A power station (10) is provided having a turbine shafting (11) including a gas turbine (12) and a generator (18) which is driven directly by the gas turbine (12), produces alternating current at an operating frequency and whose output is connected to an electrical grid (21) with a predetermined gri
A power station (10) is provided having a turbine shafting (11) including a gas turbine (12) and a generator (18) which is driven directly by the gas turbine (12), produces alternating current at an operating frequency and whose output is connected to an electrical grid (21) with a predetermined grid frequency. An electronic decoupling apparatus or a variable electronic gearbox (27) is arranged between the generator (18) and the electrical grid (21), and decouples the operating frequency from the grid frequency.
대표청구항▼
1. A power station having a turbine shafting comprising: a gas turbine and a generator which is driven directly by the gas turbine, that produces alternating current at an operating frequency and whose output is connected to an electrical grid with a given grid frequency, wherein a variable electron
1. A power station having a turbine shafting comprising: a gas turbine and a generator which is driven directly by the gas turbine, that produces alternating current at an operating frequency and whose output is connected to an electrical grid with a given grid frequency, wherein a variable electronic gearbox is arranged between the generator and the electrical grid to facilitate power from the generator being output to the electrical grid and to control a rotation speed of the gas turbine, wherein the variable electronic gearbox of the gas turbine is configured to impose the rotation speed on the gas turbine via a conversion ratio between a mechanical rotation speed of the gas turbine and the grid frequency via the generator to facilitate the output of power from the generator to the electrical grid and to thereby control the rotation speed of the gas turbine. 2. The power station as claimed in claim 1, wherein the conversion ratio is controllable and is a frequency ratio between the rotation speed of the gas turbine and the grid frequency. 3. The power station as claimed in claim 1, wherein the conversion ratio is not equal to unity. 4. The power station as claimed in claim 1, wherein the conversion ratio is 60 Hz to 50 Hz or the conversion ratio is 50 Hz to 60 Hz. 5. The power station as claimed in claim 1, wherein the conversion ratio is controllable around a design value of 60 Hz to 50 Hz or around a design value of 50 Hz to 60 Hz. 6. The power station as claimed in claim 1, wherein the variable electronic gearbox is a matrix converter. 7. The power station as claimed in claim 6, wherein the matrix converter comprises a plurality of controllable bidirectional switches which are arranged in an m×n matrix and, controlled by a controller, connect m inputs selectively to n outputs, where m is greater than n, and where a first device is provided for determining the polarity of the currents in the inputs, and a second device is provided for determining the polarity of the voltages between the inputs, and where the first and second devices are connected to the controller by signal lines. 8. The power station as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gas turbine is a gas turbine with sequential combustion. 9. A method for operation of a power station having a turbine shafting, comprising: a gas turbine and a generator which is driven directly by the gas turbine that produces alternating current at an operating frequency and whose output is connected to an electrical grid with a given grid frequency wherein a variable electronic gearbox is arranged between the generator and the electrical grid to facilitate power from the generator being output to the electrical grid and to control a rotation speed of the gas turbine, wherein the variable electronic gearbox of the gas turbine is configured to impose a rotation speed on the gas turbine via a conversion ratio between a mechanical rotation speed of the gas turbine and the grid frequency via the generator, the method comprising:controlling a mechanical or aerodynamic rotation speed of the gas turbine via use of the conversion ratio between the mechanical rotation speed and the grid frequency to impose the rotation speed on the gas turbine via the variable electronic gearbox to facilitate the output of power from the generator to the electrical grid. 10. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the mechanical or aerodynamic rotation speed of the gas turbine is controlled at a constant value. 11. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the mechanical or aerodynamic rotation speed of the gas turbine is controlled as a function of at least one parameter of the power station and wherein the conversion ratio is a frequency ratio between the rotation speed of the gas turbine and the grid frequency. 12. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the gas turbine has a compressor for compression of combustion air, and the method comprising at least one of: (i) measuring an outlet pressure of the compressor and wherein the controlling of the mechanical or aerodynamic rotation speed of the gas turbine is also controlled as a function of the compressor outlet pressure, and(ii) measuring an outlet temperature of the compressor and wherein the controlling of the mechanical or aerodynamic rotation speed of the gas turbine is also controlled as a function of the compressor outlet temperature. 13. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein an intended power is predetermined for operation of the gas turbine and the mechanical or aerodynamic rotation speed of the gas turbine is controlled as a function of the intended power. 14. The method as claimed in claim 11, comprising at least one of: measuring the grid frequency of the electrical grid and measuring the second operating frequency; andwherein the controlling of the mechanical or aerodynamic rotation speed of the gas turbine is also controlled as a function of at least one of the measured grid frequency and the measured second operating frequency. 