Method for controlling a thermal storage heat pump system
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
F25B-030/02
F25B-005/02
F25B-006/02
F25B-049/00
F24H-004/06
B60H-001/00
F25B-049/02
F24H-009/20
F25B-007/00
출원번호
US-0742735
(2013-01-16)
등록번호
US-9618242
(2017-04-11)
발명자
/ 주소
Lombardo, Paul S.
Ziehr, Lawrence P.
Lemon, Brian P.
출원인 / 주소
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
대리인 / 주소
Quinn IP Law
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
2인용 특허 :
10
초록▼
A thermal storage heat pump system transfers heat to a passenger compartment of a vehicle from at least one of a thermal storage device and ambient air. Heat from the thermal storage device is absorbed by a first coolant flowing through it, and is transferred to a refrigerant via a first heat exchan
A thermal storage heat pump system transfers heat to a passenger compartment of a vehicle from at least one of a thermal storage device and ambient air. Heat from the thermal storage device is absorbed by a first coolant flowing through it, and is transferred to a refrigerant via a first heat exchanger. The heat is then transferred from the refrigerant to a second coolant via a second heat exchanger, and then from the second coolant to air flowing into the passenger compartment via a heater core. Heat from ambient air is absorbed by the refrigerant via a third heat exchanger. The heat source is determined by at least one of the thermal storage device temperature, ambient air temperature, and ambient air humidity. At start-up of the vehicle, heat transfer to the refrigerant and to the second coolant is controlled based on low-side and high-side pressure measurements of the refrigerant.
대표청구항▼
1. A thermal storage heat pump system of a vehicle having a passenger compartment and a discrete internal combustion engine, the system comprising: a first coolant circuit having a first coolant pump configured to circulate a first coolant through the first coolant circuit;a second coolant circuit h
1. A thermal storage heat pump system of a vehicle having a passenger compartment and a discrete internal combustion engine, the system comprising: a first coolant circuit having a first coolant pump configured to circulate a first coolant through the first coolant circuit;a second coolant circuit having a second coolant pump configured to circulate a second coolant through the second coolant circuit, wherein the second coolant circuit includes the internal combustion engine, and the second coolant pump is discrete and separate from the internal combustion engine;a refrigeration circuit configured to circulate a refrigerant, the refrigeration circuit being in thermal communication with the first coolant circuit and the second coolant circuit via a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger, respectively;a thermal storage device located in the first coolant circuit, wherein the thermal storage device is configured to store thermal energy, and the thermal storage device is an energy storage system that includes at least one battery pack;a heater located in the first coolant circuit, wherein the first heat exchanger is upstream of the thermal storage device such that the heater is configured to heat the first coolant before the first coolant reaches the thermal storage device;a heater core located on the second coolant circuit, the heater core being configured to transfer heat from the second coolant to air flowing across the heater core to warm up the passenger compartment;a compressor having an inlet and an outlet, the compressor being located on the refrigeration circuit and being configured to compress the refrigerant from a low-side pressure to a high-side pressure;a third heat exchanger configured to transfer thermal energy from ambient air to the refrigerant;a plurality of flow control valves in the refrigeration circuit, the flow control valves being configured to control the flow of refrigerant in the refrigeration circuit; andat least one controller configured to control the operation of at least one of the first coolant pump, the second coolant pump, the compressor, and the plurality of flow control valves based on at least one parameter. 2. The thermal storage heat pump system of claim 1, wherein the heater is a resistive heater. 3. The thermal storage heat pump system of claim 1 wherein the at least one parameter comprises at least one of ambient air temperature, ambient air humidity, temperature of the thermal storage device, low-side and high-side pressure of the refrigerant, and desired temperature of the passenger compartment, and the second coolant circuit further includes a bypass line and a bypass valve, the bypass line bypasses the internal combustion engine, the bypass valve is downstream of the second coolant pump and upstream of the internal combustion engine, the bypass valve is configured to selectively direct the second coolant to the internal combustion engine when the vehicle is in one of a range extending mode or a hybrid mode, and the bypass valve is configured to selectively direct the second coolant to the bypass line when the vehicle is in an electric vehicle (EV) drive mode such that the second coolant bypasses the internal combustion engine when the vehicle is in the EV drive mode. 4. The thermal storage heat pump system of claim 3 wherein the thermal storage device comprises a first temperature sensor configured to measure the temperature of the thermal storage device to obtain a thermal storage device temperature measurement, and to transmit the thermal storage device temperature measurement to the at least one controller, the refrigeration circuit includes a first thermal expansion device configured to cool and expand the refrigerant to be distributed to the first heat exchanger, and the first thermal expansion device is located downstream of the second heat exchanger and upstream of the first heat exchanger. 