or more polymers, at least one being a homopolymer of AMPS, at least one being a copolymer of AMPS, or at least one being a homopolymer of AMPS and at least one being a copolymer of AMPS;wherein the composition has a hydraulic conductivity of 1×10−7 cm/sec or less when exposed to leachates having an ionic strength of 0.02 mol/liter to 3 mol/liter, a ratio of monovalent to divalent ions (RMD) value of less than 50 M1/2, or both. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer of the clay-polymer composite comprises: (a) a linear portion and a cross-linked portion;(b) a low molecular weight portion of a molecular weight of less than or about equal to 600,000 g/mol, and a high molecular weight portion; orboth (a) and (b). 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer of the clay-polymer composite comprises one or more other monomers selected from the group consisting of alkylacrylamides, methacrylamides, styrenes, allylamines, allylammonium, diallylamines, diallylammoniums, alkyl acrylates, methacrylates, acrylates, n-vinyl formamide, vinyl ethers, vinyl sulfonate, acrylic acid, sulfobetaines, carboxybetaines, phosphobetaines, and maleic anhydride and mixtures thereof. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer clay-polymer composite comprises sodium polyacrylate. 6. A hydraulic barrier composition, comprising clay-polymer granules comprising a water-swellable clay and a sulfonated water-soluble polymer, the sulfonated polymer of the composition formed from acrylamido-methyl-propane sulfonate (AMPS) and optionally one or more other monomers;and the composition comprising the clay-polymer granules being disposed between a first and a second sheet material. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the clay of the composite is a water-swellable clay. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer comprises about 2 wt % to about 80 wt % based on the total weight of the clay-polymer composite. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the water-swellable clay comprises a water-swellable smectite clay. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the water-swellable smectite clay is selected from the group consisting of sodium montmorillonite, sodium bentonite, sodium activated calcium bentonite, and mixtures thereof. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the clay-polymer composite is ground into clay-polymer granules at least a portion of which are used in forming the hydraulic barrier composition. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein at least 80% of the clay-polymer granules, by number, have a size in a range of about 6 mesh to about 325 mesh. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the clay-polymer composite is provided by polymerizing AMPS monomer, optionally with one or more other monomers, and optionally, with one or more crosslinking agents, one or more additives, or one or more crosslinking agents and one or more additives, in the presence of the clay. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the clay-polymer composite is provided by blending the clay and the polymer and optionally one or more additives, the polymer being a pre-synthesized polymer. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the clay-polymer granules used in forming the hydraulic barrier composition are in the 14 mesh (1410 μm) to 80 mesh (177 μm) size range. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein forming the hydraulic barrier composition comprises disposing the clay-polymer granules and optionally disposing filler granules and optionally disposing other materials, in between a first sheet material and a second sheet material, and attaching the second sheet material to the first sheet material. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the filler granules are present, the filler granules comprising a filler. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the combination of the filler granules and the clay-polymer granules comprise at least 0.25 wt. % clay-polymer granules. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the filler is selected from the group consisting of a water-swellable clay, gypsum, fly ash, silicon carbide, silica sand, lignite, recycled glass, calcium sulfate, cement, calcium carbonate, talc, mica, vermiculite, acid activated clays, kaolin, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, calcium silicate, calcium phosphate, and mixtures thereof. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the filler comprises a water-swellable clay. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the water-swellable clay of the filler comprises a water-swellable smectite clay. 22. The method of claim 16, wherein the first sheet is attached to the second sheet by needle punching, chemical binding, adhesive binding, or a combination thereof. 23. The method of claim 16, wherein the first sheet is attached to the second sheet by needle punching, and at least 80%, by number, of the clay-polymer granules have a size in a range of 6 mesh to 320 mesh. 24. The method of claim 23, comprising 10,000 to 24,000 needle punching strikes per foot. 25. A method of containing a leachate, comprising; disposing the hydraulic barrier of claim 7 in contact with an aqueous leachate,wherein upon contact with the leachate the hydraulic barrier composition is activated to contain the leachate, and upon activation at least a portion the polymer of the clay-polymer granules is solvated by the leachate and at least a portion of the polymer becomes entrapped in at least one of the clay pores, at clay platelet edges, and between adjacent clay platelets. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the leachate has a pH of less than about 3 and the hydraulic barrier composition is activated in about 1 second to about 4 hours. 27. The method of claim 25, wherein the leachate has a pH of greater than 8 and the hydraulic barrier composition is activated in about 1 second to about 4 hours. 28. The method of claim 25, wherein the leachate has an ionic strength of greater than about 50 mmol/liter, and the hydraulic barrier is activated in about 1 second to about 4 hours. 29. The method of claim 25, wherein the leachate has an RMD value of less than 20 M1/2, and the hydraulic barrier composition is activated in about 1 second to about 4 hours. 30. The method of claim 25, wherein the leachate has an ionic strength of 0.05 mol/liter to 1.2 mol/liter and an RMD value of less than 50 M1/2 and the method comprises containing the leachate with a hydraulic conductivity of 1×10−7 cm/sec or less. 31. The method of claim 25, wherein the leachate has a pH of less than 1.5 and an ionic strength of greater than 1 mol/liter, the clay-polymer granules comprise a sulfonated water-soluble polymer, and the method comprises containing the leachate with a hydraulic conductivity of 1×10−7 cm/sec or less. 32. The method of claim 13, wherein polymerizing comprises: contacting a clay-containing slurry with a polymerization initiator, wherein the clay-containing slurry comprises clay and one or more monomers; andinitiating polymerization of the clay-containing slurry and polymerization initiator under conditions sufficient to polymerize the one or more monomers to form a clay-polymer composite;wherein the clay-polymer composite has a linear polymer component and a cross-linked polymer component. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein initiating polymerization comprises heating the clay-containing slurry and the polymerization initiator, exposing the clay-containing slurry and the polymerization initiator to ultraviolet radiation, exposing the clay-containing slurry and the polymerization initiator to infrared radiation, exposing the clay-containing slurry and the polymerization initiator to a redox reaction, exposing the clay-containing slurry to ionizing radiation, or a combination thereof. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein initiating polymerization comprises heating the clay-containing slurry and polymerization initiator to a temperature of about 150° C. to about 240° C. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the clay-containing slurry and polymerization initiator are heated for a time of about 0.5 minute to about 30 minutes. 36. The method of claim 34, further comprising maintaining the clay-polymer composite at an elevated temperature after heating, the elevated temperature being higher than the temperature of the polymerization step. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the elevated temperature is about 150° C. to about 250° C. 38. The method of claim 36, wherein the clay-polymer composite is maintained at the elevated temperature for a time of about 4 minutes to about 30 minutes. 39. The method of claim 36, comprising heating the clay-containing slurry and the polymerization initiator by passing the clay-containing slurry and the polymerization initiator through an oven at a rate of about 1 foot per minute to about 40 feet per minute, wherein the oven has a temperature of about 100° C. to about 288° C. 40. The method of claim 21, wherein the water-swellable smectite clay is selected from the group consisting of sodium montmorillonite, sodium bentonite, sodium activated calcium bentonite, and mixtures thereof. 41. The method of claim 32, wherein the ratio of monomer to clay is about 1:19 to about 19:1. 42. The method of claim 41, wherein the ratio of monomer to clay is about 3:1 to about 1:5. 43. The method of claim 32, wherein at least one other monomer is present and is selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, alkali metal acrylate, acrylamide, and mixtures thereof. 44. The method of claim 32, wherein at least one other monomer is present and is selected from the group consisting of alkylacrylamides, methacrylamides, styrenes, allylamines, allylammonium, diallylamines, diallylammoniums, alkylacrylates, methacrylates, acrylates, n-vinyl formamide, vinyl ethers, vinyl sulfonate, acrylic acid, sulfobetaines, carboxybetaines, phosphobetaines, and maleic anhydride, and mixtures thereof. 45. The method of claim 32, wherein the clay-containing slurry further comprises water. 46. The method of claim 45, wherein the clay-containing slurry comprises about 20 wt. % to about 50 wt. % water based on the total weight of the clay-containing slurry. 47. The method of claim 32, wherein the optional cross-linking agent is present, and the clay-containing slurry comprises the cross-linking agent. 48. The method of claim 32, wherein the clay-containing slurry further comprises a neutralizing agent. 49. The method of claim 16, wherein at least one other material is present, the other material being a second water-soluble polymer which is mixed with the clay-polymer granules prior to disposing the clay-polymer granules between a first sheet material and a second sheet material. 50. The method of claim 49, wherein the second water-soluble polymer is a super-absorbent polymer. 51. The hydraulic barrier composition of claim 6, wherein the composition has a hydraulic conductivity of 1×10−7 cm/sec or less when exposed to leachates having a pH of less than 1.5 and an ionic strength of about 0.1 mol/liter to about 10 mol/liter. 52. The hydraulic barrier composition of claim 6, wherein the composition disposed between the first and second sheet materials is at a total loading of at least 0.91 lbs/ft2. 53. The hydraulic barrier composition of claim 52, further comprising filler granules, the filler granules comprising a filler. 54. The hydraulic barrier composition of claim 53, wherein the combination of the filler granules and the clay-polymer granules comprises at least 0.25 wt % clay-polymer granules. 55. The hydraulic barrier composition of claim 53, wherein the filler is selected from the group consisting of a water-swellable clay, gypsum, fly ash, silicon carbide, silica sand, lignite, recycled glass, calcium sulfate, cement, calcium carbonate, talc, mica, vermiculite, acid activated clays, kaolin, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, calcium silicate, calcium phosphate, and mixtures thereof. 56. The hydraulic barrier composition of claim 55, wherein the filler comprises a water-swellable clay. 57. The hydraulic barrier composition of claim 55, wherein the water-swellable clay of the filler is selected from the group consisting of sodium montmorillonite, sodium bentonite, sodium activated calcium bentonite, and mixtures thereof. 58. The hydraulic barrier composition of claim 7, wherein the second sheet material is attached to the first sheet material by needle punching. 59. A method of containing a leachate, comprising; disposing the hydraulic barrier of claim 2 in contact with an aqueous leachate,wherein upon contact with the leachate the hydraulic barrier composition is activated to contain the leachate, and upon activation at least a portion the polymer of the clay-polymer granules is solvated by the leachate and at least a portion of the polymer becomes entrapped in at least one of the clay pores, at clay platelet edges, and between adjacent clay platelets. 60. The hydraulic barrier composition of claim 2, further comprising filler granules, the filler granules comprising a filler.
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이 특허에 인용된 특허 (3)
Darlington, Jr., Jerald W.; Dotlich, Natalie A.; Mattern, Craig M.; Carriker, Richard Wilson; Clarey, Mark William, Hydraulic barrier.
Martineu Pierre (Bron FRX) Saunier Christiane (Venissieux FRX) Rousset Jacky (Chaillon-sur-Chalaronne FRX) Jacquemet Christian (Ecully FRX), Polymer composition charged with powdered mineral material with a high capacity of water absorption.
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