15. A method for operation of a power station, having a turbine shafting comprising a gas turbine and a generator which is driven directly by the gas turbine, that produces alternating current at an operating frequency and whose output is connected to an electrical grid with a given grid frequency, wherein a variable electronic gearbox is arranged between the generator and the electrical grid the variable electronic gearbox of the gas turbine imposes a rotation speed with a conversion ratio between a mechanical rotation speed of the gas turbine and the grid frequency via the generator, the method comprising: controlling a mechanical or aerodynamic rotation speed of the gas turbine via the conversion ratio between the mechanical rotation speed and the grid frequency, wherein the mechanical or aerodynamic rotation speed of the gas turbine is controlled as a function of at least one parameter of the power station; andwherein the gas turbine has a compressor for compression of combustion air, cooling air is taken from the compressor in order to cool components of the gas turbine and the mechanical or aerodynamic rotation speed of the gas turbine is also controlled as a function of at least one cooling air feed condition comprising at least one of (i) a pressure of the cooling air, a temperature of the cooling air, and an amount of the cooling air. 16. The method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the mechanical or aerodynamic rotation speed of the gas turbine is controlled as a function of permissible component temperatures of selected components of the gas turbine, or as a function of permissible emissions. 17. The method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the mechanical rotation speed is controlled in proportion to at least one of: (i) the square root of the compressor inlet temperature and (ii) the compressor inlet pressure in order to keep the aerodynamic rotation speed of the gas turbine at a constant value in the permissible mechanical rotation speed range, and the mechanical rotation speed is controlled at a constant value as soon as mechanical or other limit values are reached. 18. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein, when at least one of (i) the rotation speed of the shaft section and (ii) rotation speed of the shaft section in combination with the variable electronic gearbox falls within a blocking range, a target rotation speed or the conversion ratio of the variable electronic gearbox is corrected to a value outside the respective blocking range. 19. A power station having a turbine shafting comprising: a gas turbine which is designed for variations of an aerodynamic rotation speed of less than +/−10%, and a generator which is driven directly by the gas turbine that produces alternating current at an operating frequency and whose output is connected to an electrical grid with a predetermined grid frequency, wherein an electronic decoupling apparatus is arranged between the generator and the electrical grid to facilitate power from the generator being output to the electrical grid, the electronic decoupling apparatus configured to decouple the operating frequency from the grid frequency, and to control a rotation speed of the gas turbine, the decoupling apparatus configured to control a rotation speed of the generator by imposing the rotation speed on the gas turbine that drives the generator to output power to the electrical grid based on a conversion ratio between a mechanical rotation speed of the gas turbine and the grid frequency. 20. The power station as claimed in claim 19, wherein, when on full load and in ISO conditions, the compressor has a surge limit of less than 10% of the aerodynamic rotation speed. 21. The power station as claimed in claim 19, wherein the design pressures for the housing, cooling air cooler and cooling air lines are at least 3% below those which would have to be chosen for a design based on 100% of the mechanical rotation speed. 22. The power station as claimed in claim 19, wherein the gas turbine is established by retrofitting a conventional gas turbine with a new compressor. 23. The power station as claimed in claim 19, wherein the grid frequency is 50 Hz or 60 Hz. 24. The power station as claimed in claim 19, wherein the grid frequency is 60 Hz and the operating frequency is 50 Hz or the grid frequency is 50 Hz and the operating frequency is 60 Hz. 25. The power station as claimed in claim 19, wherein the gas turbine is designed for a power of more than 100 MW, and the electronic decoupling apparatus is a frequency converter in the form of a matrix converter. 26. A power station having a turbine shafting comprising: a gas turbine and a generator which is driven directly by the gas turbine, to produce alternating current at an operating frequency and whose output is connected to an electrical grid with a predetermined grid frequency, wherein an electronic decoupling apparatus is arranged between the generator and the electrical grid that is configured to decouple the operating frequency from the grid frequency, facilitate power from the generator being output to the electrical grid, and to control a rotation speed of the gas turbine, wherein the gas turbine is designed for a power of more than 100 MW, and the electronic decoupling apparatus is a frequency converter in the form of a matrix converter that comprises a plurality of controllable bidirectional switches which are arranged in a m×n matrix controlled by a controller, m inputs being connected selectively to n outputs, where m is greater than n, and a first device and a second device are connected to the controller by signal lines, the first device is configured to determine the polarity of the currents in the inputs, the second device configured to determine the polarity of the voltages between the inputs, and where the first and second devices are connected to the controller by signal lines; andwherein the controller of the electronic decoupling apparatus is configured to control aerodynamic rotation speed of the gas turbine via a conversion ratio between aerodynamic rotation speed of the gas turbine and the grid frequency. 