5. The thermal storage heat pump system of claim 4 further comprising a second temperature sensor configured to measure the ambient air temperature to obtain an ambient air temperature measurement, and to transmit the ambient air temperature measurement to the at least one controller, the refrigeration circuit includes a second thermal expansion device configured to cool and expand the refrigerant to be distributed to the third heat exchanger, the second thermal expansion device is located upstream of the third heat exchanger, and the first thermal expansion device and the second thermal expansion device are thermal expansion valves. 6. The thermal storage heat pump system of claim 3 further comprising a humidity sensor to measure the ambient air humidity to obtain a humidity measurement, and to transmit the humidity measurement to the at least one controller, and the third heat exchanger is fluidly connected in parallel with respect to the second heat exchanger. 7. The thermal storage heat pump system of claim 6 further comprising a low-side pressure sensor configured to measure a low-side pressure of the refrigerant at the inlet of the compressor to obtain a low-side pressure measurement, and to transmit the low-side pressure measurement to the at least one controller, and the refrigeration circuit includes a fourth heat exchanger, the fourth heat exchanger is fluidly connected in parallel with the compressor, the fourth heat exchanger is a refrigerant-to-ambient air heat exchanger and functions as a condenser, the plurality of flow control valves includes a first flow control valve fluidly connected in series with the fourth heat exchanger, the first flow control valve is fluidly connected in parallel with the compressor, and the first flow control valve is downstream of the fourth heat exchanger. 8. The thermal storage heat pump system of claim 7 further comprising a high-side pressure sensor configured to measure a high-side pressure of the refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor to obtain a high-side pressure measurement, and to transmit the high-side pressure measurement to the at least one controller, wherein the compressor is located downstream of the first heat exchanger and upstream of the second heat exchanger such that the refrigerant flows through the first heat exchanger, then through the compressor, and then through the second heat exchanger. 9. The thermal storage heat pump system of claim 8 further comprising an input module configured to receive and transmit to the at least one controller a desired passenger compartment temperature input, the refrigeration circuit includes a first thermal expansion device configured to cool and expand the refrigerant to be distributed to the second heat exchanger, the first thermal expansion device is upstream of the first heat exchanger and downstream of the second heat exchanger, the first thermal expansion device is fluidly connected in series with the first heat exchanger, the plurality of flow control valves includes a second flow control valve and a third flow control valve, the second flow control valve is downstream of the second heat exchanger and upstream of the first thermal expansion device, and the second flow control valve is fluidly connected in series with the first thermal expansion device. 10. The thermal storage heat pump system of claim 9, wherein the refrigeration circuit includes a second thermal expansion device configured to cool and expand the refrigerant to be distributed to the third heat exchanger, the second thermal expansion device is fluidly connected in series with the third heat exchanger, the second thermal expansion device is upstream of the third heat exchanger, and the third flow control valve is fluidly connected in series with the second heat exchanger, the third flow control valve is downstream of the second heat exchanger, and the at least one controller is programmed to: receive the low-side pressure measurement of the refrigerant at the inlet of the compressor;compare the low-side pressure measurement to a minimum low-side pressure value to determine if the low-side pressure measurement is less than the minimum low-side pressure value; andcommand the first coolant pump to operate at a maximum speed thereof when the low-side pressure measurement is less than the minimum low-side pressure value. 11. The thermal storage heat pump system of claim 10, wherein the at least one controller is programmed to command the compressor to operate at a minimum speed thereof when the low-side pressure measurement is less than the minimum low-side pressure value, the plurality of flow control valves includes a fourth flow control valve, the fourth flow control valve is fluidly connected in series with the third heat exchanger and the second thermal expansion device, the fourth flow control valve is upstream of the second thermal expansion device, and the fourth flow control valve is fluidly connected in parallel with the third flow control valve. 12. The thermal storage heat pump system of claim 11, wherein the second coolant pump is downstream of the heater core, and the at least one controller is programmed to: receive the high-side pressure measurement of the refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor;compare the high-side pressure measurement to a maximum high-side pressure value to determine if the high-side pressure measurement is lower than the maximum high-side pressure value; andcommand the compressor to operate at a maximum speed thereof when the high-side pressure measurement is lower than the maximum high-side pressure value. 13. The thermal storage heat pump system of claim 12, wherein the second heat exchanger is downstream of the internal combustion engine and upstream of the heater core, and the at least one controller is programmed to command the second coolant pump to operate at a minimum speed thereof when the high-side pressure measurement is lower than the maximum high-side pressure value. 