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A distance measuring apparatus and method for calculating a distance in a conducting structure are provided. One distance measuring apparatus provides for calculating a distance between a reflection body in a conducting structure and an injection point provided on an end section of the conducting st

A distance measuring apparatus and method for calculating a distance in a conducting structure are provided. One distance measuring apparatus provides for calculating a distance between a reflection body in a conducting structure and an injection point provided on an end section of the conducting structure for electromagnetic waves is provided. The distance measuring apparatus includes a transmitting and receiving device with a conduction cross-over provided at the injection point for the coaxially-inductive coupling of the transmitting and receiving device to the conducting structure in order to inject an electromagnetic wave into the conducting structure and to decouple the electromagnetic wave reflected on the reflection body from the conducting structure. The distance measuring apparatus also includes an analysis device for calculating a distance between the injection point and the reflection body from the phase difference between the injected electromagnetic wave and the decoupled electromagnetic wave.

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1. A distance measuring apparatus for determining a distance between a body in a conducting structure and an injection location at which electromagnetic waves are injected into the conducting structure, the distance measuring apparatus comprising: a signal source for generating the electromagnetic w

1. A distance measuring apparatus for determining a distance between a body in a conducting structure and an injection location at which electromagnetic waves are injected into the conducting structure, the distance measuring apparatus comprising: a signal source for generating the electromagnetic waves;a conduction cross-over at the injection location for coaxially-inductive coupling the signal source the conducting structure in order to inject an electromagnetic wave into the conducting structure and to decouple and receive the electromagnetic wave reflected from the body, orthogonally polarized electromagnetic waves being received simultaneously; anda device configured to calculate a distance between the injection point and the body from the phase difference between the injected electromagnetic wave and the decoupled electromagnetic wave,wherein the conduction cross-over comprises one or more conductive, inductive mode transformers that are configured to inject the electromagnetic wave, and the signal source generates the electromagnetic waves by in phase injection of a coaxial wave into the conducting structure by the one or more conductive, inductive mode transformers. 2. The distance measuring apparatus of claim 1, wherein the conducting structure comprises a hollow cylinder. 3. The distance measuring apparatus of claim 2, wherein the hollow cylinder is a pneumatic cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, or a measuring cylinder. 4. The distance measuring apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a piston in the hollow cylinder corresponding to the body. 5. The distance measuring apparatus of claim 4, further comprising a piston stop positioned between the piston and the conduction cross-over along an axis of the hollow cylinder. 6. The distance measuring apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a signal source in communication with the injection location, the signal source being configured to inject an electromagnetic wave having a frequency in a range between 1 MHz and 100 GHz into the conducting structure. 7. The distance measuring apparatus of claim 6, wherein the electromagnetic wave is a monomodal electromagnetic wave. 8. The distance measuring apparatus of claim 7, wherein the monomodal electromagnetic wave is an H11 mode, an E01 mode, or a TEM mode. 9. The distance measuring apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more conductive, inductive mode transformers comprises two conductive, inductive mode transformers arranged offset by 180 degrees in relation to one another over a circular path proximate to the injection location. 10. The distance measuring apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more conductive, inductive mode transformers comprises two conductive, inductive mode transformers arranged offset by 90 degrees in relation to one another over a circular path proximate to the injection location. 11. The distance measuring apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more conductive, inductive mode transformers comprises four conductive, inductive mode transformers arranged offset by 90 degrees in relation to one another over a circular path proximate to the injection location. 12. The distance measuring apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more conductive, inductive mode transformers are configured to inject linearly polarized electromagnetic waves. 13. The distance measuring apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more conductive, inductive mode transformers are each shaped as a mechanical stairway. 14. The distance measuring apparatus of claim 13, wherein each mechanical stairway is arranged with a decreasing step height in the direction of the body. 15. The distance measuring apparatus of claim 1, wherein the conduction cross-over comprises for the coupling of the transmitting and receiving device to the conducting structure, a contact between each respective mode transformer and a coaxial inner conductor. 16. A distance measuring apparatus for determining a distance between a body in a conducting structure comprising a hollow cylinder and an injection location at which electromagnetic waves are injected into the conducting structure, the distance measuring apparatus comprising: a signal source for generating the electromagnetic waves;a conduction cross-over at the injection location for coaxially-inductive coupling the signal source the conducting structure in order to inject an electromagnetic wave into the conducting structure and to decouple and receive the electromagnetic wave reflected from the body, orthogonally polarized electromagnetic waves being received simultaneously; anda device configured to calculate a distance between the injection point and the body from the phase difference between the injected electromagnetic wave and the decoupled electromagnetic wave,wherein the conduction cross-over comprises one or more transformers each shaped as a mechanical stairway arranged on an inner wall of the hollow cylinder. 17. The distance measuring apparatus of claim 16, wherein the transformers are shaped with a decreasing stair height in a direction extending along a cylindrical axis of the hollow cylinder.