An optical detector (110) is disclosed, the optical detector (110) comprising: at least one spatial light modulator (114) being adapted to modify at least one property of a light beam (136) in a spatially resolved fashion, having a matrix (132) of pixels (134), each pixel (134) being controllable to
An optical detector (110) is disclosed, the optical detector (110) comprising: at least one spatial light modulator (114) being adapted to modify at least one property of a light beam (136) in a spatially resolved fashion, having a matrix (132) of pixels (134), each pixel (134) being controllable to individually modify the at least one optical property of a portion of the light beam (136) passing the pixel (134);at least one optical sensor (116) adapted to detect the light beam (136) after passing the matrix (132) of pixels (134) of the spatial light modulator (114) and to generate at least one sensor signal;at least one modulator device (118) adapted for periodically controlling at least two of the pixels (134) with different modulation frequencies; andat least one evaluation device (120) adapted for performing a frequency analysis in order to determine signal components of the sensor signal for the modulation frequencies.
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1. An optical detector, comprising: at least one spatial light modulator within the optical detector and which modifies at least one property of a light beam in a spatially resolved fashion, said modulator comprising a matrix of pixels, each pixel being controllable to individually modify the at lea
1. An optical detector, comprising: at least one spatial light modulator within the optical detector and which modifies at least one property of a light beam in a spatially resolved fashion, said modulator comprising a matrix of pixels, each pixel being controllable to individually modify the at least one optical property of a portion of the light beam passing the pixel;at least one optical sensor which detects the light beam after passing the matrix of pixels of the spatial light modulator and for generating at least one sensor signal;at least one modulator device which periodically controls at least two of the pixels with different modulation frequencies for activation of the at least two of the pixels; andat least one evaluation device which performs a frequency analysis in order to determine signal components of the sensor signal for the modulation frequencies. 2. The optical detector according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation device assigns each signal component to a respective pixel in accordance with a modulation frequency of the signal component. 3. The optical detector according to claim 1, wherein each of the pixels is controlled at a unique modulation frequency. 4. The optical detector according to claim 1, wherein the modulator device periodically modulates the at least two pixels with the different modulation frequencies. 5. The optical detector according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation device performs the frequency analysis by demodulating the sensor signal with different modulation frequencies. 6. The optical detector according to claim 1, wherein the at least one property of the light beam modified by the spatial light modulator in a spatially resolved fashion is at least one property selected from the group consisting of: an intensity of the portion of the light beam; a phase of the portion of the light beam; a spectral property of the portion of the light beam; a polarization of the portion of the light beam; and a direction of propagation of the portion of the light beam. 7. The optical detector according to claim 1, wherein the at least one spatial light modulator comprises at least one spatial light modulator selected from the group consisting of:a transmissive spatial light modulator, wherein the light beam passes through the matrix of pixels andwherein the pixels modifies the optical property for each portion of the light beam passing through the respective pixel in an individually controllable fashion;a reflective spatial light modulator, wherein the pixels have individually controllable reflective propertiesand individually change a direction of propagation for each portion of the light beam being reflected by the respective pixel;an electrochromic spatial light modulator, and wherein the pixels have controllable spectral properties individuallycontrollable by an electric voltage applied to the respective pixel;an acousto-optical spatial light modulator, wherein a birefringence of the pixels is controllable by acoustic waves;an electro-optical spatial light modulator, wherein a birefringence of the pixels is controllable by electric fields. 8. The optical detector according to claim 1, wherein the at least one spatial light modulator comprises at least one spatial light modulator selected from the group consisting of:a liquid crystal device, wherein the pixels are individually controllable cells of the liquid crystal device;a micro-minor device, wherein the pixels are micro-mirrors of the micro-mirror device individually controllable with regard to an orientation of their reflective surfaces;an electrochromic device, wherein the pixels are cells of the electrochromic device having spectral properties individually controllable by an electric voltage applied to the respective cell;an acousto-optical device, wherein the pixels are cells of the acousto-optical device having a birefringence individually controllable by acoustic waves applied to the cells;an electro-optical device, wherein the pixels are cells of the electro-optical device having a birefringence individually controllable by electric fields applied to the cells. 9. The optical detector according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation device assigns each of the signal components to a pixel of the matrix. 10. The optical detector according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation device determines which pixels of the matrix are illuminated by the light beam by evaluating the signal components. 11. The optical detector according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation device identifies at least one of a transversal position of the light beam and an orientation of the light beam, by identifying a transversal position of pixels of the matrix illuminated by the light beam. 12. The optical detector according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation device determines a width of the light beam by evaluating the signal components. 13. The optical detector according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation device identifies the signal components assigned to pixels being illuminated by the light beam and to determine the width of the light beam at the position of the spatial light modulator from known geometric properties of the arrangement of the pixels. 14. The optical detector according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation device, using a known or determinable relationship between a longitudinal coordinate of an object from which the light beam propagates towards the detector and one or both of a width of the light beam at the position of the spatial light modulator or a number of pixels of the spatial light modulator illuminated by the light beam determines a longitudinal coordinate of the object. 