27. The power station as claimed in claim 26, wherein the conversion ratio between the aerodynamic rotation speed of the gas turbine and the grid frequency is 5/6 or 6/5. 28. A method for operation of a power station, having a turbine shafting comprising a gas turbine and a generator which is driven directly by the gas turbine, that produce alternating current at an operating frequency and whose output is connected to an electrical grid with a predetermined grid frequency, wherein an electronic decoupling apparatus is arranged between the generator and the electrical grid and is configured to decouple the operating frequency from the grid frequency and control a rotation speed of the gas turbine, wherein the gas turbine is designed for a power of more than 100 MW, and the electronic decoupling apparatus is a frequency converter in the form of a matrix converter, the method comprising: controlling aerodynamic rotation speed of the gas turbine via the electronic decoupling apparatus to facilitate the output from the generator to the electrical grid and to thereby control the rotation speed of the gas turbine, the controlling of the aerodynamic rotation speed of the gas turbine imposed on the gas turbine via the electronic decoupling apparatus being based on a conversion ratio between the aerodynamic rotation speed of the gas turbine and the grid frequency. 29. The method as claimed in claim 28, wherein the aerodynamic rotation speed of the gas turbine is controlled at a constant value. 30. The method as claimed in claim 28, wherein the control aims are optimized as a function of the gas turbine installation conditions. 31. The method as claimed in claim 28, wherein a mechanical reference rotation speed, by which the target rotation speed of the gas turbine is controlled as a function of a compressor inlet temperature that is corrected as a function of a calorific value of the fuel gas. 32. The method as claimed in claim 28, wherein the aerodynamic rotation speed of the gas turbine is controlled as a function of at least one parameter of the power station. 33. The method as claimed in claim 28, wherein the gas turbine has a compressor for compression of combustion air, the method comprising at least one of: (i) measuring an outlet pressure of the compressor and measuring an outlet temperature of the compressor; andwherein the aerodynamic rotation speed of the gas turbine is also controlled as a function of at least one of the measured outlet pressure of the compressor and the measured compressor outlet temperature. 34. The method as claimed in claim 28, wherein an intended power is predetermined for operation of the gas turbine and the aerodynamic rotation speed of the gas turbine is controlled as a function of the intended power. 35. The method as claimed in claim 28, comprising at least one of: (i) measuring the grid frequency of the electrical grid and (ii) measuring a second operating frequency; andwherein the mechanical or aerodynamic rotation speed of the gas turbine is also controlled as a function of at least one of the measured grid frequency and the measured second operating frequency. 36. A method for operation of a power station, having a turbine shafting comprising a gas turbine and a generator which is driven directly by the gas turbine, that produce alternating current at an operating frequency and whose output is connected to an electrical grid with a predetermined grid frequency, wherein an electronic decoupling apparatus is arranged between the generator and the electrical grid and decouples the operating frequency from the grid frequency, wherein the gas turbine is designed for a power of more than 100 MW, and the electronic decoupling apparatus is a frequency converter in the form of a matrix converter, the method comprising: controlling a mechanical or aerodynamic rotation speed of the gas turbine;wherein the gas turbine has a compressor for compression of combustion air, the method further comprising:sending cooling air from the compressor to cool components of the gas turbine, and wherein the mechanical or aerodynamic rotation speed of the gas turbine is also controlled as a function of at least one cooling air feed condition comprising at least one of (i) a pressure of the cooling air, (ii) a temperature of the cooling air, and (iii) an amount of cooling air fed to the gas turbine to cool the components of the gas turbine. 37. The method as claimed in claim 36, wherein the aerodynamic rotation speed of the gas turbine is controlled as a function of permissible component temperatures of selected components of the gas turbine, or as a function of permissible emissions. 38. The method as claimed in claim 36, wherein a mechanical rotation speed is controlled in proportion to at least one of: (i) the square root of the compressor inlet temperature and (ii) the compressor inlet pressure in order to keep the aerodynamic rotation speed of the gas turbine at a constant value in a permissible mechanical rotation speed range, and the mechanical rotation speed is controlled at a constant value as soon as mechanical or other limit values are reached. 39. The method as claimed in claim 28, wherein the aerodynamic rotation speed is reduced in comparison to a full-load rotation speed when the gas turbine is on partial load. 40. The method as claimed in claim 28, wherein when at least one of (i) the rotation speed of the shaft section and (ii) the rotation speed of the shaft section in combination with the electronic decoupling apparatus falls within a blocking range, a target rotation speed is corrected to a value outside the respective blocking range. 