14. A thermal storage heat pump system of a vehicle having a passenger compartment, the system comprising: a first coolant circuit having a first coolant pump configured to circulate a first coolant;a second coolant circuit having a second coolant pump configured to circulate a second coolant;a refrigeration circuit configured to circulate a refrigerant, the refrigeration circuit being in thermal communication with the first coolant circuit and the second coolant circuit via a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger, respectively;a thermal storage device located in the first coolant circuit, wherein the thermal storage device is configured to store thermal energy, and the thermal storage device is an energy storage system that includes at least one battery pack;a resistive heater located in the first coolant circuit, wherein the resistive heater is upstream of the thermal storage device such that the resistive heater is configured to heat the first coolant before the first coolant reaches the thermal storage device;a heater core located on the second coolant circuit, the heater core being configured to transfer heat from the second coolant to air flowing across the heater core to warm up the passenger compartment;a compressor having an inlet and an outlet, the compressor being located on the refrigeration circuit and being configured to compress the refrigerant from a low-side pressure to a high-side pressure;a third heat exchanger configured to transfer thermal energy from ambient air to the refrigerant;a plurality of flow control valves in the refrigeration circuit, the flow control valves being configured to control the flow of refrigerant in the refrigeration circuit;a low-side pressure sensor configured to measure a low-side pressure of the refrigerant at the inlet of the compressor to obtain a low-side pressure measurement;at least one controller programmed to control the operation of at least one of the first coolant pump, the second coolant pump, the compressor, and the plurality of flow control valves based on at least one parameter, wherein the at least one controller is programmed to: receive the low-side pressure measurement from the low-side pressure sensor;compare the low-side pressure measurement to a minimum low-side pressure value to determine if the low-side pressure measurement is less than the minimum low-side pressure value;command the first coolant pump to operate at a maximum speed thereof when the low-side pressure measurement is less than the minimum low-side pressure value; andcommand the compressor to operate at a minimum speed thereof when the low-side pressure measurement is less than the minimum low-side pressure value. 15. The thermal storage heat pump system of claim 14, wherein the at least one controller is programmed to command the compressor to operate at the minimum speed thereof and the first coolant pump to operate at the maximum speed thereof when the thermal storage heat pump system is starting up, and the refrigeration circuit includes a fourth heat exchanger, the fourth heat exchanger is fluidly connected in parallel with the compressor, the fourth heat exchanger is a refrigerant-to-ambient air heat exchanger and functions as a condenser. 16. The thermal storage heat pump system of claim 15, further comprising a high-side pressure sensor configured to measure a high-side pressure of the refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor to obtain a high-side pressure measurement, and to transmit the high-side pressure measurement to the at least one controller, the plurality of flow control valves includes a first control valve fluidly connected in series with the fourth heat exchanger, and the first control valve is fluidly connected in parallel with the compressor, and the first control valve is downstream of the fourth heat exchanger, wherein the at least one controller is programmed to: receive the high-side pressure measurement from the high-side pressure sensor;compare the high-side pressure measurement to a maximum high-side pressure value; andcommand the compressor to operate at a maximum speed thereof when the low-side pressure measurement is greater than the minimum low-side pressure value and the high-side pressure measurement is less than the maximum high-side pressure value. 17. The thermal storage heat pump system of claim 16, wherein the at least one controller is programmed to command the second coolant pump to operate at a minimum speed thereof when the low-side pressure measurement is greater than the minimum low-side pressure value and the high-side pressure measurement is less than the maximum high-side pressure value, the plurality of flow control valves includes a second control valve, and the second control valve is downstream of the second heat exchanger and upstream of the first heat exchanger. 18. The thermal storage heat pump system of claim 17, wherein the at least one controller is programmed to command the first coolant to pump to remain operating at the maximum speed thereof when the low-side pressure measurement is greater than the minimum low-side pressure value and the high-side pressure measurement is less than the maximum high-side pressure value, the plurality of flow control valves includes a second flow control valve, a third flow control valve and a fourth control valve, the second flow control valve is downstream of the second heat exchanger and upstream of the first thermal expansion device, the second flow control valve is fluidly connected in series with the first thermal expansion device, the third flow control valve is fluidly connected in series with the second flow control valve, the third flow control valve is downstream of the second heat exchanger and upstream of the second flow control valve, the third flow control valve is fluidly connected in parallel with the second heat exchanger, and the third flow control valve is upstream of the third heat exchanger.
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이 특허에 인용된 특허 (10)
Itoh, Satoshi; Yamaguchi, Motohiro, Air conditioner with dehumidifying and heating operation.
Baruschke Wilhelm (Wangen DEX) Lochmahr Karl (Vaihingen DEX) Rojnica Werner (Esslingen DEX), Device for cooling drive components and heating a passenger compartment of an electric vehicle.
Longardner William J. (Indianapolis IN) Gustin Joseph A. (Indianapolis IN) Rafalovich Alexander P. (Indianapolis IN) Keller Gilbert P. (Indianapolis IN) Schmidter Thomas C. (Indianapolis IN), Plumbed thermal energy storage system.
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