15. The optical detector according to claim 1, wherein the spatial light modulator comprises pixels of different colors,wherein the evaluation device assigns the signal components to the different colors. 16. The optical detector according to claim 1, wherein the at least one optical sensor comprises at least one large-area optical sensor for detecting a plurality of portions of the light beam passing through a plurality of the pixels. 17. The optical detector according to claim 1, wherein the at least one optical sensor comprises a stack of at least two optical sensors. 18. The optical detector according to claim 17, wherein at least one of the optical sensors of the stack is an at least partially transparent optical sensor. 19. The optical detector according to claim 17, wherein at least one of the optical sensors of the stack is a pixelated optical sensor having a plurality of light-sensitive pixels. 20. The optical detector according to claim 1, wherein the at least one optical sensor has at least one sensor region, wherein the sensor signal of the optical sensor is dependent on an illumination of the sensor region by the light beam,wherein the sensor signal, given the same total power of the illumination, is dependent on a width of the light beam in the sensor region. 21. The optical detector according to claim 1, wherein the at least one optical sensor comprises at least one optical sensor having a layer setup comprising at least one first electrode, at least one n-semiconducting metal oxide, at least one dye, at least one p-semiconducting organic material, and at least one second electrode. 22. The optical detector according to claim 1, further comprising:at least one transfer device which feeds light into the optical detector. 23. The optical detector according to claim 1, wherein the spatial light modulator is a reflective spatial light modulator,wherein the optical sensor comprises at least one transparent optical sensor,wherein the optical detector is set up such that the light beam passes through the transparent optical sensor before reaching the spatial light modulator, andwherein the spatial light modulator at least partially reflects the light beam back towards the optical sensor. 24. The optical detector according to claim 1, comprising:at least one beam-splitting element which divides a beam path of the light beam into at least two partial beam paths. 25. The optical detector according to claim 24, wherein the beam-splitting element comprises the spatial light modulator. 26. The optical detector according to claim 1, wherein at least one stack of optical sensors is located in at least one of the partial beam paths. 27. The optical detector according to claim 1, wherein at least one intransparent optical sensor is located in at least one of the partial beam paths. 28. A detector system for determining a position of at least one object, the detector system comprising: the optical detector according to claim 1, andat least one beacon device which directs at least one light beam towards the optical detector,wherein the beacon device is at least one of attachable to the object, holdable by the object and integratable into the object. 29. A human-machine interface for exchanging at least one item of information between a user and a machine, the human-machine interface comprising: the detector system according to claim 28,wherein the at least one beacon device is at least one of directly or indirectly attached to the user and held by the user,wherein the human-machine interface determines at least one position of the user with the detector system, andwherein the human-machine interface assigns to the position at least one item of information. 30. An entertainment device for carrying out at least one entertainment function, the entertainment device comprising: the human-machine interface according to claim 29,wherein the entertainment device enables at least one item of information to be input by a player with the human-machine interface, andwherein the entertainment device varies the entertainment function in accordance with the information. 31. A tracking system for tracking a position of at least one movable object, the tracking system comprising: the detector system according to claim 28; and at least one track controller,wherein the track controller tracks a series of positions of the object at specific points in time. 32. A camera for imaging at least one object, the camera comprising: the optical detector according to claim 1. 33. A method for producing an item of information, the method comprising: producing the item with the optical detector according to claim 1,wherein the item is suitable for utilization with at least one selected from the group consisting of: a position measurement in traffic technology; an entertainment application; a security application; a human-machine interface application; a tracking application; a photography application; an imaging application or camera application; a mapping application for generating maps of at least one space; a mobile application; a webcam; a computer peripheral device; a gaming application; a camera or video application; a security application; a surveillance application; an automotive application; a transport application; a medical application; a sports application; a machine vision application; a vehicle application; an airplane application; a ship application; a spacecraft application; a building application; a construction application; a cartography application; a manufacturing application; an application in combination with at least one time-of-flight detector; an application in a local positioning system; an application in a global positioning system; an application in a landmark-based positioning system; an application in an indoor navigation system; an application in an outdoor navigation system; an application in a household application; a robot application; an application in an automatic door opener; and an application in a light communication system. 34. A method of optical detection, the method comprising: modifying within an optical detector at least one property of a light beam in a spatially resolved fashion with at least one spatial light modulator, the spatial light modulator having a matrix of pixels, each pixel being controllable to individually modify the at least one optical property of a portion of the light beam passing the pixel;detecting the light beam after passing the matrix of pixels of the spatial light modulator with at least one optical sensor and for generating at least one sensor signal;periodically controlling at least two of the pixels with different frequencies with at least one modulator device for activation of the at least two of the pixels; andperforming a frequency analysis by using at least one evaluation device anddetermining signal components of the sensor signal for the control frequencies.
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