41. A method for operation of a power station having a turbine shafting comprising a gas turbine which is designed for variations of an aerodynamic rotation speed of less than +/−10%, and a generator which is driven directly by the gas turbine to produce alternating current at an operating frequency and whose output is connected to an electrical grid with a predetermined grid frequency, wherein an electronic decoupling apparatus is arranged between the generator and the electrical grid, the electronic decoupling apparatus configured to decouple the operating frequency from the grid frequency, control a rotation speed of the gas turbine, and to facilitate power from the generator being output to the electrical grid, the method comprising: controlling a mechanical or aerodynamic rotation speed of the gas turbine via the electronic decoupling apparatus imposing the rotation speed on the gas turbine based on a conversion ratio between the rotation speed of the gas turbine and the grid frequency to thereby control the rotation speed of the gas turbine and to facilitate the output of power from the generator to the electrical grid. 42. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein the mechanical or the aerodynamic rotation speed of the gas turbine is controlled at a constant value. 43. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein the control aims are optimized as a function of the gas turbine installation conditions and the conversion ratio is a frequency ratio between the rotation speed of the gas turbine and the grid frequency. 44. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein a mechanical reference rotation speed, by which the target rotation speed of the gas turbine is controlled as a function of a compressor inlet temperature is corrected as a function of a calorific value of the fuel gas. 45. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein the mechanical or aerodynamic rotation speed of the gas turbine is controlled as a function of at least one parameter of the power station. 46. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein the gas turbine has a compressor for compression of combustion air, the method comprising at least one of: (i) measuring an outlet pressure of the compressor and (ii) measuring an outlet temperature of the compressor;wherein the mechanical or aerodynamic rotation speed of the gas turbine is also controlled as a function of at least one of the measured compressor outlet pressure and the measured compressor outlet temperature. 47. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein an intended power is predetermined for operation of the gas turbine and the mechanical or aerodynamic rotation speed of the gas turbine is controlled as a function of the intended power. 48. The method as claimed in claim 41, comprising: measuring at least one of (i) the grid frequency of the electrical grid and (ii) a second operating frequency; andwherein the mechanical or aerodynamic rotation speed of the gas turbine is also controlled as a function of at least one of the measured grid frequency and the measured second operating frequency. 49. A method for operation of a power station having a turbine shafting comprising a gas turbine which is designed for variations of an aerodynamic rotation speed of less than +/−10%, and a generator which is driven directly by the gas turbine, that produce alternating current at an operating frequency and whose output is connected to an electrical grid with a predetermined grid frequency, wherein an electronic decoupling apparatus is arranged between the generator and the electrical grid to decouple the operating frequency from the grid frequency, the method comprising: controlling a mechanical or aerodynamic rotation speed of the gas turbine; andwherein the gas turbine has a compressor for compression of combustion air, and the method also comprising:sending cooling air from the compressor in order to cool components of the gas turbine and wherein the mechanical or aerodynamic rotation speed of the gas turbine is also controlled as a function of at least one of (i) a pressure of the cooling air fed to the gas turbine, (ii) a temperature of the cooling air sent to the gas turbine, and (iii) an amount of the cooling air sent to the gas turbine. 50. The method as claimed in claim 49, wherein the mechanical or aerodynamic rotation speed of the gas turbine is controlled as a function of permissible component temperatures of selected components of the gas turbine, or as a function of permissible emissions. 51. The method as claimed in claim 49, wherein the mechanical rotation speed is controlled in proportion to at least one of (i) the square root of the compressor inlet temperature and (ii) the compressor inlet pressure; in order to keep the aerodynamic rotation speed of the gas turbine at a constant value in a permissible mechanical rotation speed range, and the mechanical rotation speed is controlled at a constant value as soon as mechanical or other limit values are reached. 52. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein the mechanical rotation speed is reduced in comparison to a full-load rotation speed when the gas turbine is on partial load. 53. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein when at least one of (i) the rotation speed of the shaft section and (ii) the rotation speed of the shaft section in combination with the electronic decoupling apparatus falls within a blocking range, a target rotation speed is corrected to a value outside the respective blocking range.
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이 특허에 인용된 특허 (12)
Kikkawa Yoshitsugi (Kanagawa-ken JPX) Yamamoto Osamu (Kanagawa-ken JPX) Naito Yasuhiro (Kanagawa-ken JPX) Sakaguchi Junichi (Kanagawa-ken JPX), Compressor drive system for a natural gas liquefaction plant having an electric motor generator to feed excess power to.
Nelson, Robert J.; Suchor, Mark Robert, Single speed turbine generator for different power system output frequencies in power generation systems and associated methods.
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